The global burden of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has shown an upsurge in recent years due to the higher load of immunocompromised patients suffering from various diseases. The role of early and ...accurate diagnosis in the aggressive containment of the fungal infection at the initial stages becomes crucial thus, preventing the development of a life-threatening situation. With the changing demands of clinical mycology, the field of fungal diagnostics has evolved and come a long way from traditional methods of microscopy and culturing to more advanced non-culture-based tools. With the advent of more powerful approaches such as novel PCR assays, T2 Candida, microfluidic chip technology, next generation sequencing, new generation biosensors, nanotechnology-based tools, artificial intelligence-based models, the face of fungal diagnostics is constantly changing for the better. All these advances have been reviewed here giving the latest update to our readers in the most orderly flow.
A detailed literature survey was conducted by the team followed by data collection, pertinent data extraction, in-depth analysis, and composing the various sub-sections and the final review. The review is unique in its kind as it discusses the advances in molecular methods; advances in serology-based methods; advances in biosensor technology; and advances in machine learning-based models, all under one roof. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no review covering all of these fields (especially biosensor technology and machine learning using artificial intelligence) with relevance to invasive fungal infections.
The review will undoubtedly assist in updating the scientific community's understanding of the most recent advancements that are on the horizon and that may be implemented as adjuncts to the traditional diagnostic algorithms.
Abstract Studies have indicated that low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is an important risk factor for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). ...However, whether higher HDL-C levels decrease the risk of developing DKD remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between HDL-C levels and DKD risk in individuals with T2D in China. In total, 936 patients with T2D were divided into DKD and non-DKD groups. The association between HDL-C levels and DKD risk was evaluated using logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline curves adjusted for potential confounders. Threshold effect analysis of HDL-C for DKD risk was also performed. Higher HDL-C levels did not consistently decrease the DKD risk. Furthermore, a nonlinear association with threshold interval effects between HDL-C levels and the incidence of DKD was observed. Patients with HDL-C ≤ 0.94 mmol/L or HDL-C > 1.54 mmol/L had significantly higher DKD risk after adjusting for confounding factors. Interestingly, the association between high HDL-C levels and increased DKD risk was more significant in women. A U-shaped association between HDL-C levels and DKD risk was observed; therefore, low and high HDL-C levels may increase the DKD risk in patients with T2D.
The coordination of green economy, education development, and technological innovation is of great significance for reversing the trend of ecological environmental deterioration and promoting ...high-quality economic development. This study first designs the indicator system of green economy, education development, and technological innovation, then uses the entropy method to calculate the comprehensive level of green economy, education development, and technological innovation of 30 provinces and cities in China, and finally uses the coupling coordination model to measure the coordination level among them. The research shows that, first, the comprehensive level of green economy, education development, and technological innovation in 30 provinces and cities in China showed a rising trend from 2005 to 2016, but there were some regional differences in their levels. Second, the coordination level of green economy, education development, and technological innovation in different regions of China was in a rising trend from 2005 to 2016, but in 2005, they were extremely uncoordinated. Also, the coordination level of green economy, education development, and technological innovation in most regions of China grew very slowly from 2005 to 2010 but showed a rapid increase from 2011 to 2016. The coordination level of green economy, education development, and technological innovation in eastern China was visibly higher than that of the central region. The coordination level of the central region was higher than that of the northeast region, and the coordination level of the northeast region was higher than that of the western region. Finally, the limitations of this paper are summarized and proposed the direction of future research.
Abstract
Voltage-gated processing units are fundamental components for non-von Neumann architectures like memristor and electric synapses, on which nanoscale molecular electronics have possessed ...great potentials. Here, tailored foldamers with furan‒benzene stacking (
f
-Fu) and thiophene‒benzene stacking (
f
-Th) are designed to decipher electro-responsive through-space interaction, which achieve volatile memory behaviors via quantum interference switching in single-molecule junctions.
f
-Fu exhibits volatile turn-on feature while
f
-Th performs stochastic turn-off feature with low voltages as 0.2 V. The weakened orbital through-space mixing induced by electro-polarization dominates stacking malposition and quantum interference switching.
f
-Fu possesses higher switching probability and faster responsive time, while
f
-Th suffers incomplete switching and longer responsive time. High switching ratios of up to 91 for
f
-Fu is realized by electrochemical gating. These findings provide evidence and interpretation of the electro-responsiveness of non-covalent interaction at single-molecule level and offer design strategies of molecular non-von Neumann architectures like true random number generator.
Volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) enables fast photopolymerization of three-dimensional constructs by illuminating dynamically evolving light patterns in the entire build volume. However, the ...lack of bioinks suitable for VAM is a critical limitation. This study reports rapid volumetric (bio)printing of pristine, unmodified silk-based (silk sericin (SS) and silk fibroin (SF)) (bio)inks to form sophisticated shapes and architectures. Of interest, combined with post-fabrication processing, the (bio)printed SS constructs reveal properties including reversible as well as repeated shrinkage and expansion, or shape-memory; whereas the (bio)printed SF constructs exhibit tunable mechanical performances ranging from a few hundred Pa to hundreds of MPa. Both types of silk-based (bio)inks are cytocompatible. This work supplies expanded bioink libraries for VAM and provides a path forward for rapid volumetric manufacturing of silk constructs, towards broadened biomedical applications.
The study aimed to compare the differences in the performance of seven session-rating of perceived exertion (RPE)-derived metrics (coupled and uncoupled acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR), weekly ...ratio of workload change, monotony, standard deviation of weekly workload change, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), and robust exponential decreasing index (REDI)) in classifying the performance of an injury prediction model after taking into account the time series (no latency, 5-day latency, and 10-day latency).ObjectiveThe study aimed to compare the differences in the performance of seven session-rating of perceived exertion (RPE)-derived metrics (coupled and uncoupled acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR), weekly ratio of workload change, monotony, standard deviation of weekly workload change, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), and robust exponential decreasing index (REDI)) in classifying the performance of an injury prediction model after taking into account the time series (no latency, 5-day latency, and 10-day latency).The study documented the RPE of eight curlers in their daily training routine for 211 days prior to the Olympic Games.DesignThe study documented the RPE of eight curlers in their daily training routine for 211 days prior to the Olympic Games.Seven Session-RPE (sRPE)-derived metrics were used to build models at three time series nodes using logistic regression and multilayer perceptron. Receiver operating characteristic plots were plotted to evaluate the model's performance.MethodsSeven Session-RPE (sRPE)-derived metrics were used to build models at three time series nodes using logistic regression and multilayer perceptron. Receiver operating characteristic plots were plotted to evaluate the model's performance.Among the seven sRPE-derived metrics multilayer perceptron models, the model without time delay (same-day load corresponding to same-day injury) exhibited the highest average classification performance (86.5%, AUC = 0.773). EMWA and REDI demonstrated the best classification performance (84.4%, p < 0.001). Notably, EMWA achieved the highest classifying accuracy in the no-delay time series (90.0%, AUC = 0.899), followed by the weekly load change rate under the 5-day delay time series (88.9%, AUC = 0.841).ResultsAmong the seven sRPE-derived metrics multilayer perceptron models, the model without time delay (same-day load corresponding to same-day injury) exhibited the highest average classification performance (86.5%, AUC = 0.773). EMWA and REDI demonstrated the best classification performance (84.4%, p < 0.001). Notably, EMWA achieved the highest classifying accuracy in the no-delay time series (90.0%, AUC = 0.899), followed by the weekly load change rate under the 5-day delay time series (88.9%, AUC = 0.841).EWMA without delay is a more sensitive indicator for detecting injury risk.ConclusionEWMA without delay is a more sensitive indicator for detecting injury risk.
Although increasing evidence suggests potential iatrogenic injury from supplemental oxygen therapy, significant exposure to hyperoxia in critically ill patients is inevitable. This study shows that ...hyperoxia causes lung injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, prolonged inspiration of oxygen at concentrations higher than 80% is found to cause redox imbalance and impair alveolar microvascular structure. Knockout of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (Cxcr1) inhibits the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from neutrophils and synergistically enhances the ability of endothelial cells to eliminate ROS. We also combine transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis and find that CXCR1 knockdown promotes glutamine metabolism and leads to reduced glutathione by upregulating the expression of malic enzyme 1. This preclinical evidence suggests that a conservative oxygen strategy should be recommended and indicates that targeting CXCR1 has the potential to restore redox homeostasis by reducing oxygen toxicity when inspiratory hyperoxia treatment is necessary.
