Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles undergoing cycles of fusion and fission to modulate their morphology, distribution, and function, which are referred as 'mitochondrial dynamics'. ...Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is known as the major pro-fission protein whose activity is tightly regulated to clear the damaged mitochondria via mitophagy, ensuring a strict control over the intricate process of cellular and organ dynamics in heart. Various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of Drp1 have been identified including phosphorylation, SUMOylation, palmitoylation, ubiquitination, S-nitrosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, which implicate a role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. An intact mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for heart to fuel contractile function and cardiomyocyte metabolism, while defects in mitochondrial dynamics constitute an essential part of the pathophysiology underlying various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the critical role of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of CVDs including endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary arterial hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. We also highlight how the targeting of Drp1 could potentially contribute to CVDs treatments.
The ability to selectively forge C–heteroatom bonds by C−F scission is typically accomplished by metal catalysts, specialized ligands and/or harsh reaction conditions. Described herein is a ...base‐mediated defluorosilylation of unactivated C(sp2)−F and C(sp3)−F bonds that obviates the need for metal catalysts. This protocol is characterized by its simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and wide scope, even within the context of late‐stage functionalization, constituting a complementary approach to existing C−Si bond‐forming protocols.
Base motive: A base‐promoted defluorosilylation of unactivated C(sp2)−F and C(sp3)−F bonds, obviating the need for transition‐metal catalysis, specialized ligands, or harsh reaction conditions, has been developed. The salient features of this method are the mild reaction conditions, ease of execution, and wide substrate scope, even within the context of late‐stage functionalization of advanced fluorinated building blocks, thus offering a complementary reactivity mode to existing silylation technologies.
Polarized detection has been brought into operation for optics applications in the visible band. Meanwhile, an advanced requirement in short-wave near-infrared (SW-NIR) (700–1100 nm) is proposed. ...Typical IV–VI chalcogenides2D GeSe with anisotropic layered orthorhombic structure and narrow 1.1–1.2 eV band gappotentially meets the demand. Here we report the unusual angle dependences of Raman spectra on high-quality GeSe crystals. The polarization-resolved absorption spectra (400–950 nm) and polarization-sensitive photodetectors (532, 638, and 808 nm) both exhibited well-reproducible cycles, distinct anisotropic features, and typical absorption ratios α y /α x ≈ 1.09 at 532 nm, 1.26 at 638 nm, and 3.02 at 808 nm (the dichroic ratio I py/I px ≈ 1.09 at 532 nm, 1.44 at 638 nm, 2.16 at 808 nm). Obviously, the polarized measurement for GeSe showed superior anisotropic response at around 808 nm within the SW-NIR band. Besides, the two testing methods have demonstrated the superior reliability for each other. For the layer dependence of linear dichroism, the GeSe samples with different thicknesses measured under both 638 and 808 nm lasers identify that the best results can be achieved at a moderate thickness about 8–16 nm. Overall, few-layer GeSe has capacity with the integrated SW-NIR optical applications for polarization detection.
A planning of integrated electricity-hydrogen-gas system to supply hydrogen for hydrogen vehicles (HVs) with the consideration of carbon emission flow (CEF) is proposed in this article. From the ...perspective of energy consumption, hydrogen production will inevitably produce carbon dioxide. This article innovatively presents the CEF model to quantify the distribution of carbon emission in each energy hub by tracing the energy flow in the coupled network. After solving the CEF model, a novel tri-level planning method is utilized to coordinate the plan of electricity-hydrogen-gas integrated network to highlight the role of hydrogen in reducing carbon emission of HVs. Moreover, two major hydrogen production methods, seawater electrolysis and steam methane reforming, are considered and analyzed simultaneously to provide hydrogen for HVs. Therefore, the proposed approach will satisfy the growing requirement of carbon reduction by installing new clean energy equipment in electricity-hydrogen-gas integrated network. A coupling system of 24-node power system, 9-node hydrogen energy network, and 7-node natural gas network is utilized in the case study. Simulation results show that the proposed model plays an effective role in reducing carbon emission of the coupled system with growing number of HVs.
Background
The present study aims to investigate the prognostic role of systematic inflammatory and nutritional indexes in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) treated with first-line ...chemotherapy and atezolizumab.
