In this study, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of acetylene black/peroxydisulfate (AB/PDS) system for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) treatment in aqueous solution. The results ...indicate that SMX in aqueous solution could be decomposed effectively by AB/PDS system.
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Acetylene black (AB), as a kind of carbon material with large specific surface area, low density, strong electron transferability, is supposed to have great potential for application in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this study, AB was utilized as a peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator for the catalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in aqueous media. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques, zeta potential and Raman spectra were employed to characterize the features of AB. To verify the excellent performance of AB/PDS systems, a series of control experiments were carried out. Compared to graphite/PDS and biochar/PDS system, AB/PDS system could complete degradation of SMX within 15 min. Besides, the effects of key factors including AB dosage, PDS dosage, initial pH and SMX concentration on SMX degradation in AB/PDS system were elucidated systematically. Furthermore, through the radical quenching experiments, it was proved that singlet oxygen (1O2) was dominantly responsible for the degradation of SMX. Finally, based on the experiment results and comprehensive analysis, a probable reaction mechanism of AB/PDS system for SMX degradation was proposed. This work suggests that AB has a good potential for tackling the hazardous pollutants in environmental remediation.
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Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) is a forward-looking strategy to convert renewable energy into fuel. Herein, we show that the novel Sb-doped SnS2 nanosheets were synthesized by ...a simple hydrothermal method for efficient electroreduction of CO2, and the atomic ratio of Sb/Sn was controllable. The introduction of Sb significantly enhanced the current density and Faradaic efficiency for formate products compared to pristine SnS2 nanosheets. When the Sb content was 1%, the Sb-SnS2 nanosheets achieved a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 90.86% for formate products at −1.1 V vs. RHE. The experimental results showed that 1% Sb-doped SnS2 nanosheets changed the electronic structure of the Sn element, allowing the catalyst to reconfigure to generate Sn0 during the electrochemical reaction, while the singlet tin had a synergistic effect with Sn4+, making it easier to transport electrons on the surface and promoting the activation process of CO2, which is a key factor to improve the electroreduction performance of CO2.
Vision transformer architectures attract widespread interest due to their robust representation capabilities of global features. Transformer-based methods as the encoder achieve superior performance ...compared to convolutional neural networks and other popular networks in many segmentation tasks for medical images. Due to the complex structure of the brain and the approximate grayscale of healthy tissue and lesions, lesion segmentation suffers from over-smooth boundaries or inaccurate segmentation. Existing methods, including the transformer, utilize stacked convolutional layers as the decoder to uniformly treat each pixel as a grid, which is convenient for feature computation. However, they often neglect the high-frequency features of the boundary and focus excessively on the region features. We propose an effective method for lesion boundary rendering called TransRender, which adaptively selects a series of important points to compute the boundary features in a point-based rendering way. The transformer-based method is selected to capture global information during the encoding stage. Several renders efficiently map the encoded features of different levels to the original spatial resolution by combining global and local features. Furthermore, the point-based function is employed to supervise the render module generating points, so that TransRender can continuously refine the uncertainty region. We conducted substantial experiments on different stroke lesion segmentation datasets to prove the efficiency of TransRender. Several evaluation metrics illustrate that our method can automatically segment the stroke lesion with relatively high accuracy and low calculation complexity.
In the study of transmission line fault location, most of the previous artificial intelligence-based location methods rely heavily on feature extraction of fault signals, which depend on the ...researcher’s level of analytical understanding of fault characteristics and require some experience. In addition, previous location methods are more sensitive to line parameters, and the machine learning model obtained based on a specific line is not applicable to other lines, which restricts the application of the method. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a double-ended combined fault location model based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), which combined Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM). First, different transmission lines are categorized by MMD. Second, a double-ended CNN-LSTM combination model is built for similar lines, which autonomously extracts fault features in an end-to-end form, and then the weights of combination model are determined by the Q-learning algorithm. Finally, we obtain the fault distance prediction. Simulation studies show that the CNN-LSTM double-ended combined model based on MMD has good generalization performance for lines with different parameters, cracking the problem of specialized modeling of different lines while meeting the requirement of fault location accuracy.
Although the role of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine(DOPA)in mussel foot proteins (mfps) in the realization of underwater bonding has been widely recognized, the role of the polarity of the polymer ...was largely overlooked. Here, by systematically comparing the underwater bonding properties of four mussel-inspired adhesives with different amide/lactam contents but similar catechol contents and molecular weights, we came to the conclusion that the polarity of the polymers also contributes to the strong underwater bonding. With the increase in the amide/lactam contents, the polarity of the polymeric adhesive increases, which correlates to the improved underwater bonding strength. A dielectric constant is introduced to evaluate the polarity of the polymer, which may be used as a guidance for the design of mussel-inspired adhesives with even better underwater bonding properties.
Persistent luminescence is a unique visual phenomenon that occurs after cessation of excitation light irradiation or following oxidization of luminescent molecules. The energy stored within the ...molecule is released in a delayed manner, resulting in luminescence that can be maintained for seconds, minutes, hours, or even days. Organic persistent luminescence materials (OPLMs) are highly robust and their facile modification and assembly into biocompatible nanostructures makes them attractive tools for in vivo bioimaging, whilst offering an alternative to conventional fluorescence imaging materials for biomedical applications. In this review, we give attention to the existing limitations of each class of OPLM-based molecular bioimaging probes based on their luminescence mechanisms, and how recent research progress has driven efforts to circumvent their shortcomings. We discuss the multifunctionality-focused design strategies, and the broad biological application prospects of these molecular probes. Furthermore, we provide insights into the next generation of OPLMs being developed for bioimaging techniques.
