This research performed four experiments to investigate the influence of infant schema cues on charitable donation intention and examine the moderating effect of gender. The results indicate that: ...(1) individuals stimulated by infant schema (vs. adult schema) cues had a higher willingness to donate when facing charity promotion; (2) the main effect was not due to the perceived cuteness of character in posters; (3) empathy played an entirely mediating role in the relationship between infant schema cues and donation intention; (4) gender moderated the influence of infant schema on donation intention: infant schema cues are effective for improving females’ donation intention, but ineffective for males. These findings contributed to the literature on infant schema and provide practical significance for introducing infant schema in charity promotion.
•Exposure to immoral behavior increases the preference for bounded product designs.•The effect is mediated by a heightened desire for control.•Exposure to immoral behavior also increases the ...preference for irregular designs.•Thus, exposure can prompt both consistent and compensatory consumption.•The consumption outcome is moderated by the consumer’s desire for structure.
This research investigates how exposure to immoral behavior affects boundary preferences. Across five experimental studies with diverse types of immoral behavior, products, and measures of boundary preference, we show that exposure to immoral behavior increases the preference for a product with a bounded design over a product with an unbounded design—an example of compensatory consumption. The effect is mediated by a heightened desire for control. It is eliminated when the immoral behavior has been punished by an external agent and among consumers with a low chronic desire for structure. Depending on the products available, exposure to immoral behavior can also lead to consistent consumption: an increase in the preference for a product with an irregular design, which matches the momentary feeling of lacking control. We demonstrate consumers with a high (low) chronic desire for structure gravitate toward compensatory (consistent) consumption following exposure to immoral behavior, providing implications for targeted marketing.
The rational design of high‐performance flexible pressure sensors attracts attention because of the potential applications in wearable electronics and human–machine interfacing. For practical ...applications, pressure sensors with high sensitivity and low detection limit are desired. Here, ta simple process to fabricate high‐performance pressure sensors based on biomimetic hierarchical structures and highly conductive active membranes is presented. Aligned carbon nanotubes/graphene (ACNT/G) is used as the active material and microstructured polydimethylsiloxane (m‐PDMS) molded from natural leaves is used as the flexible matrix. The highly conductive ACNT/G films with unique coalescent structures, which are directly grown using chemical vapor deposition, can be conformably coated on the m‐PDMS films with hierarchical protuberances. Flexible ACNT/G pressure sensors are then constructed by putting two ACNT/G/PDMS films face to face with the orientation of the ACNTs in the two films perpendicular to each other. Due to the unique hierarchical structures of both the ACNT/G and m‐PDMS films, the obtained pressure sensors demonstrate high sensitivity (19.8 kPa−1, <0.3 kPa), low detection limit (0.6 Pa), fast response time (<16.7 ms), low operating voltage (0.03 V), and excellent stability for more than 35 000 loading–unloading cycles, thus promising potential applications in wearable electronics.
A flexible, highly sensitive, and low operating voltage pressure sensor is fabricated based on carbon nanotube/graphene hybrid films and hierarchical microstructured polydimethylsiloxane films molded from natural leaves. The sensor has high sensitivity (19.8 kPa−1, <0.3 kPa), a low detection limit (0.6 Pa), fast response time (<16.7 ms), low operating voltage (0.03 V), and excellent stability for over 35 000 cycles.
A new fault detection and tolerance (FDT) control strategy for current sensors of permanent magnet synchronous machine drive in filed-oriented control mode was introduced in this paper, based on the ...reasonable estimation of current amplitude. The propounded method can be applied to deal with a single or double signal-loss faults (two concurrent or independent faults), and shows the capability of online revision to gain variation and zero offset. Compared with the conventional observer-/model-based fault detection methods for current sensors, the proposed method only requires the information of three-phase currents and the position of motor rotor, instead of an accurate system model with explicit parameters. The improved simplicity and reliability makes this new method especially useful for FDT of current sensors in a real-time control system with limited computational capability. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed approach has been validated by extensive experiments under a wide variety of working conditions.
Silk is a widely available, edible, biocompatible, and environmentally sustainable natural material. Particulate matter (PM) pollution has drawn considerable attention because it is a serious threat ...to public health. Herein, we report a human-friendly silk nanofiber air filter, which exhibits superior filtration efficiency for both PM
2.5
and submicron particles with obviously low pressure drop and low basis weight compared to typical commercial microfiber air filters. Additionally, other functions such as antibacterial activity could be easily integrated into the silk nanofiber air filters, enabling the fabrication of multifunctional air filters. All the above characteristics, combined with the natural abundance and biocompatibility of silk, suggest a great potential for the use of silk nanofibers as air filters, especially as comfortable and personal air purifiers.
