In the present study, four new sesquiterpenoids, chimonols A–D (compounds 1–4), together with four known compounds (5–8) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Chimonanthus praecox Link. The ...structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR), and their absolute configurations were established by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1–8 were evaluated for antimicrobial activities and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in 96-well culture plates. Compounds 1, 2, and 7 exhibited weak antibacterial effects for S. aureus (ATCC 6538), E. coli (ATCC 11775), and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) with MIC values being 158–249 µg·mL−1. Compounds 3–7 showed activities against C. glabrata (ATCC 2001) and S. aureus (ATCC 43300) with MIC values being 128–197 µg·mL−1. Compounds 1–4 showed activity against S. aureus (ATCC 25923) with MIC values being 162–254 µg·mL−1. The present study provided a basis for future evaluation of these compounds as antibacterial agents.
To investigate the 29-year (1985–2014) trends in body dimensions and physical fitness test performances among 12-year-old Chinese children living in urban and rural areas.
The data were from the ...findings of seven cross-sectional surveys from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health. In the seven surveys, there were 34,238; 11,664; 17,485; 18,057; 19,254; 17,962; and 17,906 children, respectively. Anthropometric measurements and physical fitness performances of 12-year-old Chinese children living in rural and urban areas were analyzed. Polynomial models were used to analyze trends in test performances. Analysis of variance was used to assess the urban–rural differentials.
The height and weight of both urban and rural children substantially increased from 1985 to 2014. Urban children were taller and heavier than rural children. A slight narrowing of the urban–rural differential in height was observed. The disparity in weight increased from 1985 to 2000 and decreased thereafter. Urban children performed better in most of the physical fitness tests examined, such as standing long jump, 50-m run, and sit-ups. The urban–rural disparity decreased from 1985 to 2014 in 50-m run, standing long jump, and sit-up score; the largest difference in 10 × 50 m run and pull-up score was observed in 2000 and 2005, respectively.
There was a general decline in physical fitness in both urban and rural children after 2000. Urgent, targeted actions need to be taken by public health policy officials and parents to maintain or improve the physical fitness of children.
Ubiquitin (Ub) extension proteins (UEPs) are fusion proteins of a Ub at the N terminus to a ribosomal protein. They are the main source of Ub and the only source of extension ribosomal protein. ...Although important roles of the Ub-26S proteasome system in various biological processes have been well established, direct evidence for the role of
genes in plant defense is rarely reported. In this study, we cloned a Ub-S27a-type
gene (
) from
and demonstrated its function in cell death and disease resistance. Virus-induced gene silencing of
led to intensive cell death, culminating in whole-seedling withering. Transient RNA interference (RNAi) of
caused strong cell death in infiltrated areas, while stable
RNAi tobacco plants constitutively formed necrotic lesions in leaves.
RNAi plants exhibited increased resistance to the oomycete
and viruses
and
while displaying decreased resistance to the nematode
compared with non-RNAi control plants. Transcription profiling analysis indicated that jasmonate and ethylene pathways, lipid metabolism, copper amine oxidase-mediated active species generation, glycine-rich proteins, vacuolar processing enzyme- and RD21-mediated cell death and defense regulation, and autophagy might be associated with
mediated cell death and resistance. Our results provided evidence for the important roles of plant UEPs in modulating plant cell death and disease resistance.
Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) in corneas > 820 microns in thickness. Methods: This retrospective study included 30 eyes of 30 ...patients who underwent DSAEK. Endothelial cell destiny (ECD) and corneal thickness were recorded before surgery and at 1 and 12 months postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups (≤ 820 microns and > 820 microns) based on median preoperative corneal thickness. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate the correlations between ECD and preoperative corneal thickness. Results: Recipient corneal thickness (RCT) and postoperative central cornea thickness had a statistically significant difference 1 month after surgery (p = 0.03, p = 0.08, respectively). BCVA and ECD did not have a statistical difference in the two groups at 1 month and 12 months after DSAEK. Conclusions: BCVA, ECD and corneal thickness were similar at 12 months after DSAEK in thick corneas. DSAEK is a viable surgical option in thick corneas.
To investigate the correlation between clinical indexes and pathological classifications in 202 patients with lupus nephritis (LN).
