Recently, the impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) and exosome on ovarian cancer has been assessed in many studies. We aim to explore the mechanism of exosomes transferring miR-205 in ovarian cancer, and ...confirm its diagnostic value in ovarian cancer.
The expression of miR-205 of ovarian cancer patients and healthy people was detected by RT-qPCR, and the diagnostic value of miR-205 was evaluated. The exosomes derived from SKOV3 cells were identified. Ovarian cancer SKOV3 donor cells and receptor cells were used to measure the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle by a series of experiments. The binding site between miR-205 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was evaluated by bioinformatics tool and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.
MiR-205 was up-regulated in ovarian cancer, and up-regulated miR-205 could enhance the risk of ovarian cancer and was one of its risk factors. After SKOV3 cells-derived exosomes were transiently introduced with miR-205 mimics, the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer were elevated, the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells was attenuated, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein E-cadherin was down-regulated, while Vimentin was elevated. VEGFA was identified to be a target gene of miR-205.
This study suggests that exosomes from donor ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 shuttled miR-205 could participate in the regulation of the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis as well as EMT progression of receptor SKOV3 cells by targeting VEGFA.
In recent years, multifunctional platinum nanoclusters (Pt-NCs) as new Pt-based anti-cancer drugs exhibit a promising therapeutic efficiency for several cancer diseases, especially for human ...pulmonary carcinoma. However, the endocytosis behaviors (like uptake pathway, etc.) and induced apoptosis mechanism of Pt-NCs for drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are still inconclusive. In this research, we explored the endocytic pathway of Pt-NCs in both typical NSCLC A549 cells and cisplatin-resistant A549/Cis cells through qualitative confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) measurement and quantitative flow cytometry (FCM) and inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis, by the means of introducing the specific inhibitors which impede the classical ways of endocytosis. It was found that Pt-NCs dominatingly entered A549 cells via caveolin-mediated endocytosis as well as A549/Cis cells through micropinocytosis approach. Pt-NCs possessed an excellent inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which the cell activity of A549 cells reduced to 14% and that of A549/Cis cells went down about four fifths. Moreover, Pt-NCs treatment increased caspase-3 protein levels and downregulated the expression of c-Myc and Bcl-2, proving the Pt-NCs-induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells was related to c-Myc/p53 and Bcl-2/caspase-3 signal pathways. These results demonstrate the explicit uptake pathway and apoptotic signaling pathway of Pt-NCs for NSCLC, which provides an in-depth and reasonable theoretical basis for the development of new Pt-NCs-based chemotherapeutics in future clinical practice.
Energy-dependent Pt-NCs enter A549 cells mainly via the caveolin-mediated endocytosis and A549/Cis cells through micropinocytosis, which further induces cells apoptosis by means of c-Myc/p53 and Bcl-2/caspase-3 signaling pathways. Display omitted
•The uptake of Pt-NCs in both NSCLC A549 cells and cisplatin-resistant A549/Cis cells is energy-dependent.•Pt-NCs mainly dominatingly enter A549 cells via the caveolin-mediated endocytosis.•The Pt-NCs’ endocytosis of cisplatin-resistant A549/Cis cells by the way of micropinocytosis.•Pt-NCs possess an excellent inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells.•Pt-NCs induced the apoptosis of NSCLC cells through the c-Myc/p53 and Bcl-2/caspase-3 signal pathways.
Recently, the incidence of hematological malignancy, such as various leukemias, multiple myeloma and lymphoma, has revealed an increasing tendency, exhibiting a major impact on human health. Most of ...the available anti-cancer drugs, however, possess high non-targeted accumulation, dosage-associated toxicity, fast elimination, and lack specificity towards tumors, which restrict their utilization in clinical therapy. This extends also to cancer diagnosis where there is a lack of predictive biomarkers.
Noble metal nanomaterials (NM NMs) have the potential to overcome these shortcomings due to several characteristics including ease of synthesis, ultra-small size, easy surface modification and specific physicochemical properties. At present, gold-, silver- and platinum-based nanomaterials have been employed in the tracing and treatment of hematopoietic tumors through direct individual endocytosis or in innovative drug delivery systems (DDS) by conjugation with other targeting biomolecules.
