Currently, biomanufacturing technology and industry are receiving worldwide attention. However, there are still great challenges on bioprocess optimization and scale-up, including: lacing the process ...detection methods, which makes it difficult to meet the requirement of monitoring of key indicators and parameters; poor understanding of cell metabolism, which arouses problems to rationally achieve process optimization and regulation; the reactor environment is very different across the scales, resulting in low efficiency of stepwise scale-up. Considering the above key issues that need to be resolved, here we summarize the key technological innovations of the whole chain of fermentation process, i.e., real-time detection-dynamic regulation-rational scale-up, through case analysis. In the future, bioprocess design will be guided by a full lifecycle in-silico model integrating cellular physiology (spatiotemporal multiscale metabolic models) and fluid dynamics (CFD models). This will promote computer-aided design
We cloned a cell division cycle PsCdc2 from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) and analyze its expression profile.
Using PCR and RT-PCR methods, we isolated the cDNA and genomic DNA sequences ...of PsCdc2. We analyzed the amino acid sequence of PsCdc2 using bioinformatic softwares. In addition, Real time RT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression pattern of PsCdc2 at different time points after wheat inoculated.
A 2279 bp DNA sequence of PsCdc2 was cloned and comprised of 11 extrons and 10 introns. The cDNA sequence of PsCdc2 included a complete 885 bp open reading frame and encoded a putative protein composed of 294 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 33.14 KDa and a pI of 6.26. PsCdc2 contained two conserved kinase domains and a transmembrane domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PsCdc2 showed high similarity with Cdc2 from Puccinia graminis (73.1%), Cryptococcus neoformans (72.4%) and Ustilago maydis (70.4%), respectively. Real time RT-PCR analysis showed that in compatible interaction b
A fault-tolerant control method is proposed for dual-permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive in the application of electric vehicles. After the inverter fails, the faulty leg is immediately ...disconnected from the drive by means of hardware isolation. The proposed method based the improved hysteresis controller is adopted to "sum" the currents of the failed bridge legs and directly drive the remaining five legs, which keeps the two motors running steadily even if there is a fault in the inverter. Finally, the effectiveness of the fault-tolerant method proposed in this paper is validated by the experiment.
Because of the thin optical depth, the cirrus cloud is one the clouds that commonly overlooked as clear sky by the cloud mask products. To study the influence of cirrus clouds on the satellite ...thermal infrared (TIR) data estimated sea surface temperature (SST), the MODIS Terra SST products are used in this study. Six buoy stations measured sea temperatures are acquired from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). In addition, the cirrus optical depth are calculated based on the cirrus reflectance of MODIS cloud mask products. The SST pixels with MODIS cloud products labeled as confident clear-sky and cirrus reflectance flag is cirrus or contrail pixel are taken as cirrus pixels. Taking buoy sea temperatures as the true values, the MODIS SST errors are between 1.2 K and -0.6 K. In addition, five stations' MODIS SST are tend to underestimated as cirrus optical depth increase.
We consider the problem of planning path of a ¿data mule¿ in a cluster based sensor networks. Recent research shows that significant energy saving can be achieved by using this mobile data collection ...nodes. Although a data mule (DM) can reduce the energy consumption of the cluster head (CH), it increases the latency from the time the CH gain the data to the time the base station receives it. To address this issue, we propose a dynamic data mule path selection algorithm which called probabilistic path selection (PPS). In surveillance sensor networks, sensor nodes transmit data to CH only when event is detected. Some clusters which did not detect the event would have no data to transmit for power consumption. In this circumstance, DM ignores these CHs to shorten the length of path. The PPS algorithm can reselect the path based on the probability of CH obtaining data. The simulation shows that our algorithm can significantly reduce the data latency and satisfy the user's delay requirement simultaneously.
BACKGROUNDPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive heterogeneous group of conditions with variable clinical findings. CASE PRESENTATIONA 36-year-old nonsmoking Chinese man present ...to the emergency department of our hospital with acute-onset breathlessness and sudden-onset left-sided chest pain. The patient had 6 years primary infertility and suffered from recurrent episodes of respiratory tract infections since childhood. Chest X-ray was performed, which showed a left-sided pneumothorax with lung collapse. His conditions improved in clinical symptoms after 3 days of closed thoracic drainage. Radiographic findings after lung recruitment revealed bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis but no situs inversus. Paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) showed maxillary sinusitis and ethmoid sinusitis. Pulmonary function tests demonstrated severe obstructive ventilation functional impairment. Bronchial mucosal cilia showed the absence of both outer and inner dynein arms of the microtubules (ODA and IDA). A culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. His clinical symptoms and CT images showed improvement after 1 month of treatment. A literature review revealed that few patients are diagnosed with PCD complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax. Within one year of follow-up, the patient showed good responses to local ICS+ LA beta2 agonist combined with oral carbocistein. CONCLUSIONSPneumothorax might be one of the complications of the PCD. Combination therapy including ICS+ LA beta2 agonist and carbocistein could be a potential therapy to reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations and delay progression of PCD.
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