Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a prevalent malignant tumor. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (CAFs-EVs) are implicated in COAD treatment. This study ...explored the mechanism of CAFs-EVs in COAD. CAFs and normal fibroblast (NFs) were isolated from COAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Vimentin, α-SMA, and FAP expressions were detected. EVs were isolated from CAFs and identified. SW480 and HCT116 cells were co-incubated with EVs. The EV uptake and COAD cell malignant behaviors were assessed. EV-treated SW480 and HCT116 cells were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Extensive analyses were conducted to examine HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and miR-135b-5p expression in COAD cells, and SW480 and HCT116 cells. CAFs were transfected with the miR-135b-5p inhibitor. miR-135b-5p downstream targets were predicted. FOXO1 expression in the co-culture system was determined and then overexpressed to evaluate its role in HUVECs mediated by COAD cells. COAD mouse model was established by transplanting SW480 cells into nude mice and injecting with EVs. Tumor growth rate, volume, and weight were examined. Ki67, VEGF, CD34, FOXO1 expressions, and VEGF content were detected. CAFs-EVs promoted COAD cell malignant behaviors and COAD cells-mediated HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. CAFs-EVs delivered miR-135b-5p into COAD cells. miR-135b-5p targeted FOXO1. Inhibition of miR-135b-5p in EVs or overexpression of FOXO1 partially reversed the effect of EVs on promoting COAD-induced angiogenesis. CAFs-EVs promoted tumor proliferation and angiogenesis of COAD in vivo. CAFs-EVs delivered miR-135b-5p into COAD cells to downregulate FOXO1 and promote HUVECs proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.
Acoustic vector sensor (AVS) is a kind of sensor widely used in underwater detection. Traditional methods use the covariance matrix of the received signal to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA), ...which not only loses the timing structure of the signal but also has the problem of weak anti-noise ability. Therefore, this paper proposes two DOA estimation methods for underwater AVS arrays, one based on a long short-term memory network and attention mechanism (LSTM-ATT), and the other based on Transformer. These two methods can capture the contextual information of sequence signals and extract features with important semantic information. The simulation results show that the two proposed methods perform much better than the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method, especially in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the DOA estimation accuracy has been greatly improved. The accuracy of the DOA estimation method based on Transformer is comparable to that of the DOA estimation method based on LSTM-ATT, but the computational efficiency is obviously better than that of the DOA estimation method based on LSTM-ATT. Therefore, the DOA estimation method based on Transformer proposed in this paper can provide a reference for fast and effective DOA estimation under low SNR.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major threat to human life and health. The technologies currently used to remove VOCs mainly include adsorption and photocatalysis. Adsorption is the most ...straightforward strategy, but it cannot ultimately eliminate VOCs. Due to the limited binding surface, the formaldehyde adsorption on conventional photocatalysts is limited, and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency is not high enough. By developing novel metal–organic framework (MOF) materials that can catalytically degrade VOCs at room temperature, the organic combination of new MOF materials and traditional purification equipment can be achieved to optimize adsorption and degradation performance. In the present review, based on the research on the adsorption and removal of VOCs by MOF materials in the past 10 years, starting from the structure and characteristics of MOFs, the classification of which was described in detail, the influencing factors and mechanisms in the process of adsorption and removal of VOCs were summarized. In addition, the research progress of MOF materials was summarized, and its future development in this field was prospected.
•Concentrations of PM and gaseous pollutants in 31 Chinese cities (from 286 sites) were analyzed.•Concentration levels of PMs were significantly different in various cities.•The correlations between ...PMs and NO2, SO2 were moderate.•The correlation between PMs and CO was instable and that between PMs and O3 was weak.
The variations of mass concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 in 31 Chinese provincial capital cities were analyzed based on data from 286 monitoring sites obtained between March 22, 2013 and March 31, 2014. By comparing the pollutant concentrations over this length of time, the characteristics of the monthly variations of mass concentrations of air pollutants were determined. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient to establish the relationship between PM2.5, PM10, and the gas pollutants. The results revealed significant differences in the concentration levels of air pollutants and in the variations between the different cities. The Pearson correlation coefficients between PMs and NO2 and SO2 were either high or moderate (PM2.5 with NO2: r=0.256–0.688, mean r=0.498; PM10 with NO2: r=0.169–0.713, mean r=0.493; PM2.5 with SO2: r=0.232–0.693, mean r=0.449; PM10 with SO2: r=0.131–0.669, mean r=0.403). The correlation between PMs and CO was diverse (PM2.5: r=0.156–0.721, mean r=0.437; PM10: r=0.06–0.67, mean r=0.380). The correlation between PMs and O3 was either weak or uncorrelated (PM2.5: r=−0.35 to 0.089, mean r=−0.164; PM10: r=−0.279 to 0.078, mean r=−0.127), except in Haikou (PM2.5: r=0.500; PM10: r=0.509).