In this mini review, we focus on the use of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-/surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)- and fluorescence-based diagnosis of NM NMs in the hematological malignancies. Furthermore, the treatment of hematological malignancies utilized the NM NMs or NM NMs-based therapy technology in the chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and photothermal therapy are depicted in depth. The construction of effective and promising NM NMs or NM NMs- dependent theranostic methodology has the potential to provide interdisciplinary knowledge in the development of clinical tracing, diagnosis and treatment of refractory hematological diseases.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and most cancer patients receiving conventional chemotherapy suffer from severe side effects due to the non‐selective effects of ...chemotherapeutic drugs on normal cells. Targeted nanomaterials can obtain excellent accumulation at the tumor site through their active or passive targeting mechanisms, thereby reducing the toxicity of the drugs in various ways. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) which could specifically bind to CD44 on the surface of tumor cells, was used to modify amine‐caged platinum nanoclusters (Pt NCs‐NH2) to obtain targeting HA‐Pt NCs‐NH2. Based on the differential expression of CD44 on the surface of three lung cells (non‐small cell lung cancer cell H1299, small cell lung cancer cell H446, and embryonic lung fibroblast HFL1), HA‐Pt NCs‐NH2 can differentially enter the three cells and achieve their targeting of non‐small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) cells. Pt NCs significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells and induced their apoptosis in comparison of classical cisplatin and carboplatin, showing a bright future in early diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.
Hyaluronic acid‐functionalized platinum nanoclusters could differentially enter into three types of cells based on differential CD44 receptor expression. The nanocluster have shown specific targeting and inhibition behaviors on proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells.
Allanite is commonly encountered as an accessory rare-earth silicate mineral in association with minerals such as garnet, biotite, and feldspar. It is distributed globally and occurs in igneous ...formations such as granites, pegmatites, and syenites, as well as in various metamorphic rocks such as schist, gneiss, and amphibolite. Moreover, it can be found in mineral veins formed through hydrothermal activity. While allanite has not yet been extensively utilized for the production of rare-earth elements, recent discoveries of high-grade rare-earth-rich allanite deposits in Wyoming, USA, highlight its economic potential. However, despite ongoing research on the mineralogy and processing of rare-earth minerals, allanite has not received widespread attention in mineral processing. To achieve economical extraction of rare-earth elements from allanite in the future, systematic studies on processing techniques (e.g., density separation, magnetic separation, flotation, leaching) are imperative to fully unlock the potential of allanite as a rare-earth element source. To pave the way for future investigation of allanite and address the unique processing challenges, this review article aims to comprehensively summarize previous studies, encompassing properties, occurrences, and processing technologies of allanite.
•Zn sulfide precipitate was most stable and barely affected by the contaminants.•Simultaneous hydrolysis of Al3+ and HS− reduced the recovery of Ni and Co.•Fe2+ affected the precipitation ...characteristics via competitive precipitation.•Fe2+ sulfide precipitate also provided active adsorption sites.
In this study, the effects of Al3+ and Fe2+ on the precipitation characteristics of four valuable metals, including Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and Zn2+, were investigated by conducting solution chemistry calculations, sulfide precipitation tests, and mineralogy characterizations. It was found that the ability of the valuable metals to form sulfide precipitates followed an order of Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Mn2+. The sulfide precipitate of Zn2+ was the most stable and did not re-dissolve under the acidic condition (pH 4.00 ± 0.05). In addition, the sulfide precipitation characteristics of Zn2+ was barely affected by the contaminant metal ions. However, in the presence of Al3+, the precipitation recoveries of Mn2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ were noticeably reduced due to simultaneous hydrolysis and competitive adsorption. The precipitation recoveries of Ni2+ and Co2+ in solutions containing individual valuable metals also reduced when Fe2+ was present, primarily due to competitive precipitation. However, the recovery of Mn2+ was enhanced due to the formation of ferrous sulfide precipitate, providing abundant active adsorption sites for Mn species. In the solution containing all the valuable metals, Fe2+ promoted the recovery of the valuable metals due to the higher concentration of Na2S and the formation of ferrous sulfide precipitate.