A total of 202 LN cases were retrospectively analyzed. All these ...patients met the four diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) of the American College of Rheumatology revised in 1997. The pathological diagnostic criteria of LN were in accordance with the pathological LN classification revised by the International Society of Nephrology and the Society of Kidney Pathology in 2003. The patients were scored according to the improved SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), and their basic data, clinical data, laboratory data, and pathological data were collected.
Among the 202 patients, the ratio of male to female was 1:5.73, and type IV was the most common pathological LN classification. There were differences in the urine analysis, hypertension incidence, blood cell analysis, blood lipids, renal function, plasma albumin, immunological indexes, renal pathological score among the different pathological types (
< 0.05). In the early finding of renal function damage of the patients, cystatin C sensitivity was significantly higher than that of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Multiple linear regression analysis show that there are strong correlations between AI and SLEDAI, 24hU-Pr, serum C3, serum ALB, BUN, creatinine, UA and PLT (
< 0.001); and there are correlations between AI and serum IgM, IgA, C4, TC and LDL-C (
< 0.05).
There is a clear correlation between pathological classifications and clinical indexes of LN.
Shen-PJ-2018-40, Study on Clinical and Molecular Mechanism of SLE.
Cell division consists of nuclear division (mitosis for somatic cells and meiosis for germ cells) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis). Embryonic developments are highly programmed, and thus, each ...cellular event during early embryo development is stable. For mouse embryos, the first time of mitosis is completed about 22 h after fertilization. However, it remains unclear when the embryo completes its first cytokinesis. Here, we microinjected only one cell in the 2-cell stage mouse embryos with mRNA, which encodes green fluorescence protein (GFP). By monitoring the GFP protein transport dynamics between the two cells, we demonstrated that the first time of cytokinesis in mouse embryos is completed about 15 h after mitosis, namely 37 h after fertilization. In addition, our results indicate that the cytoplasmic protein transport between daughter cells is very effective, which relies on microtubules instead of microfilaments in 2-cell mouse embryos. These results should enrich people's understanding of the first cell division and cytoskeleton in mouse embryos and then learn more about the mechanisms of early embryo development in mammals.
Our previous studies revealed that hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919), which acts as a selective 5-HT (serotonin) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and displays partial 5-HT
receptor agonist properties, exerts ...a significant antidepressant effect in various animal models. The aim of present research was to further investigate the pharmacology of YL-0919.
We first investigated the target profile of YL-0919 using
S-GTPγS binding and microdialysis. To determine whether the 5-HT or noradrenergic systems are involved in the antidepressant-like effect of YL-0919, the 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced head-twitch test and antagonism with a high dose of apomorphine were performed. Using the learned helplessness paradigm, the novelty suppressed feeding test, the Vogel-type conflict and elevated plus-maze test, we further verified the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects of YL-0919. The effects of YL-0919 on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and sexual behaviour were also evaluated.
Data from the present study demonstrated that YL-0919 displays partial 5-HT
receptor agonist properties, producing a greater impact on extracellular 5-HT levels than a conventional SSRI (fluoxetine), as well as significant antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Furthermore, YL-0919 treatment rapidly influenced the synaptic plasticity (enhancing LTP) of rats. Finally, at doses close to those producing antidepressant-like effects, YL-0919 did not result in a marked inhibition of sexual function.
These data suggest that YL-0919 is probably a fast-onset potent antidepressant with few side effects.
Objective To assess the current status of the acrylamide in the Chinese food supply, the dietary acrylamide exposure in the Chinese population and to estimate the public health risks of the current ...consumption. Methods The acrylamide content in the total diet study （TDS） food samples was analyzed using an LC-MS/MS method. Based on the analytical results, the dietary exposure calculations were performed using a deterministic method, combining mean acrylamide concentrations from the food group composite with their associated food consumptions. Results Acrylamide was detected in 43.7% of all samples collected and acrylamide concentration varied from ND to 526.6 I~g/kg. The estimated dietary intakes of acrylamide among Chinese general population given as the mean and the 95th percentile （P95） were 0.286 and 0.490 iJg.kg1 bw.day1, respectively. The margins of exposure （MOEs） for the population calculated using both benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a 10% extra risk of tumors in animals （BMDL10） 0.31 and 0.18 i~g.k8-1 bw-dayz, were 1069 and 621 for the mean dietary exposure, and 633 and 367 for the high dietary exposure respectively. Conclusion These MOE values might indicate a human health concern on acrylamide for Chinese population. Efforts should continue to reduce acrylamide levels in food in order to reduce the dietary risks to the human health.
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