Materials and methods
Prospective cohort population involving 53 patients were identified from NCT03041311 trial. The following peripheral blood-derived inflammatory and nutritional indexes, including neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), prognostic nutrition index (PNI), advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), and lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) were evaluated.
Results
The optimal cut-off values of the ALI, LMR, NLR, PLR, PNI, SII and SIRI were 323.23, 2.73, 2.57, 119.23, 48, 533.28 and 2.32, respectively. With a median follow-up of 17.1 months, the 1-year OS and PFS were 56% and 8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that PLR was the only independent prognostic factors for OS among ES-SCLC patients treated with chemotherapy and atezolizumab (HR 4.63, 95%CI: 1.00–21.46,
p
= 0.05). K-M analysis showed that the OS and PFS for patients with high PLR (> 119.23) were significantly poorer than these with low PLR (≤ 119.23) (
p
= 0.0004 for OS and
p
= 0.014 for PFS). In external validation set, prognosis of patients with high PLR was also significantly poorer than these with low PLR in terms of OS (
p
= 0.038) and PFS (
p
= 0.028).
Conclusion
Pre-treatment PLR could serve as a valuable independent prognostic factor for ES-SCLC who receive chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further, prospective studies are still needed to confirm our findings.
Since the appearance of Buddha, texts and images depicting his life have circulated across Eurasia, serving as significant mediums for disseminating Buddhist ideology. Japan has historically been ...influenced by the canon of Chinese Buddhism while concurrently striving to promote the indigenization of Buddhism. This endeavor reached its peak during the Edo period, notably exemplified in the Shaka goichidaiki zue, illustrated by the world-renowned artist Hokusai Katsushika. Originating from Buddhist believers, it presents an adaptation based on the socio-historical context of pre-modern Japan, particularly manifesting evident shifts in emphasizing royal authority, the salvation of females, and ethical relationships. Entering the Meiji era, this pre-modern illustrated manuscript underwent repeated printing, playing an important role in the modernization of Buddhism.
Numerous important events happen everyday and everywhere but are reported in different media sources with different narrative styles. How to detect whether real-world events have been reported in ...articles and posts is one of the main tasks of event extraction. Other tasks include extracting event arguments and identifying their roles, as well as clustering and tracking similar events from different texts. As one of the most important research themes in natural language processing and understanding, event extraction has a wide range of applications in diverse domains and has been intensively researched for decades. This article provides a comprehensive yet up-to-date survey for event extraction from text. We not only summarize the task definitions, data sources and performance evaluations for event extraction, but also provide a taxonomy for its solution approaches. In each solution group, we provide detailed analysis for the most representative methods, especially their origins, basics, strengths and weaknesses. Last, we also present our envisions about future research directions.
A Ni-catalyzed borylation via C–F activation is described. This protocol is distinguished by a wide scope, including unactivated fluoroarenes, without compromising its efficiency and scalability, ...thus representing a significant step-forward toward the implementation of C–F activation protocols.
In the framework of gravothermal evolution of an ideal monatomic fluid, I examine the dynamical instability of the fluid sphere in (N+1) dimensions by exploiting Chandrasekhar’s criterion to each ...quasi-static equilibrium along the sequence of the evolution. Once the instability is triggered, it would probably collapse into a black hole if no other interaction halts the process. From this viewpoint, the privilege of (3+1)-dimensional spacetime is manifest, as it is the marginal dimensionality in which the ideal monatomic fluid is stable but not too stable. Moreover, it is the unique dimensionality that allows stable hydrostatic equilibrium with positive cosmological constant. While all higher dimensional (N > 3) spheres are genuinely unstable. In contrast, in (2+1)-dimensional spacetime it is too stable either in the context of Newton’s theory of Gravity or Einstein’s General Relativity. It is well-known that the role of negative cosmological constant is crucial to have the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole solution and the equilibrium configurations of a fluid disk. Owing to the negativeness of the cosmological constant, there is no unstable configuration for a homogeneous fluid disk to collapse into a naked singularity, which supports the Cosmic Censorship Conjecture. However, BTZ holes of mass MBTZ > 0 could emerge from collapsing fluid disks. The implications of spacetime dimensionality are briefly discussed.
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