•Cost-effective recovery of high-value metals from complex streams.•Promising economic feasibility of e-waste recycling at industrial scales.•A paradigmatic methodology for conducting economic ...analysis.•A software toolkit that streamlines the procedures for economic evaluations.•Identifying improvement strategies for achieving the optimal economy of scale.
The recycling of end-of-life (EoL) electronic products is motivated by the enormous investment of resources in their creation and the environmental concerns associated with electronic waste (e-waste). Hydrometallurgical methods that utilize conventional leaching and solvent extraction are often applied to extract target materials from e-waste; however, these techniques have significant technical and economic limitations when extracting high-value, low concentration metals from complex waste streams. This study proposes and evaluates a novel process based on gas-assisted microflow extraction (GAME) that efficiently recovers precious metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). An economic analysis is conducted to verify the economic feasibility of the GAME-based process at an industrial scale. The economic outputs are further investigated to identify the most cost-effective production strategies, particularly with respect to the plant feedstock rate. It is envisioned that this study may establish a paradigm for making economically-informed decisions for sustainable technologies.
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Given that currently used classical chemotherapeutic drugs lack the ideal therapeutic effect and produce severe side effects, platinum nanomaterials (Pt-NMs) have gradually gained attention, and ...their antitumor effect has been initially explored. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the action of Pt-NMs in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells remain unclear. Moreover, the interaction between Pt-NMs and autophagy in inducing apoptosis of NSCLC cells remains unexplored. In this study, we explored the anti-NSCLC effect of amine-caged Pt nanoclusters (Nano-Pt) using cell cycle, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy assays. We found that Nano-Pt significantly inhibited cell viability, reduced migration ability, caused DNA damage, induced S phase (period of DNA synthesis in the cell cycle) arrest, and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Nano-Pt also reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased permeability transition, and promoted apoptosis by upregulating Bax and PARP expression. Nano-Pt-induced apoptosis was accompanied by protective autophagy, which could be enhanced by autophagy inhibitors. Our findings on the biological behavior and the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis can provide the clear anti-NSCLC molecular mechanism of Nano-Pt, which have a promising potential for the development of novel Pt-based antitumor chemotherapy drugs with excellent curative efficacy and fewer side effects.
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•Nano-Pt causes cell S phase arrest and DNA damage in non-small cell lung cancer cells.•Nano-Pt reduces mitochondrial membrane potential.•Nano-Pt promotes apoptosis by activating the p53-Bax-caspase pathway.•Nano-Pt induced autophagy by up-regulating Beclin-1and LC3B.•Nano-Pt combined autophagy inhibitor 3-MA intentinonally promotes cell apoptosis.
Lung cancer remains the most common fatal malignant disease, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is merely 6%. In this research, the platinum nanocluster (short for nano-Pt) was ...used for optical imaging without the help of other fluorescent probes and possess targeted antitumor activity as well as low systemic toxicity. The endocytic pathway and distribution of nano-Pt in non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC H1299 cells was explored by the means of quantitative and qualitative tests. Furthermore, the targeting capability and antitumor efficiency of nano-Pt was detected by intravital imaging experiment and antitumor experiment. The research implies that nano-Pt entered H1299 cells dominatingly through macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway, and has significant antitumor efficiency, targeting properties and reliable safety for mouse tumor, indicating this nano-Pt has great potential for clinical diagnosis and therapy of NSCLC H1299 cells.
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•First determining the endocytosis pathway of nano-Pt for non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells.•Nano-Pt entered H1299 cells mainly through macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway.•Nano-Pt were confined as agglomerates with different sizes, possibly located in cytoplasm, lipid vesicles as well as acidic lysosome inside of H1299 cells.•Nano-Pt exhibited the significant targeted antineoplastic efficacy and reliable safety to other organs in vivo.
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