To analyze pathogenic characteristics of viral diarrhea in children aged <5 years in Hebei Province and provide reference for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea in children.
Stool samples ...were collected from in-patients with diarrhea under five years old from sentinel hospitals in Lulong County of Hebei between 2010 and 2020. ELISA detected rotavirus antigen, and then positive samples were genotyped by semi nested reverse transcription PCR of two rounds. Calicivirus, genotyping astrovirus, and adenovirus were detected by real-time fluorescence quantification PCR. The data were analyzed by using software SPSS 20.0.
In 2 925 detected stool samples, 1 919 (65.61%) were positive. The positive rates of rotavirus, calicivirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus were 42.80% (1 252/2 925), 22.12% (647/2 925), 6.19% (181/2 925), 3.56% (104/2 925). Viral diarrhea was mainly caused by rotavirus infection, accounting for 59.30% (1 017/1 715) between 2010 and 2017, and by calicivirus infection accounting for 53.43% (109
Summary
What is known and objective
Statins are the cornerstone of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are effective for the prevention of vascular events in ...diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for CVDs .The majority of patients with diabetes mellitus benefits from statin therapy. According to the recent clinical guidelines of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, moderate‐intensity or high‐intensity statin therapy should be used as the primary prevention for individuals with diabetes mellitus, aged between 40 and 75 years and with low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) from 70 to 189 mg/dL. The objective of this review was to compare the associations of individual statins with their adverse effects on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched from inception through March 2017. There were included randomized controlled trials comparing statins with placebo or active comparators in patients with T2DM. The endpoints of interest were glycated haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). We performed a pairwise meta‐analysis and a network meta‐analysis within a frequentist framework. The standard mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
Results
Twenty‐three trials were included. A significant increase in HbA1c was detected in the pairwise meta‐analysis when statins as a class were compared with placebo (SMD: 0.11). Moderate‐intensity pitavastatin lowered HbA1c compared with moderate‐intensity atorvastatin (SMD: −0.16), high‐intensity atorvastatin (SMD: −0.77), moderate‐intensity rosuvastatin (SMD: −0.16) and low‐intensity pravastatin (SMD: −0.15). Moderate‐intensity simvastatin lowered HbA1c compared with high‐intensity rosuvastatin (SMD: −0.45) and high‐intensity atorvastatin (SMD: −0.77). High‐intensity atorvastatin elevated HbA1c compared with placebo (SMD: 0.63), moderate‐intensity rosuvastatin (SMD: 0.50), low‐intensity pravastatin (SMD: 0.51) and moderate‐intensity atorvastatin (SMD: 0.50). Moderate‐intensity pitavastatin has lowered FPG compared with placebo (SMD: −0.55), moderate‐intensity rosuvastatin (SMD: −0.65), moderate‐intensity atorvastatin (SMD: −0.65) and high‐intensity atorvastatin (SMD: −1.25). High‐intensity atorvastatin has elevated FPG compared with placebo (SMD: 0.70), moderate‐intensity atorvastatin (SMD: 0.60), moderate‐intensity rosuvastatin (SMD: 0.60) and moderate‐intensity simvastatin (SMD: 0.90).
What is new and conclusion
Statins were associated with an increase in HbA1c compared with placebo. In patients with T2DM, moderate‐intensity pitavastatin improved the glycemic control whereas high‐intensity atorvastatin worsened it. Appropriate statins should be administered for patients with diabetes mellitus.
Results of direct comparisons were listed in the upper triangle, and Results of network meta‐analysis were listed in the lower triangle. The estimation was calculated as the column‐defining treatment compared with the row‐defining treatment. NA: not available.
An online coupled regional climate‐chemistry model called RegCCMS is used to investigate the interactions between anthropogenic aerosols and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) over East Asia. The ...simulation results show that the mean aerosol loading and optical depth over the region are 17.87 mg/m2 and 0.25, respectively. Sulfate and black carbon (BC) account for approximately 61.2% and 7.8% of the total aerosols, respectively. The regional mean radiative forcing (RF) is approximately −3.64, −0.55, and +0.88 W/m2 at the top of the atmosphere for the total aerosol effect, the total aerosol direct effect, and the BC direct effect, respectively. The surface direct RF of BC accounts for approximately 31% of the total RF of all aerosols. Because of the total aerosol effect, both the energy budgets and air temperature are considerably reduced in the region with high aerosol loadings, leading to decreases in the land‐ocean air temperature gradient in summer. The total column‐absorbed solar radiation and surface air temperature decrease by 8.4 W/m2 and 0.31 K, respectively. This cooling effect weakens horizontal and vertical atmospheric circulations over East Asia. The wind speed at 850 hPa decreases by 0.18 m/s, and the precipitation decreases by 0.29 mm/d. The small responses of solar radiation, air temperature, and atmospheric circulations to the BC warming effect are opposite to those of the total aerosol effect. The BC‐induced enhancement of atmospheric circulation can increase local floods in south China, while droughts in north China may worsen in response to the BC semidirect effect. The total aerosol effect is much more significant than the BC direct effect. The East Asian summer monsoon becomes weaker due to the total aerosol effect. However, this weakness could be partially offset by the BC warming effect. Sensitivity analyses further indicate that the influence of aerosols on the EASM might be more substantial in years when the southerlies or southwesterlies at 850 hPa are weak compared with years when the winds are strong. Changes in the EASM can induce variations in the distribution and magnitude of aerosols. Aerosols in the lower troposphere over the region can increase by 3.07 and 1.04 µg/m3 due to the total aerosol effect and the BC warming effect, respectively.
