A facile hydrothermal method combined with a mild ultrasonic means has been developed for the fabrication of a magnetically recyclable thin-layer MnO2 nanosheet-coated Fe3O4 nanocomposite. The ...photocatalytic studies suggest that the MnO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite shows excellent photocatalytic efficiency and stability simultaneously for the degradation of methylene blue under UV–vis light irradiation. Moreover, its good acid resistance and stable recyclability are very important for its future practical application as a photocatalyst. Magnetic measurements verify that the MnO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite possesses a ferromagnetic nature, which can be effectively separated for reuse by simply applying an external magnetic field after the photocatalytic reaction. This novel composite material may have potential applications in water treatment, degradation of dye pollutants, and environmental cleaning.
Abstract
The present study aims to establish a method of constructing a New Zealand rabbit spinal tuberculosis model by direct local infusion of
M. tuberculosis
H37Rv strain into the intervertebral ...disc space through the posterior lateral approach. Sixty-six New Zealand rabbits were pretreated with complete Freund's adjuvant and randomly divided into 4 group: the posterolateral approach model group (Group A, 25), ventral transverse process approach model group (Group B, 25), control group (Group C, 10), and blank group (Group D, 6). In Groups A and B, the bone holes were filled with gelatin sponge after drilling, and the local area was directly infused with 0.1 ml of
M. tuberculosis
H37Rv strain suspension. In Group C, the gelatin sponge was filled through the posterolateral approach and the local area was infused with 0.1 ml of normal saline suspension. In Group D, No specific treatment was performed. The general conditions of the experimental rabbits in each group were compared to those of a control group; the degree of vertebral body exposure, incision length, and complications of the two methods were compared; and the tuberculosis models were evaluated by imaging, histopathology, and bacterial culture. In Group A, the lateral side of the vertebral body was well exposed, the damage was mild, and no peritoneal rupture or gastrointestinal complications were observed. In Group B, the ventral side of the vertebral body and the intervertebral disc were exposed, and abdominal complications were more likely to occur. The survival rates of the experimental rabbits at 8 weeks after surgery were 92.0% in Group A, 88.00% in Group B, 90.0% in Group C, and 100% in Group D. MRI examinations showed that in Group A, the positive rate of radiographic bone findings was 86.9% at 4 weeks after surgery and 100% at 8 weeks after surgery; in Group B, the positive rate of radiographic bone findings was 78.2% at 4 weeks after surgery and 95.4% at 8 weeks after surgery. There was no significant difference between Groups A and B in the radiographic bone findings rate detected by the same imaging method at the same time point (
P
> 0.05). Eight weeks after surgery, bone destruction, paravertebral abscess, and caseous necrosis occurred in the vertebral bodies of surviving rabbits in Groups A and B. The BacT/ALERT 3D rapid culture system was used to culture the pus in the lesion, and the results showed that the positive rate of tuberculosis was 52.17% in Group A and 54.54% in Group B, and the difference was not statistically significant (
P
> 0.05). After pretreatment with complete Freund's adjuvant, direct infusion of the H37Rv strain of
M. tuberculosis
into the intervertebral disc space of New Zealand rabbits via the posterolateral approach and the ventral transverse process approach can successfully establish rabbit spinal tuberculosis models.
HER2 becomes the standard of care for guiding adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer with trastuzumab in recent years. However, the usage of this target agent is still limited because of the resistance ...to trastuzumab or the negative expression of HER2 in tumor tissues. The Gli1 and HER2 both play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. However, the correlation of them is still unclear. Here we found Gli1 and HER2 are highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues, and they are positively related. Next, we found Gli1 positive patients live a shorter survival time no matter HER2 positive or negative. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that venous invasion, HER2 expression, Gli1 expression were independent prognostic factors for the survival time in gastric cancer. In addition, suppressing the expression level of Gli1 can decrease the cell viability and migration ability in cells and subcutaneous tumors. Finally, we found that HER2 may regulate Gli1 by Akt-mTOR-p70S6K pathway. Inhibit of HER2 and SMO have synergistic effect on reduction of cell viability. In conclusion, Gli1 is a favorable prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. As a novel target, Gli1 worth further study, especially in Her2-targeted therapy-resistant cancers.
