We characterize single-qubit Clifford gate operations with randomized benchmarking in a 2D array of neutral-atom qubits and demonstrate global and site selected gates with high fidelity. An average ...fidelity of F2=0.9983(14) is measured for global microwave-driven gates applied to a 49-qubit array. Single-site gates are implemented with a focused laser beam to Stark shift the microwaves into resonance at a selected site. At Stark selected single sites we observe F2=0.9923(7) and an average spin-flip crosstalk error at other sites of 0.002(9).
The cosmogenic isotope 41Ca with a half-life of 99,000 years can, in principle, serve as a tracer for environmental processes at an age scale beyond the reach of 14C. With accelerator mass ...spectrometry, the ratio of 41Ca/Ca has been measured down to the 10−15 level in natural samples. A wide range of potential applications, such as the burial dating of bones and exposure dating of rocks, require measuring even smaller 41Ca/Ca ratios in the range of 10−16 to 10−15. Here we achieved this by employing the atom-trap trace analysis method in which individual 41Ca atoms are selectively captured in a magneto-optical trap and counted by detecting their fluorescence. We realized a precision of 12% on the 41Ca/Ca ratio at the level of 10−16 and achieved a detection limit at the level of 10−17, which is below the distribution of natural abundances. We verified the accuracy of the 41Ca/Ca results through a series of measurements of reference samples, and performed demonstration analyses on bone, rock and seawater samples. Our table-top method has the potential to explore the suitability of 41Ca as a tracer.The calcium isotope 41Ca is a promising candidate to complement dating methods relying on radiocarbon. Small levels of 41Ca can be measured with atom-trap trace analysis, which brings the use of 41Ca a step closer to applications.
Background
Dysfunction of airway epithelial cells in patients with asthma is closely with the occurrence and development of allergic asthma. Finding the differences of airway epithelium between ...asthmatic patients and normal patients is helpful to find out new treatment strategies.
Methods
First, three original microarray datasets (GSE89809, GSE41861, GSE104468) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset were used to assess differentially expressed genes in the epithelial tissues between patients with allergic asthma and healthy controls. Then, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 treated BEAS-2B cells and rats with ovalbumin induced allergic asthma were performed to confirm our assumption from the gene expression analysis with microarrays.
Results
Top ten hub significant difference genes were obtained by Cytohubba plug-in from GSE41861, and found that androgen receptor (AR) was closely associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, especially MAPK1 and MAPK14. After treated with the TGF-β1 treated BEAS-2B cells and rats with allergic asthma, we found that 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), AR agonist, significantly decreased the Th2 inflammation (IL-25 and IL-33), MAPK1 and MAPK14 proteins expression in vitro and in vivo. The roles of 5α-DHT were similar with the results of chicanine (a p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 inhibitor), but the roles of 5α-DHT were masked by the C16-PAF (a MAPK and MEK/ERK activator) treatment.
Conclusion
Androgen receptor limits the secretion of Th2 inflammatory factors by downregulating MAPK1 and MAPK14 in the TGF-β1 treated BEAS-2B cells and rats with ovalbumin induced allergic asthma, which plays a critical role for the therapeutics of patients with asthma.
Our objective was to characterize the fungal microbiota on normal ocular surface of humans with the culture-based method and high-throughput sequencing approach.
A total of 45 adults were recruited ...from an urban community, and 90 conjunctival swabs were obtained, one from each eye of each participant. One of the two swabs from each participant was randomly chosen and allocated to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing, and the other was subjected to conventional fungal cultivation.
Four filamentous fungi were isolated from the 45 samples using the culture-based method, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Phialophora and Trichoderma. In the other 45 samples, 18 samples were positive for PCR amplification and sent for subsequent ITS sequencing. A total of 518 703 valid reads were generated and assigned into 467 operational taxonomic units. Overall, 4 phyla and 94 genera were identified. Two phyla, Basidiomycota (78.67%) and Ascomycota (19.54%), and five genera, Malassezia (74.65%), Rhodotorula (1.93%), Davidiella (1.89%), Aspergillus (1.25%) and Alternaria (0.61%), which accounted for >80% of the fungal microbiome and presented in >80% of the individuals tested, constituted the possible ‘core fungal taxa’ on normal ocular surface.
The fungal microbiome on normal ocular surface of humans was identified using the high-throughput sequencing method, providing a basis for further investigations on the potential role of the fungal microbiota in ocular health and disease.
There has been a substantial growth in using carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite materials in aerospace and automotive industries due to their superior properties. This experimental ...study presents results from a comprehensive and systematic study investigating the effects of cryogenic cooling on drilling performance and surface integrity characteristics of CFRP composite material. Experimental data on cutting edge radius of drill bit, outer corner wear of drill bit, trust force, torque, delamination factor, and surface integrity characteristics, including borehole subsurface damage and diameter error of drilled hole, are presented and analyzed comparing dry drilling with cryogenic cooling of CFRP composite material. The findings demonstrate that cryogenic cooling has a profound effect on reducing the cutting edge rounding of drill bit and outer corner wear; it also helps enhancing the surface integrity characteristics of produced hole. However, cryogenic cooling generates larger thrust force, torque, and thus larger delamination factor.
High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) coil is widely used in high field magnets and normally operated at cryogenic temperature for higher magnetic field. In conduction cooling system, copper plate ...is connected with the coil and the second stage of cryocooler due to its excellent thermal conductivity. Also, copper plate can be connected electrically with the coil as a shunt where current can flow through. An electro-thermal interface is formed when quench occurs. However, the shunt may delay the charging process and generate joule loss. In this work, a D-shaped no insulation (NI) coil is fabricated with constant winding tension and tested based on 20 K conduction cooling system. Charging/discharging process is conducted at different temperature range by adjusting heater. The copper plate shows a significant current sharing path to protect the coil. And the heat can be taken away by cryocooler rather lead to a hot spot. This passive protection method for HTS coil is verified to be effective in large magnet system.
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