Background and purpose
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) previously ...treated with oral anticoagulants (OACs) according to the type of OAC prescribed. Also, to analyze the outcomes of the patients and the therapeutic approach adopted by the neurologist in the acute phase and for secondary prevention.
Methods
We performed a multicenter, observational study based on prospective registries. We included patients with AF treated with OACs admitted for AIS over a 1‐year period. Detailed clinical data and functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale score) were collected. Patients were divided into two groups according to their pre‐AIS anticoagulant therapy: vitamin K antagonists (AIS‐VKA) and direct‐acting OACs (AIS‐DOAC).
Results
We recruited 1240 patients (80.4% AIS‐VKA and 19.6% AIS‐DOAC). In the AIS‐DOAC group, transient ischaemic attack was more frequent (18.1% vs. 10.8%; P = 0.001), symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation was less frequent (1.6% vs. 4.6%; P = 0.035) and hospital stay was shorter (median 6 vs. 7 days; P = 0.03). Intravenous thrombolysis was more commonly used in AIS‐VKA (9.2% vs. 1.6%; P < 0.001). There were no differences between the groups with respect to mechanical thrombectomy, mortality and modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months. At 3 months, 54% of patients required a DOAC as antithrombotic treatment for secondary prevention.
Conclusions
Patients with AF treated with DOACs who experienced AIS more frequently had transient symptoms (transient ischaemic attack), less symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation and a shorter mean stay than those treated with VKAs. Most patients who had been previously anticoagulated with AIS received long‐term treatment with DOACs.
INTRODUCTIONThe overload of the healthcare system and the organisational changes made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may be having an impact on acute stroke care in the Region of ...Madrid.METHODSWe conducted a survey with sections addressing hospital characteristics, changes in infrastructure and resources, code stroke clinical pathways, diagnostic testing, rehabilitation, and outpatient care. We performed a descriptive analysis of results according to the level of complexity of stroke care (availability of stroke units and mechanical thrombectomy).RESULTSThe survey was completed by 22 of the 26 hospitals in the Madrid Regional Health System that attend adult emergencies, between 16 and 27 April 2020. Ninety-five percent of hospitals had reallocated neurologists to care for patients with COVID-19. The numbers of neurology ward beds were reduced in 89.4% of hospitals; emergency department stroke care pathways were modified in 81%, with specific pathways for suspected SARS-CoV2 infection established in 50% of hospitals; and SARS-CoV2-positive patients with acute stroke were not admitted to neurology wards in 42%. Twenty-four hour on-site availability of mechanical thrombectomy was improved in 10 hospitals, which resulted in a reduction in the number of secondary hospital transfers. The admission of patients with transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke was avoided in 45% of hospitals, and follow-up through telephone consultations was implemented in 100%.CONCLUSIONSThe organisational changes made in response to the SARS-Co2 pandemic in hospitals in the Region of Madrid have modified the allocation of neurology department staff and infrastructure, stroke units and stroke care pathways, diagnostic testing, hospital admissions, and outpatient follow-up.
La sobrecarga asistencial y los cambios organizativos frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 podrían estar repercutiendo en la atención al ictus agudo en la Comunidad de Madrid.
Encuesta estructurada en ...bloques: características del hospital, cambios en infraestructura y recursos, circuitos de código ictus, pruebas diagnósticas, rehabilitación y atención ambulatoria. Análisis descriptivo según el nivel de complejidad en la atención del ictus (disponibilidad o no de unidad de ictus y de trombectomía mecánica).
De los 26 hospitales del SERMAS que atienden urgencias en adultos, 22 cumplimentaron la encuesta entre el 16 y 27 de abril. El 95% han cedido neurólogos para atender a pacientes afectados por la COVID-19. Se han reducido camas de neurología en el 89,4%, modificado los circuitos en urgencias para ictus en el 81%, con circuitos específicos para sospecha de infección por SARS-CoV2 en el 50%, y en el 42% de los hospitales los pacientes con ictus agudo positivos para SARS-CoV2 no ingresan en camas de neurología. Ha mejorado el acceso al tratamiento, con trombectomía mecánica las 24h en el propio hospital en 10 hospitales, y se han reducido los traslados interhospitalarios secundarios. Se ha evitado el ingreso de pacientes con ataque isquémico transitorio o ictus leve (45%) y se han incorporado consultas telefónicas para seguimiento en el 100%.