Flavivirus nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A) plays important roles in both viral RNA synthesis and virion assembly. The molecular details of how the NS2A protein modulates the two distinct events have ...not been defined. To address this question, we have performed a systematic mutagenesis of NS2A using dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 (DENV-2) as a model. We identified two sets of NS2A mutations with distinct defects during a viral infection cycle. One set of NS2A mutations (D125A and G200A) selectively abolished viral RNA synthesis. Mechanistically, the D125A mutation abolished viral RNA synthesis through blocking the N-terminal cleavage of the NS2A protein, leading to an unprocessed NS1-NS2A protein; this result suggests that amino acid D125 (far downstream of the N terminus of NS2A) may contribute to the recognition of host protease at the NS1-NS2A junction. The other set of NS2A mutations (G11A, E20A, E100A, Q187A, and K188A) specifically impaired virion assembly without significantly affecting viral RNA synthesis. Remarkably, mutants defective in virion assembly could be rescued by supplying in trans wild-type NS2A molecules expressed from a replicative replicon, by wild-type NS2A protein expressed alone, by a mutant NS2A (G200A) that is lethal for viral RNA synthesis, or by a different mutant NS2A that is defective in virion assembly. In contrast, none of the mutants defective in viral RNA synthesis could be rescued by trans-complementation. Collectively, the results indicate that two distinct sets of NS2A molecules are responsible for DENV RNA synthesis and virion assembly.
Dengue virus (DENV) represents the most prevalent mosquito-borne human pathogen. Understanding the replication of DENV is essential for development of vaccines and therapeutics. Here we characterized the function of DENV-2 NS2A using a systematic mutagenesis approach. The mutagenesis results revealed two distinct sets of NS2A mutations: one set of mutations that result in defects in viral RNA synthesis and another set of mutations that result in defects in virion assembly. trans-Complementation analysis showed that mutants defective in viral RNA synthesis could not be rescued by wild-type NS2A; in contrast, mutants defective in virion assembly could be successfully rescued by wild-type NS2A or even by a mutant NS2A that is incompetent to support viral RNA synthesis. These results support a model in which two distinct sets of NS2A molecules are responsible for DENV RNA synthesis (located in the viral replication complex) and virion assembly (located in the virion assembly/budding site). The study confirms and extends our understanding of the two critical roles of flavivirus NS2A in viral RNA synthesis and virion assembly.
Flexible and rechargeable Zn–air batteries, because of their high energy density, low cost, and environmental and human benignity, are one kind of the most attractive energy systems for future ...wearable electronics. The development of high-performance rechargeable Zn–air batteries depends on the synthesis of highly efficient and highly stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER). Herein, a silk-derived defect-rich and nitrogen-doped nanocarbon electrocatalyst SilkNC/Ketjenblack (KB) is reported. The SilkNC/KB is synthesized by pyrolyzing commercially available porous KB carbon impregnated with silk fibroin. It exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activities and long-term stability for the ORR/OER, enabling its applications in high-performance liquid and solid rechargeable Zn–air batteries. Particularly, the all-solid-state Zn–air battery based on SilkNC/KB exhibits good flexibility and remarkable charge/discharge stability, enabling its promising applications in wearable and energy-efficient batteries.
In distribution networks, time asynchrony exists between the phasor measuring unit (PMU) at both ends of a line, and the effective measurement time of the devices is short, leading to insufficient ...accuracy in phasor measurements. This paper proposes a fault location method for distribution networks that employ an additional inductance strategy to address the limited location accuracy caused by time asynchrony and the inadequate accuracy of phasor measurement devices. The method enhances the stability and accuracy of phase measurement by connecting an additional inductance after the online circuit breaker, thus extending the effective measurement time. It uses the symmetrical component method to obtain the positive-sequence and negative-sequence networks following a fault. Time asynchrony is treated as an equivalent asynchronous phase angle, which is then applied to the positive and negative-sequence voltage components. The impact of time asynchrony is mitigated by compensating for the phase angle difference using the ratio of the positive-sequence voltage component to the negative-sequence voltage component. This approach provides the fault location function and has improved the accuracy of fault location, which is advantageous for rapid fault repair.
Background:
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression with respect to genetic alternations has not been well established in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in the Asian ...population.
Methods:
We reviewed 1370 NSCLC patients from a prospectively maintained database. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using the VENTANA (SP142) anti-PD-L1 antibody. The tumor proportion score (TPS) cutoff values were set at ⩾1% and ⩾50%, and the immune proportion score (IPS) cutoff values were set at ⩾1% and ⩾10%.
Results:
In tumor cells, PD-L1 positivity was observed in 405 (29.6%), 122 (8.9%), and 27 (2.0%) patients with TPS cutoff values at ⩾1% and ⩾50%. Contrastingly, TILs of 1154 (84.2%) and 346 (25.3%) patients stained positive at IPS cutoff values of ⩾1% and ⩾50%, respectively. PD-L1 expression was more common in patients who were mutation-negative irrespective of the TPS cutoff values and tumor size. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was less frequent in patients harboring EGFR mutations (18.8% TPS ⩾ 1% and 4.6% TPS ⩾ 50%). Conversely, PD-L1 expression was high in the presence of KRAS mutations (47.3% TPS ⩾ 1% and 22.5% TPS ⩾ 50%). Overall, KRAS, BRAF, PICK3A, MET mutations and ROS1 and RET translocations were more frequent, while EGFR and HER2 mutations and ALK translocations were less frequent compared with the overall PD-L1 expression levels. Although the difference between TILs among the PD-L1-positive cases was comparatively small, PD-L1 positivity was less prevalent in EGFR-mutated tumors and more common in those with KRAS mutations, ROS1 translocations, BRAF mutations, or MET mutations.
Conclusion:
Our study showed the heterogeneity in PD-L1 expression with respect to nine major oncogenic drivers in China. Future studies are warranted to further clarify the association between PD-L1 expression and driver mutations in NSCLC.
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