Various portions of pork fat in Harbin sausage were replaced by a camellia oil gelled emulsion during the process, and the subsequent effects were studied in order to improve their quality ...characteristics and fatty acid composition. Percentages of pork back fat replacement were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Proximate composition, instrumental color and texture, pH, TBARS and fatty acid composition of the sausages were studied after substituting portion of the pork fat with camellia oil gelled emulsion. The replacement of pork back fat by camellia oil gels did not affect the cohesiveness, resilience, springiness and protein content, while it increased moisture content, lightness and yellowness. TBARS values was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by the pork back fat substitution. Addition of camellia oil gels significantly (P < 0.05) affected the fatty acid profile. The study suggests that a substantial reduction in SFA can be achieved by incorporating camellia oil gels in Harbin sausage without clearly affecting the studied sausage properties.
•The use of camellia oil to replace pork back fat in Harbin sausage was studied, which had not been reported before.•Using camellia oil gelled emulsion did not affect the texture properties and protein content in Harbin sausage.•Camellia oil emulsion achieved a shift in the fatty acid profiles towards a greater unsaturation.•The replacement of pork back-fat with camellia oil gels decreased the TBARS value of Harbin sausage significantly.
The research aimed to construct a novel predictive nomogram to identify specific metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (mGAC) populations who could benefit from primary tumor resection (PTR).
Patients ...with mGAC were included in the SEER database and divided into PTR and non-PTR groups. The Kaplan-Meier analysis, propensity score matching (PSM), least absolute shrink and selection operator (LASSO) regression, multivariable logistic regression, and multivariate Cox regression methods were then used. Finally, the prediction nomograms were built and tested.
3185 patients with mGAC were enrolled. Among the patients, 679 cases underwent PTR while the other 2506 patients didn't receive PTR. After PSM, the patients in the PTR group presented longer median overall survival (15.0 vs. 7.0 months, p < 0.001). Among the PTR group, 307 (72.9%) patients obtained longer overall survival than seven months (beneficial group). Then the LASSO logistic regression was performed, and gender, grade, T stage, N stage, pathology, and chemotherapy were included to construct the nomogram. In both the training and validation cohorts, the nomogram exhibited good discrimination (AUC: 0.761 and 0.753, respectively). Furthermore, the other nomogram was constructed to predict 3-, 6-, and 12-month cancer-specific survival based on the variables from the multivariate Cox analysis. The 3-, 6-, and 12-month AUC values were 0.794, 0.739, and 0.698 in the training cohort, and 0.805, 0.759, and 0.695 in the validation cohorts. The calibration curves demonstrated relatively good consistency between the predicted and observed probabilities of survival in two nomograms. The models' clinical utility was revealed through decision curve analysis.
The benefit nomogram could guide surgeons in decision-making and selecting optimal candidates for PTR among mGAC patients. And the prognostic nomogram presented great prediction ability for these patients.
Rainfall erosivity is one of the key factors influencing soil erosion by water. Improved knowledge of rainfall erosivity is critical for prediction of soil erosion and the implementation of soil and ...water conservation plan as well as sediment management projects under climate change. In this study, the Jing River Basin (JRB), a typical eco-environmentally vulnerable region of the Loess Plateau in China was selected as a case study. Spatial-temporal changing patterns of rainfall erosivity in the JRB were first examined, followed by detailed investigations of the underlying causes through exploring the relations among annual rainfall, large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and rainfall erosivity using the cross wavelet technique. Furthermore, implications of changing rainfall erosivity for sediment load and vegetation cover were analyzed. Results indicated that: (1) the year 1985 was a turning point in the time series of annual rainfall erosivity, demonstrating the non-stationary feature. Seasonal rainfall erosivity showed a spatial gradient with decrease from the upper to the lower stream. Rainfall erosivity was the largest in summer, and has increased significantly in the eastern basin; (2) annual rainfall erosivity showed a strong positive correlation with annual rainfall amount, implying that decrease of rainfall may have led to the reduction of rainfall erosivity in recent decades; (3) El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation were correlated with rainfall erosivity during 1982–1991, suggesting that large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns have strong influences on the changing patterns of rainfall erosivity; (4) changing rainfall erosivity had negligible impacts on the variation of vegetation cover (as indexed by the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index), but has detectable influence on sediment discharge which was further modulated by local soil and water conservation practice since the 1970s. These findings are helpful for prediction of soil erosion and adaptation strategies through local soil erosion control measures and sediment control projects.
•Changing patterns, causes and implications of rainfall erosivity were fully examined.•Both PDO warm phase and ENSO events have strong impacts on rainfall erosivity.•Rainfall erosivity is closely related to sediment load variation in the JRB.•No significant correlations between rainfall erosivity and NDVI were observed in the JRB.