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•Prolonged exposure to 80% O2 leads to pulmonary vascular injury•ECs are dependent on Gln metabolism to maintain the intracellular redox homeostasis•Targeting CXCR1 has the potential to cope with oxygen toxicity
Qin et al. evaluate the lung toxicity of different oxygenation parameters in vivo and in vitro. They also describe the role of CXCR1 in regulating non-classical glutamine metabolism and redox homeostasis in endothelial cells, and they propose that targeting CXCR1 has the potential to cope with hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
Introduction Older stroke survivors usually experience various psychology disorders, such as post-stroke depression (PSD), which may be associated with high experiential avoidance (EA) and can ...seriously affect their quality of life. To date, the efficacy of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for older stroke survivors has not been established. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of group-based ACT on EA, PSD, psychological distress, and quality of life in older stroke survivors after group-based ACT. Methods and analysis This study is a randomized, single-blind, wait-list controlled, parallel-arm trial. A total of 66 stroke survivors will be randomly assigned to wait-list control group or intervention group. Participants in wait-list control group will receive treatment as usual (TAU), while the intervention group will receive group-based ACT once a week for eight weeks. The primary outcome measure being EA, and the secondary outcome measures being PSD, psychological distress, and quality of life. Results of the two groups will be blindly assessed by professional evaluators at baseline (T0), post-treatment (T1), and one-month follow up (T2). Discussion The results of this study will provide the first evidence for the effectiveness of a group-based ACT intervention in reducing EA, PSD, psychological stress, and improving quality of life for post-stroke survivors. Trial Registration ChiCTR2200066361. Keywords: Older stroke survivors, Group-based ACT, Experiential avoidance, Protocol
Peripheral nerve injury leads to severe neuropathic pain. Previous studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of physical exercise on alleviating neuropathic pain. Exercise regulating ...transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can improve several diseases and relieve neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury. Here, we investigated whether exercise could alleviate neuropathic pain by modulating TGF-β1 expression. We assessed mechanical and cold pain behavior and conducted molecular evaluation of the spinal cord. We found that spared nerve injury (SNI) led to mechanical and cold allodynia in the hind paw, elevated the expression of latency-associated peptide- (LAP-) TGF-β1, and activated astroglial in the spinal cord. Exercise decreases allodynia, astroglial activation, and LAP-TGF-β1 in SNI mice. Intrathecal injection of a TGF-type I receptor inhibitor attenuated exercise analgesia and enhanced astroglial activation. These findings demonstrate that exercise induces analgesia by promoting TGF-β1 activation and inhibiting astrogliosis. Our study reveals a new underlying mechanism for exercise-attenuated neuropathic pain in the maintenance stage of neuropathic pain after nerve injury.
To investigate the association between CT imaging features and survival outcomes in patients with primary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA).
Preoperative CT image findings were consecutively ...evaluated in 317 patients with resected IMA from January 2011 to December 2015. The association between CT features and long-term survival were assessed by univariate analysis. The independent prognostic factors were identified by the multivariate Cox regression analyses. The survival comparison of IMA patients was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method and propensity scores. Furthermore, the prognostic impact of CT features was assessed based on different imaging subtypes, and the results were adjusted using the Bonferroni method.
The median follow-up time was 52.8 months; the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival rates of resected IMAs were 68.5% and 77.6%, respectively. The univariate analyses of all IMA patients demonstrated that 15 CT imaging features, in addition to the clinicopathologic characteristics, significantly correlated with the recurrence or death of IMA patients. The multivariable analysis revealed that five of them, including imaging subtype (
= 0.002), spiculation (
< 0.001), tumor density (
= 0.008), air bronchogram (
< 0.001), emphysema (
< 0.001), and location (
= 0.029) were independent prognostic factors. The subgroup analysis demonstrated that pneumonic-type IMA had a significantly worse prognosis than solitary-type IMA. Moreover, for solitary-type IMAs, the most independent CT imaging biomarkers were air bronchogram and emphysema with an adjusted p value less than 0.05; for pneumonic-type IMA, the tumors with mixed consolidation and ground-glass opacity were associated with a longer DFS (adjusted
= 0.012).
CT imaging features characteristic of IMA may provide prognostic information and individual risk assessment in addition to the recognized clinical predictors.
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