It is common knowledge that bullying victimization and coping strategies significantly affect the psychological well-being of children. However, which coping strategies are more effective at a ...particular level of bullying victimization is underexplored. Using survey data from 1,634 children from 10 schools in Wuhan, China, this study aims to investigate the abovementioned research gap. The results of factor analysis suggest that coping strategies of children in China can be divided into three types: help-seeking, avoidance, and self-defense. The results of multilevel modeling suggest that children adopting different coping strategies have distinct levels of depression. Help seekers show a significantly lower level of depression than self-defenders and avoiders. However, with increased bullying victimization, the effectiveness of the help-seeking strategy gradually decreases to offset the negative effect of bullying victimization on psychological well-being. Instead, those who adopt the self-defense strategy display a lower level of depression. The findings of this study suggest that there is no single coping strategy that is best for children, and the more effective strategy largely relies on the level of bullying victimization. The findings also imply that without external support, it is almost impossible for children to completely overcome the negative consequences of bullying on their own.
Scant attention has been paid to how risk perceptions of public health crises may affect people's mental health.
: The aims of this study are to (1) construct a conceptual framework for risk ...perception and depression of people in public health crises, (2) examine how the mental health of people in the crisis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affected by risk perception and its associated factors, including distance perception of the crisis and support of prevention and control policies, and (3) propose policy recommendations on how to deal with psychological problems in the current COVID-19 crisis.
: Online questionnaire survey was implemented. A total of 6373 people visited the questionnaire online, 1115 people completed the questionnaire, and the number of valid questionnaires was 1081. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis.
: Risk perception and its associated factors significantly affect the mental health of people in public health crises. Specifically, (1) distance perception of public health crises is negatively associated with depression among people, (2) affective risk perception is positively associated with depression of people in public health crises, (3) cognitive risk perception is negatively associated with depression of people in public health crises, and (4) support of prevention and control policies is negatively associated with depression of people in public health crises.
: The findings of this study suggest that risk perception plays an important role in affecting the mental health of people in a public health crisis. Therefore, health policies aiming to improve the psychological wellbeing of the people in a public health crisis should take risk perception into consideration.
The welfare system can be a crucial factor in the urban settlement of rural migrants, but its effects are difficult to determine because to do so one must distinguish the effect of welfare ...entitlement from the effect of ‘migrant selectivity bias’, which widely exists in cities in developing countries. Using survey data from 15 Chinese cities, this study examines the ways in which social insurance – the most critical social welfare package in China – affects rural migrants’ urban-settlement intentions. The results show that there is a ‘migrant selectivity bias’ in Chinese cities, that is, rural migrants who are better off socio-economically are more inclined to participate in social insurance and are more inclined to pursue permanent urban settlement. Meanwhile, social insurance participation is significantly and positively related to rural migrants’ urban-settlement intentions, and this positive relation remains even after we discount the effect of ‘migrant selectivity bias’ in the analysis. We argue that, for rural migrants in China, the effect of social insurance participation on urban settlement intentions closely resembles that experienced by those who move to migration-managed regimes. We conclude that the Chinese government should establish a more inclusive social welfare system to enable rural migrants to permanently settle in cities.
The growing number of rural–urban migrants in China has made it important to understand the factors contributing to this migration. By using data from a nationally representative survey and ...multilevel logistic regression, this study examines the extent to which the health of rural–urban migrants influences their settlement intention in the cities chosen as their destinations. It goes beyond past studies by disentangling the complexity of settlement intention into short- and long-term decisions, and by examining the moderating role of social support provided by the host society. The results of regression analysis revealed that physical and mental health play a crucial role in shaping the settlement intention of migrants, but their effects are not always identical in cases of short- and long-term intentions. Migrants consider their mental rather than physical health when reporting short-term settlement intention, and assign greater importance to physical health than mental health when indicating long-term settlement intention. Furthermore, the relationship between migrants’ health and their settlement intention is moderated by social support from local residents and the local neighbourhood. These results highlight the importance of reducing health inequality across social groups to allow for inclusive urbanization in China.
Swelling deformation tests of Kunigel bentonite and its sand mixtures were performed in distilled water and NaCl solution. The salinity of NaCl solution has a significant impact on the swelling ...properties of bentonite, but not on its surface structure. The surface structure was characterized using the fractal dimension Ds. Based on the fractal dimension, a unique curve of the em-pe relationship (em is the void ratio of montmorillonite and pe is the effective stress) at full saturation was introduced to express the swelling deformation of bentonite-sand mixtures. In mixtures with a large bentonite content, the swelling deformation always followed the em-pe relationship. In mixtures with a small bentonite content, when the effective stress reached a threshold, the void ratio of montmorillonite em deviated from the unique em-pe curve due to the appearance of a sand skeleton. The threshold of vertical pressure for mixtures in different solutions and the maximum swelling strains were estimated using the em-pe relationship. The good agreement between estimates and experimental data suggest that the em-pe relationship might be an alternative method for predicting the swelling deformation of bentonite-sand mixtures in salt solution.
Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of visualizing and quantifying the normal pattern of vortex formation in the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle ...(RV) of the fetal heart during diastole using vector flow mapping (VFM). Methods A total of 36 healthy fetuses in the second trimester (mean gestational age: 23 weeks, 2 days; range: 22–24 weeks) were enrolled in the study. Color Doppler signals were recorded in the four-chamber view to observe the phase of the diastolic vortices in the LV and RV. The vortex area and circulation were measured, and parameters such as intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD), intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG), and average energy loss (EL_AVG) were evaluated at different diastolic phases, including isovolumic relaxation (D1), early diastole (D2), and late diastole (D3). Results Healthy second-trimester fetal vortex formations were observed in both the LV and RV at the end of diastole, with the vortices rotating in a clockwise direction towards the outflow tract. There were no significant differences in vortex area and circulation between the two ventricles (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found in IVPD, IVPG, and EL_AVG among the diastolic phases (D1, D2, and D3) (p < 0.05). Trends in IVPD, IVPG, and EL_AVG during diastole (D1-D2-D3) revealed increasing IVPD and EL_AVG values, as well as decreasing IVPG values. Furthermore, during D3, the RV exhibited significantly higher IVPD, IVPG, and EL_AVG compared to the LV (p > 0.05). Conclusion VFM is a valuable technique for analyzing the formation of vortices in the left and right ventricles during fetal diastole. The application of VFM technology has the potential to enhance the assessment of fetal cardiac parameters.
Previous studies have not adequately articulated the intergenerational differences in social identity of rural–urban migrants in China. Using survey data from Wuhan, China, the study tests three ...hypotheses on intergenerational differences in rural–urban migrants’ social identity based on first-generation and new-generation migrants’ attitudes toward rural and urban society. Results suggest that first-generation migrants are more likely to view themselves as rural rather than urban citizens. However, new-generation migrants tend to regard themselves as neither peasants nor urban citizens, which means that their identity reconstruction is at a stalled status. The identity perplexity of new-generation migrants suggests that they may be in danger of falling into the second-generation decline because there is a mismatch between their aspirations and the practical situation of their identity integration. This article highlights that when analyzing rural–urban migrants’ social identity, it is very important to consider the role of generation and rural–urban migrants’ attitudes toward their background society. Furthermore, the study suggests that in a rural–urban dichotomized society without institutional and social support, rural–urban migrants’ identity integration will not be achieved. Therefore, the Chinese government needs to build an institutionally and socially inclusive society.
This study goes beyond housing ownership and investigates how housing size, quality, and location affect the mental health of rural migrants in urban China. By using the RUMiC data, the results show ...that in addition to housing ownership, living space and housing quality are also significantly associated with the mental health of rural migrants. Moreover, with an increase in living space, the mental health of rural migrants who live in private rental housing tends to improve significantly slower than rural migrants who live in dormitories. Furthermore, housing quality and housing location do not moderate the effect of housing ownership on the mental health of rural migrants. This study highlights that it is important to go beyond homeownership and pay more attention to other attributes of housing when studying the mental health of rural migrants. Particularly, this study underscores that improving housing quality is an effective way to improve the mental health of rural migrants in urban China.
•Low frequency subband coefficients are selected based on visual salient features.•Bandpass directional subband coefficients are selected by the cross-contrast.•Three maps of visual salient features ...are constructed based on visual saliency.
To extract and combine the features of the original images, a novel algorithm based on visual salient features and the cross-contrast is proposed in this paper. Original images were decomposed into low frequency subband coefficients and bandpass direction subband coefficients by using the nonsubsampled contourlet transform. Three maps of visual salient features are constructed based on visual salient features the local energy, the contrast and the gradient respectively, and low-frequency subband coefficients are got by utilizing these visual saliency maps. The cross-contrast is obtained by computing the ratio between the local gray mean of bandpass direction subband coefficients and the local gray mean of fused low-frequency subband coefficients. Bandpass direction subband coefficients is goted by the cross-contrast. Comparison experiments have been performed on different image sets, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs better in both subjective and objective qualities.
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