Los cambios organizativos de los hospitales de la Comunidad de Madrid frente a la pandemia por SARS-Co2 han modificado la dedicación de recursos humanos e infraestructuras de las unidades de neurología y los circuitos de atención del ictus, realización de pruebas diagnósticas, ingreso de los pacientes y seguimiento.
The overload of the healthcare system and the organisational changes made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may be having an impact on acute stroke care in the Region of Madrid.
We conducted a survey with sections addressing hospital characteristics, changes in infrastructure and resources, code stroke clinical pathways, diagnostic testing, rehabilitation, and outpatient care. We performed a descriptive analysis of results according to the level of complexity of stroke care (availability of stroke units and mechanical thrombectomy).
The survey was completed by 22 of the 26 hospitals in the Madrid Regional Health System that attend adult emergencies, between 16 and 27 April 2020. Ninety-five percent of hospitals had reallocated neurologists to care for patients with COVID-19. The numbers of neurology ward beds were reduced in 89.4% of hospitals; emergency department stroke care pathways were modified in 81%, with specific pathways for suspected SARS-CoV2 infection established in 50% of hospitals; and SARS-CoV2-positive patients with acute stroke were not admitted to neurology wards in 42%. Twenty-four hour on-site availability of mechanical thrombectomy was improved in 10 hospitals, which resulted in a reduction in the number of secondary hospital transfers. The admission of patients with transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke was avoided in 45% of hospitals, and follow-up through telephone consultations was implemented in 100%.
The organisational changes made in response to the SARS-Co2 pandemic in hospitals in the Region of Madrid have modified the allocation of neurology department staff and infrastructure, stroke units and stroke care pathways, diagnostic testing, hospital admissions, and outpatient follow-up.
Resumen Introducción El ictus es la principal causa de ingreso en los servicios de Neurología, siendo el infarto cerebral cardioembólico (ICE) de los subtipos más frecuentes. Métodos Estudio ...observacional, multicéntrico, prospectivo, realizado en 5 hospitales públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid, cuyo objetivo fue estimar la utilización de recursos sanitarios y costes en el manejo del ICE agudo. Se incluyeron pacientes con ICE agudo de evolución < 48 h. Se registraron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y los recursos sanitarios utilizados durante el ingreso y al alta hasta 30 días desde el ingreso, incluyendo el tratamiento rehabilitador al alta. Resultados Se seleccionaron 128 pacientes durante 8 meses, de 75,3 ± 11,25 años, siendo un 46,9% mujeres, con una mortalidad del 4,7%. El 100% cumplía los criterios diagnósticos del GEENCV-SEN por antecedentes o el estudio realizado. Como antecedentes clínicos, el 50% presentó fibrilación auricular, y el 18,8%, otras fuentes mayores embolígenas. La fibrilación auricular no valvular fue la causa más frecuente de ICE (33,6%). Consumo de recursos: estancia media, 10,3 ± 9,3 días; rehabilitación durante el ingreso, 46,9%, media 4,5 días, y al alta, 56,3%, media 26,8 días; complicaciones, 32%; intervenciones hospitalarias específicas, 19,5%; pruebas diagnósticas y analíticas sanguíneas, 100%, siendo la TAC craneal (98,4%), el dúplex TSA (87,5%) y el electrocardiograma (85,9%), las diagnósticas más frecuentes. El coste total medio por paciente en la fase aguda y rehabilitación por ICE fue de 13.139 €, siendo la estancia hospitalaria (45,0%) y la rehabilitación al alta (29,2%) los recursos más importantes. Conclusiones El manejo agudo del ICE en la Comunidad de Madrid generó un importante consumo de recursos (13.139 €) debido a la asistencia hospitalaria y la rehabilitación.
The overload of the healthcare system and the organisational changes made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may be having an impact on acute stroke care in the Region of Madrid.
We conducted a ...survey with sections addressing hospital characteristics, changes in infrastructure and resources, code stroke clinical pathways, diagnostic testing, rehabilitation, and outpatient care. We performed a descriptive analysis of results according to the level of complexity of stroke care (availability of stroke units and mechanical thrombectomy).