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Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a high-speed forming process with significant potential for manufacturing bipolar plates. However, titanium's low conductivity requires the use of a driver sheet in ...traditional EMF, limiting its formability improvement. This study proposed a novel electromagnetic forming method with independent loading of the magnetic field and current (EMF-ILMFC), enabling separate application of electromagnetic force and Joule heating. The dynamic deformation behavior of ultra-thin titanium was investigated using three different loading methods: quasi-static (QS), electromagnetic bulging with driver sheets (EMB-DS), and electromagnetic bulging with the new method (EMB-ILMFC). The study revealed that the forming limit under EMB-ILMFC was significantly higher than under EMB-DS and QS, with a maximum improvement of 139.1%. Numerical simulations and experimental analyses were conducted to elucidate the thermal effects on formability during dynamic deformation. The results indicate that thermal effects reduce flow stress, extend the duration of inertia and high strain rates, and thereby improve the formability of titanium.
•This work systematically analyzed the expression patterns and clinical correlations of mitochondria-associated lncRNAs in osteosarcoma patients.•We generated mitochondria-associated lncRNA signature ...and molecular patterns effective for supervising the immune features and clinical stratification management of osteosarcoma.•We comprehensively investigated the co-expression network of mitochondria-related genes and lncRNAs and evaluated their subcellular localization and pan-cancer landscape.
Mitochondrial damage is related to the functional properties of immune cells as well as to tumorigenesis and progression. Nevertheless, there is an absence concerning the systematic evaluation of mitochondria-associated lncRNAs (MALs) in the immune profile and tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma patients. Based on transcriptomic and clinicopathological data from the TARGET database, MAL-related patterns were ascertained by consistent clustering, and gene set variation analysis of the different patterns was completed. Next, a MAL-derived scoring system was created using Cox and LASSO regression analyses and validated by Kaplan-Meier and ROC curves. The GSEA, ESTIMATE, and CIBERSORT algorithms were utilized to characterize the immune status and underlying biological functions in the different MAL score groups. MAL-derived risk scores were well stabilized and outperformed traditional clinicopathological features to reliably predict 5-year survival in osteosarcoma cohorts. Moreover, patients with increased MAL scores were observed to suffer from poorer prognosis, higher tumor purity, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Based on estimated half-maximal inhibitory concentrations, the low-MAL score group benefited more from gemcitabine and docetaxel, and less from thapsigargin and sunitinib compared to the high-MAL score group. Pan-cancer analysis demonstrated that six hub MALs were strongly correlated with clinical outcomes, immune subtypes, and tumor stemness indices in various common cancers. Finally, we verified the expression patterns of hub MALs in osteosarcoma with qRT-PCR. In summary, we identified the crosstalk between prognostic MALs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma, providing a potential strategy to ameliorate clinical stratification management.
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•State-of-the-art MOFs-based materials in SR-AOPs for environmental remediation are overviewed.•The synthetic strategies of multifarious MOFs-based materials are summarized.•The ...effects of structure on the catalytic activities and the circumstance of radical and non-radical pathways are discussed.•DFT for the exploration of possible mechanisms in MOFs-based SR-AOPs are exhibited.•Prospects are highlighted for future research in the field of MOFs-based SR-AOPs.
Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based materials as the emerging catalysts for sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) applications have progressively become a burgeoning research field. Herein, an in-depth overview of state-of-the-art MOFs-based materials currently available in SR-AOPs applications for environmental remediation is presented. The synthetic strategies of different types of MOFs-based materials are summarized. Most importantly, particular emphasis is placed on the applications of MOFs-based materials in SR-AOPs for wastewater treatment. Identification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from the radical and non-radical pathways is addressed. Moreover, the theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to predict and explore the possible reaction mechanisms in MOFs-based SR-AOPs are summarized and discussed. Special attention has been focused on the effects of structure on the catalytic activities and the circumstance of radical and non-radical reaction mechanisms in MOFs-based SR-AOPs. Finally, the unresolved challenges of the existent MOFs-based SR-AOPs are pointed out and the outlooks of future research directions are proposed.
Metal leaching and catalytic stability are the key issues in Fenton-like reaction. Herein, a hollow yolk-shell nanoreactor (HYSCN) with shell confined Co species was fabricated for peroxymonosulfate ...(PMS) activation to degrade carbamazepine (CBZ). The uniform Co nanoparticles were completely anchored in a hollow void, further confined by a porous N-doped carbon shell. The unique construction significantly reduces Co species leaching in PMS activation and enhances catalytic stability. Co leaching came from HYSCN dropped by almost fourfold compared to CN-8 without shell confined (0.403 mg/L to 0.120 mg/L). The catalytic stability is also greatly improved, confirming the dominant role of heterogeneous catalysis in the HYSCN/PMS system. HYSCN exhibits excellent catalytic performance compared to a solid structure (SCSCN), demonstrating the significance of hollow structures. Mechanism study found that HO•, SO4•– and 1O2 induced in HYSCN/PMS system and the relative contributions were distinguished and quantified by stoichiometric methods. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to identify the CBZ degraded intermediate products and the possible degradation pathway was proposed. This study will provide theoretical guidance for reducing metal leaching and improving catalytic stability in the PMS activation.
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•Well-defined hollow yolk-shell Co-NC nanoreactor was fabricated facilely.•Metal leaching reduced and catalytic stability enhanced in the system.•The presence of shell caused the dominant role of heterogeneous reaction.•The relative contributions of ROS were distinguished and quantified.•HYSCN-8 displayed excellent recyclability and general applicability.
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