Hepatic immunity is one of the driving forces for the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and targeting gut microbiota is believed to affect the hepatic immune constitution. Here, we ...aimed to investigate the hepatic immunological state in NASH, with a specific emphasis on natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, we aimed to identify the contributing species that target hepatic immunity to provide new directions and support the feasibility of immunotherapy for NASH. A possible NASH population was determined by combination of long-term severe fatty liver, metabolic disorders and increased serum CK18 to detect serum immune factors and gut microbiota. NASH was induced in mice fed a high-fat diet to verify the prophylactic effect of the functional species on the immunopathology and development of NASH. Hepatic immunologic state was examined, and the effector functions of NK cells were detected. Hepatic transcriptome, proteomic, and fecal metagenome were performed. We observed a statistical increase in serum IL-10 (p < 0.001) and non-statistical decrease in interferon-γ and IL-6 in NASH population, hinting at the possibility of immune tolerance. Fecal Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum were abundant in healthy population but depleted in NASH patients. In NASH mice, hepatic CD8+T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells were increased (p < 0.01), and NK cells were inhibited, which were identified with decreased granzyme B (p < 0.05). Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum improved hepatic pathological and metabolic cues, increased hepatic NK cells and reduced macrophages (p < 0.05). Bacteroides uniformis also restored hepatic NK cell function, which was identified as increased CD107a (p < 0.05). Transcriptional and translational profiling revealed that the functional species might restore the function of hepatic NK cells through multiple pathways, such as reduction of inhibitory molecules in NK cells. Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum are novel prophylactics for NASH that restore the impaired function of hepatic NK cells.
A surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) immunosensor for the detection of microcystin-LR was developed using Au nano-crosses as fluorescence enhancement nanoparticles and cy5 as a fluorescence label ...molecule. The SEF effects of cy5 in the proximity of Au nanorods and gold nano-crosses was investigated by using Au nanorods or nano-crosses coated negative-charged glass surfaces. Fluorescence measurements indicated that SEF was influenced by the size, shape and distribution of the Au nanoparticles, with an appropriate spacer layer between the Au nanoparticles and the cy5. The enhancement factor was from 2.3- to 35-fold. Under optimal conditions, the SEF immunosensor exhibited a good linear response at microcystin-LR concentrations of 0.02–16ngmL−1 (R2=0.9981). The limit of detection was 0.007ngmL−1 with little adsorption of microcystin-RR, microcystin-LW, and microcystin-LF. High microcystin-LR recoveries were obtained from naturally contaminated fish samples. The SEF immunosensor allows the reliable detection of microcystin-LR in seafood, and has potential in simple, sensitive detection applications.
•A sensitive surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) immunosensor for microcystin-LR was developed.•Gold nano-crosses as fluorescence enhancement nanoparticles label molecule were developed.•SEF effect was influenced by the size, shape and distribution of the gold nanoparticles with enhancement factor 2.3 to 35 folds.
Abstract
Purpose
To determine the population attributable fraction (PAF) of fatty liver disease (FLD) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare it to the PAFs of other metabolic abnormalities.
...Methods
We conducted a 10-year retrospective cohort study of 33,346 individuals in Karamay Central Hospital of Xinjiang. Individuals were followed up for T2DM occurrence based on FBS. The PAFs of FLD were calculated generally and respectively in different sex and age groups. A comparison of the PAF of FLD and that of other metabolic abnormalities, as well as the PAFs of FLD in different groups classified based on age and sex, was performed using Cox regression.
Results
During an average follow-up period of 3.71 years, 1486 T2DM were diagnosed. The incidence density of T2DM was 1.2/100 person-years, and cumulative incidence rate was 4456.31/100,000 person-years. Partial PAF (PAF
p
) of FLD in the entire population was 23.11%. In the male population, PAF
p
was higher at 30–40 years old. In the female population, it was higher when age ≥ 60 years old. In multivariable Cox regression model, FLD, male sex, age ≥ 45 years old, overweight, hypertriglyceridaemia, and systolic hypertension were independent risk factors for T2DM, with corresponding PAF
p
of 25.00%, 24.99%, 36.47%, 24.96%, 5.71%, and 6.76%, respectively. Age ≥ 45 years old showed the highest PAFp and adjusted hazard ratio, followed by FLD.
Conclusions
FLD contributes more to T2DM incidence than other metabolic disorders. Particular attention should be given to male populations of 30–40 and female populations above 60 for FLD prevention and treatment.