Bismuth (Bi)-based electrode has aroused tremendous interest in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) on account of its low cost, high electronic conductivity, low charge voltage and high theoretical ...capacity. However, the rapid capacity fading and poor lifespan induced by the normalized volume expansion (up to ~ 406%) and serious aggregation of Bi during cycling process hinder its application. Herein, bismuth molybdate (Bi
2
MoO
6
) microsphere assembled by 2D nanoplate units is successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal method and demonstrated as a promising anode for PIBs. The unique microsphere structure and the self-generated potassium molybdate (K-Mo-O species) during the electrochemical reactions can effectively suppress mechanical fracture of Bi-based anode originated from the volume variation during charge/discharge of the battery. As a result, the Bi
2
MoO
6
microsphere without hybridizing with any other conductive carbon matrix shows superior electrochemical performance, which delivers a high reversible capacity of 121.7 mAh·g
−1
at 100 mA·g
−1
over 600 cycles. In addition, the assembled perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA)//Bi
2
MoO
6
full-cell coupled with PTCDA cathode demonstrates the potential application of Bi
2
MoO
6
microsphere. Most importantly, the phase evolution of Bi
2
MoO
6
microsphere during potassiation/depotassiation process is successfully deciphered by
ex situ
X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technologies, which reveals a combination mechanism of conversion reaction and alloying/dealloying reaction for Bi
2
MoO
6
anode. Our findings not only open a new way to enhance the performance of Bi-based anode in PIBs, but also provide useful implications to other alloy-type anodes for secondary alkali-metal ion batteries.
Objective:
To identify the effect of curcumin on tumor suppression and the possible molecular pathways involved.
Methods:
The expression of long noncoding RNA neighbor of BRCA1 lncRNA 2 (NBR2) was ...quantified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on cultured colorectal cancer cells. Next, we used Western blot to measure the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling molecules. Both cell proliferation and viability were measured via MTT assay, and the cell ratio and S phase were detected by BrdU assay. Colorectal cancer cells were pretreated with curcumin or transfected with shNBR2 or adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor Compound C to examine the molecular pathway involved.
Results:
Current data showed that glucose deficiency increased the expression of NBR2 in colorectal cancer cells, and NBR2 knockdown affected the progression of colorectal cancer cells under glucose starvation conditions. When NBR2 was silenced in the treated colorectal cancer cells, the proliferation, the clone formation, and the percentage of S-phase cells suppressed by glucose deprivation were compromised. Furthermore, NBR2 knockdown could suppress glucose deprivation-induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation plus mTOR inactivation. Similarly, when colorectal cancer cells were treated with curcumin, the expression of NBR2 was significantly increased. NBR2 knockdown reversed curcumin-suppressed proliferation, clone formation, and the percentage of S-phase colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, NBR2 knockdown abolished curcumin-induced activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway.
Conclusion:
This study revealed a novel mechanism by which long noncoding RNA NBR2 mediates curcumin suppression of colorectal cancer proliferation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inactivating the mTOR signaling pathway.
Pleural invasion (PL) has been regarded as an unfavorable prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But there was no agreement on the optimal surgical extent in NSCLC patients with ...PL. We aimed to compare the survival outcomes of lobectomy and sub-lobectomy in these patients.
2717 patients were included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and divided into the lobectomy and sub-lobectomy groups. The propensity score matching (PSM) and competing risk analysis were implemented. Then the predictive nomogram was constructed and validated.
2230 Patients received lobectomy while the other 487 patients underwent sub-lobectomy. After 1:1 PSM, the cumulative incidence of cancer-specific death (CSD) was lower in the lobectomy group compared with the sub-lobectomy group (1-year: 12% vs. 15%; 3-year: 30% vs. 37%, 5-year: 34% vs. 45%, P = 0.04). According to the subgroup analysis, the patients who underwent lobectomy suffered lower CSD in the N0-1 stage, adenocarcinoma, and PL-2 cohort (p < 0.05). And there was a significant relationship between the sub-lobectomy group and CSD in the multivariate competing risks regression analysis (HR, 1.26; 95%CI, 1.02-1.56; P = 0.034). Furthermore, a competing event nomogram was constructed to assess the 1-, 3-, and 5-year chances of CSD based on the variables from the multivariate analysis. The 1-, 3-, 5-year area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were 0.720, 0.706, and 0.708 in the training cohort, and 0.738, 0.696, 0.680 in the validation cohorts, respectively. And calibration curves demonstrated ideal consistency between the predicted and observed probabilities of CSD.
Lobectomy should be considered the preferred surgery compared to sub-lobectomy for NSCLC patients with PL. The proposed nomograms presented great prediction ability for these patients.
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