Key Points
Online RegCCMS is used to investigate the interactions between aerosol and EASM
EASM got weak due to total aerosols, and the weakness was partially offset by BC
Changes in EASM lead to increases in each aerosol from surface to low layers
Abstract
Mechanical sensitivities (such as friction and impact sensitivity) are the most important evaluation index to characterize the risk of energetic materials (EMs), as they are the most common ...stimulus during preparation, transportation and usage of EMs. Recently, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been found to be effective in reducing mechanical sensitivities of EMs with small amount of addition. This review covers updated researches of the desensitization of EMs by using fullerenes, expanded graphite (EG), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and graphene oxide (GO), their desensitization results and relative mechanisms are summarized. It has been shown that graphene and its derivatives are more effective due to their superior thermal conductivity and layered structure.
The electron temperature fluctuation-induced dynamo electric field has been measured in the core of high-temperature EAST tokamak plasmas by Faraday-effect polarimetry and electron cyclotron ...emission. It is found that a dynamo electric field primarily arises from the coherent interaction between radial magnetic-field fluctuations and electron temperature fluctuations associated with the internal kink instability, acting to self-regulate the current profile to prevent sawtooth magnetic reconnection.
Recent studies have furthered our understanding of the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in numerous biological processes, including cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the ...expression of lncRNA SBF2-AS1 (SBF2-AS1) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to investigate its effect on HCC cells.
Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we detected SBF2-AS1 expression in HCC cell lines and primary tumor tissues. The associations between SBF2-AS1 expression and the clinicopathological factors and outcome of HCC patients were statistically analyzed. MTT assay and transwell assay were performed to determine the proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. In addition, we evaluated the activation of Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (EMT) pathway by Western blot.
We found that SBF2-AS1 expression levels were significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines compared with the corresponding noncancerous liver tissues and normal hepatic cell line. In addition, high SBF2-AS1 expression levels were correlated with vein invasion (p = 0.008) and TNM stage (p = 0.013). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that high expressions of SBF2-AS1 were correlated with shorter overall survival of HCC patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis identified high SBF2-AS1 expression as an unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival. Further functional analysis demonstrated that knockdown of SBF2-AS1 significantly inhibited HCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we found that SBF2-AS1 could promote the activation of EMT pathway, which was demonstrated by measuring the expression levels of EMT-related markers.
SBF2-AS1 might be considered as a novel molecule involved in HCC development, which provides a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Abstract Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric complication facing stroke survivors and has been associated with increased distress, physical disability, poor ...rehabilitation, and suicidal ideation. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PSD remain unknown, and no objective laboratory-based test is available to aid PSD diagnosis or monitor progression. Methods Here, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic approach was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in plasma samples obtained from PSD, stroke, and healthy control subjects. Results The significantly differentiated proteins were primarily involved in lipid metabolism and immunoregulation. Six proteins associated with these processes – apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV), apolipoprotein C-II (ApoC-II), C-reactive protein (CRP), gelsolin, haptoglobin, and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) – were selected for Western blotting validation. ApoA-IV expression was significantly upregulated in PSD as compared to stroke subjects. ApoC-II, LRG, and CRP expression were significantly downregulated in both PSD and HC subjects relative to stroke subjects. Gelsolin and haptoglobin expression were significantly dysregulated across all three groups with the following expression profiles: gelsolin, healthy control > PSD > stroke subjects; haptoglobin, stroke > PSD > healthy control. Conclusions Early perturbation of lipid metabolism and immunoregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of PSD. The combination of increased gelsolin levels accompanied by decreased haptoglobin levels shows promise as a plasma-based diagnostic biomarker panel for detecting increased PSD risk in post-stroke patients.
The influence of sulfur anions known to exist in sulfide-containing Bayer solutions on the corrosion of 16Mn low-alloy steel was investigated by laboratory tests. The high-temperature weight-loss ...tests, means of anodic polarization curves, and cyclic voltammetry were conducted to characterize the influence of sulfur anions on Bayer solution corrosiveness and to examine the origins of the corrosion acceleration or deceleration that was observed. Results indicate that the sulfide was found to increase significantly the corrosion rate of the steel and impair the ability of the steel to passivate, and, hence, could be described as corrosion activators. Thiosulfate had no effect on the corrosion of the steel in Bayer solutions without sulfide. Furthermore, it could decrease the corrosion rate and anodic current density of the steel in Bayer solutions in the presence of sulfide, and could be described as sulfide corrosion inhibitors. Sulfite and sulfate had no effect.
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a non-cytolytic, neurotropic RNA virus that can infect a wide variety of vertebrate species from birds and primates to humans. Several studies have been carried out to ...investigate whether BDV is associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. However, this association is still inconclusive. Two panels of subjects consisting of 1,679 various neuropsychiatric patients and healthy people from three western China provinces were enrolled in this study. BDV p24 or p40 RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected in the first panel of 1,481 subjects using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the BDV RNA-positive individuals were subjected to BDV p24 antibodies testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BDV p24 or p40 RNA in PBMCs and p24 antibodies in plasma were detected in the second panel of 198 subjects by RT-qPCR and Western blot. A higher prevalence for BDV RNA was demonstrated in patients with viral encephalitis (6.70 %), Guillain–Barré syndrome (6.70 %), schizophrenia (9.90 %) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (12.70 %) compared to healthy controls in the first panel. CSF p24 antibodies were demonstrated in three viral encephalitis patients, two schizophrenia patients and two major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. The prevalences of p24 antibodies in plasma from patients with viral encephalitis (13.24 %), multiple sclerosis (25.00 %) and Parkinson’s disease (22.73 %) were significantly higher than healthy controls. This study demonstrates that BDV infection also exists in humans from three western China provinces, and suggests the involvement of the contribution of BDV in the aetiology of Chinese patients with some neuropsychiatric disorders, including viral encephalitis, schizophrenia, CFS, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease.
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