Objective
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is currently the main cause of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in women. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological ...characteristics of HPV genotypes among women in Yueyang city and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in this city.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 125,604 women who had received treatment from eight hospitals in Yueyang city from September 2019 to September 2022. Analysis of the prevalence of HPV in patients.
Results
The prevalence of HPV was 20.5% (95%CI: 20.2–20.7%), of which the high-risk type (HR-HPV) accounted for 17.5% (95%CI: 17.3–17.7%) and the low-risk type (LR-HPV) accounted for 5.0% (95%CI: 4.9–5.1%). Among the HR-HPV subtypes, the top five in prevalence, from the highest to the lowest, were HPV52 (5.1%), HPV16(2.7%), HPV58 (2.6%), HPV53 (2.4%), and HPV51 (1.7%). The main LR-HPV infection types were HPV81 (2,676 cases, OR = 2.1%; 95%CI, 2.0–2.1%). Among the infected patients, 19,203 cases (OR = 74.3%; 95%CI, 73.8–74.9%) had a single subtype, 4,673 cases (OR = 18.1%; 95%CI, 17.6–18.6%) had two subtypes, and 1957 cases (OR = 7.6%; 95%CI, 7.3–7.9%) had three or more subtypes. HPV prevalence is highest among women <25 years, 55–64 years and ≥ 65 years of age.
Conclusion
The prevalence of HPV in women in Yueyang city was 20.5%, with HR-HPV being dominant. As women aged <25 years, 55–64 years, and ≥ 65 years are at a relatively higher risk, more attention should be paid to them for prevention and control of HPV infections.
A simple longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) assay for the simultaneous detection of Pefloxacin and Microcystin-LR in seafoods has been developed for the first time using ...antibody-functionalized gold nanorods as signal probes and antigen-ovalbumin modified biological magnetosomes as signal amplification probes. The gold nanorods exhibit two different LSPR peaks, at around 695nm and 863nm, the positions of which were sensitive to changes in the local environment but can be subjected to simultaneous UV–vis detection. The biological magnetosomes produced by the magnetotactic bacteria not only act as a substrate for the immobilization of artificial antigen, but also enable signal enhancement and rapid separation, because of good dispersivity, biocompatibility and superparamagnetic properties. Under optimal conditions, magnetosome-enhanced LSPR assays showed a good linear response over the range 1–20ngmL−1 (R2=0.9978 and R2=0.9992) with little adsorption to Enrofloxacin, Sarafloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Microcystin-RR, Microcystin-LW, and Microcystin-LF, and compared with magnetosome-free LSPR assays, the response signal was amplified 2.5–5.0 fold. Furthermore, LSPR assays were successful in the analysis of Pefloxacin and Microcystin-LR in naturally contaminated seafood samples and high recoveries were achieved. Indications are that this LSPR assay promises reliable simultaneous detection of Pefloxacin and Microcystin-LR in seafoods, and holds the potential of novel applications in exploiting this multiple simultaneous UV–vis detection.
•A simple UV assay for the simultaneous detection of Pefloxacin and Microcystin-LR was developed.•Modified gold nanorods exhibiting two different peaks were applied to simultaneous UV detection.•Artificial antigen (antigen-OVA) modified biological magnetosome as signal amplification probes.
In bolted connection structures, some nonlinear effect takes place when the ultrasonic wave travels through the contact area of the parts, and this contact nonlinear characteristics is influenced by ...the preload of bolts. In this study, an improved empirical mode decomposition (IEMD) algorithm is developed to extract the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) related to the preload-dependent nonlinear characteristics, and then these ones are reconstructed. At last, the normalized sample entropy of the new signal is employed for bolt preload and loosening state detection. To validate this new method, an experimental setup with four specimens is designed and fabricated. The experimental results of three specimens show that the normalized entropy decreases monotonously from 1.35 to 1 as the tightening torque increases from 5Nm to 20Nm. Moreover, the Pearson's coefficient r of the fitted lines is greater than 0.99, and the relative errors of the slope and intercept of the fitted lines are no more than 3.0%. After this linear relationship is obtained, the tightening torque of the fourth specimen is estimated, and the relative error between the estimated and actual torque of specimen is 0.8% ~ 7%, which demonstrates that this proposed method can detect the tightening torque accurately. In addition, compared to the traditional energy-based index, the saturation phenomenon is not observed in the entropy when the torque is near to the rated one, which indicates that the new approach can identify the early loosening state of bolts and its identification performance is much more efficient.
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