The survey was completed by 22 of the 26 hospitals in the Madrid Regional Health System that attend adult emergencies, between 16 and 27 April 2020. Ninety-five percent of hospitals had reallocated neurologists to care for patients with COVID-19. The numbers of neurology ward beds were reduced in 89.4% of hospitals; emergency department stroke care pathways were modified in 81%, with specific pathways for suspected SARS-CoV2 infection established in 50% of hospitals; and SARS-CoV2-positive patients with acute stroke were not admitted to neurology wards in 42%. Twenty four hour on-site availability of mechanical thrombectomy was improved in 10 hospitals, which resulted in a reduction in the number of secondary hospital transfers. The admission of patients with transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke was avoided in 45% of hospitals, and follow-up through telephone consultations was implemented in 100%.
The organisational changes made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in hospitals in the Region of Madrid have modified the allocation of neurology department staff and infrastructure, stroke units and stroke care pathways, diagnostic testing, hospital admissions, and outpatient follow-up.
La sobrecarga asistencial y los cambios organizativos frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 podrían estar repercutiendo en la atención al ictus agudo en la Comunidad de Madrid.
Encuesta estructurada en bloques: características del hospital, cambios en infraestructura y recursos, circuitos de código ictus, pruebas diagnósticas, rehabilitación y atención ambulatoria. Análisis descriptivo según el nivel de complejidad en la atención del ictus (disponibilidad o no de unidad de ictus y de trombectomía mecánica).
De los 26 hospitales del SERMAS que atienden urgencias en adultos, 22 cumplimentaron la encuesta entre el 16 y 27 de abril. El 95% han cedido neurólogos para atender a pacientes afectados por la COVID-19. Se han reducido camas de neurología en el 89,4%, modificado los circuitos en urgencias para ictus en el 81%, con circuitos específicos para sospecha de infección por SARS-CoV2 en el 50%, y en el 42% de los hospitales los pacientes con ictus agudo positivos para SARS-CoV2 no ingresan en camas de neurología. Ha mejorado el acceso al tratamiento, con trombectomía mecánica las 24 h en el propio hospital en 10 hospitales, y se han reducido los traslados interhospitalarios secundarios. Se ha evitado el ingreso de pacientes con ataque isquémico transitorio o ictus leve (45%) y se han incorporado consultas telefónicas para seguimiento en el 100%.
Los cambios organizativos de los hospitales de la Comunidad de Madrid frente a la pandemia por SARS-Co2 han modificado la dedicación de recursos humanos e infraestructuras de las unidades de neurología y los circuitos de atención del ictus, realización de pruebas diagnósticas, ingreso de los pacientes y seguimiento.
Purpose
The ultrasonographic and hemodynamic features of patients with carotid near-occlusion (CNO) are still not well known. Our aim was to describe the ultrasonographic and hemodynamic ...characteristics of a cohort of patients with CNO.
Methods
A prospective, observational, nationwide, and multicenter study was conducted from January/2010 to May/2016. Patients with digital subtraction angiography (DSA)–confirmed CNO were included. We collected information on clinical and demographic characteristics, carotid and transcranial ultrasonography and DSA findings, presence of full-collapse, collateral circulation, and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR).
Results
One hundred thirty-five patients were analyzed. Ultrasonographic and DSA diagnosis of CNO were concordant in only 44%. This disagreement was related to the presence/absence of full-collapse: 45% of patients with CNO with full-collapse were classified as a complete carotid occlusion, and 40% with a CNO without full-collapse were interpreted as severe stenosis (
p
< 0.001). Mean velocities (mV) and pulsatility indexes (PIs) were significantly lower in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery compared with the contralateral (43 cm/s vs 58 cm/s,
p
< 0.001; 0.80 vs 1.00,
p
< 0.001). Collateral circulation was identified in 92% of patients, with the anterior communicating artery (73%) being the most frequent. CVR was decreased or exhausted in 66% of cases and was more frequent in patients with a poor or absent collateral network compared with patients with ≥ 2 collateral arteries (82% vs 56%,
p
= 0.051).
Conclusion
The accuracy of carotid ultrasonography in the diagnosis of CNO seems to be limited, with significant discrepancies with DSA. Decreased ipsilateral mV, PI, and CVR suggest a hemodynamic compromise in patients with CNO.
PDF
