Somatic L1 retrotransposition events have been shown to occur in epithelial cancers. Here, we attempted to determine how early somatic L1 insertions occurred during the development of ...gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Using L1-targeted resequencing (L1-seq), we studied different stages of four colorectal cancers arising from colonic polyps, seven pancreatic carcinomas, as well as seven gastric cancers. Surprisingly, we found somatic L1 insertions not only in all cancer types and metastases but also in colonic adenomas, well-known cancer precursors. Some insertions were also present in low quantities in normal GI tissues, occasionally caught in the act of being clonally fixed in the adjacent tumors. Insertions in adenomas and cancers numbered in the hundreds, and many were present in multiple tumor sections, implying clonal distribution. Our results demonstrate that extensive somatic insertional mutagenesis occurs very early during the development of GI tumors, probably before dysplastic growth.
Equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by vacuum hot-pressing sintering with single phase precursor powders made from mechanical alloying (MA) or spray-drying (SD), ...respectively. MA process was found beneficial for the following precipitation and formation of secondary phases during sintering, after which multiphase bulk HEAs were formed consisting of FCC, M23C6, and precipitated nanoscale σ phases. The tensile and compressive yield strengths of bulk HEAs fabricated from MA powders reached 1150 and 1200 MPa, respectively, which were about three times than SD powders. The excellent mechanical properties of the former were found due to the precipitation of nanoscale σ phase and M23C6 intermetallic resulted from the MA treatment and sintering processing. Nanoscale σ and M23C6 phase can effectively strengthen the alloy not only by self-reinforcement but also through the grain boundaries of the refined grains induced by the precipitation.
Approximately 60% of patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) die within the first 2-3 years. The prognosis for patients with KIRC and its metastases is poor. Ferroptosis and providing ...immunity are novel treatment targets for several cancers, including KIRC. Therefore, it is important to identify suitable ferroptosis- and immune-related signatures to predict the prognosis and diagnosis of patients with KIRC.
The corresponding data of patients with KIRC were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to screen candidate biomarkers in patients with KIRC.
We found that four FI-DEGs (BID, MET, LTB4R, and HMOX1) were independently associated with the overall survival of patients with KIRC. The prognosis and diagnosis model constructed using these four biomarkers could predict the outcome of KIRC, as measured by the receiver operating characteristic analyses.
We identified 4 FI-DEGs that could be used as biomarkers in patients with KIRC. The present study not only contributes to understanding the roles of ferroptosis and immunity in the development of KIRC, but also to the diagnosis and prognosis of KIRC, although it remains to be further studied.
The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region has been shown to be associated with numerous diseases. However, it remains a challenge to pinpoint the causal variants for these associations ...because of the extreme complexity of the region. We thus sequenced the entire 5-Mb MHC region in 20,635 individuals of Han Chinese ancestry (10,689 controls and 9,946 patients with psoriasis) and constructed a Han-MHC database that includes both variants and HLA gene typing results of high accuracy. We further identified multiple independent new susceptibility loci in HLA-C, HLA-B, HLA-DPB1 and BTNL2 and an intergenic variant, rs118179173, associated with psoriasis and confirmed the well-established risk allele HLA-C*06:02. We anticipate that our Han-MHC reference panel built by deep sequencing of a large number of samples will serve as a useful tool for investigating the role of the MHC region in a variety of diseases and thus advance understanding of the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Based on the high quality FeSe1−xSx (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) single crystals synthesized via a hydrothermal method, we carried out systematic measurement of the normal state magnetoresistance and Hall effect. ...Through the maximum entropy mobility spectrum analysis (MEMSA), we investigate the evolution of mobility spectrum, which reflects the multi-band structures for different doping content x and temperature T. The relationships between Tc and carrier properties calculated by MEMSA, as well as bond angles and anion height calculated by first-principle method are investigated. Nonlinear to linear transition of Hall resistivity(ρxy(B)) is mainly attributed to the decreasing mobilities and merging of mobility peaks with the reductive x or increasing T. The relationship between Tc and carrier density n show weak interaction for the orthogonal phases when x ≤ 0.2, but nearly positive correlation for the tetragonal phases when x > 0.2. Bond angle as well as the Se/S anion height change almost linearly with x within the tetragonal phases, and the V-shaped relationships with Tc indicate that structural factors play a key role in the regulation of superconductivity. Our researches are helpful for understanding the multi-band and complex phase diagram of iron-based superconductors.
•We systematically measured magnetoresistance and Hall resistivity of FeSe1−xSx (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) single crystals.•Nonlinear to linear transition of Hall resistivity is mainly due to decreasing mobilities and merging of mobility peaks.•The bond angle and Se/S anion height both show V-shaped relationships with Tc.•Structural factors play a key role in the regulation of superconductivity in iron-based superconductors.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to investigate whether arsenic (As) could induce testicular poisoning and influence the oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in chickens. Seventy-two 1-day-old ...male Hy-line chickens were divided into 4 groups which were exposed to 0, 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) for 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively. Histological and ultrastructural changes, antioxidant enzyme activity, mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes were detected. Oxidative stress injuries were obvious in the testes exposure to As2O3, which resulted in the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutases (SOD). Meanwhile, the changes of mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes showed that As2O3 exposure induced enhanced testicular apoptosis and increased the levels of autophagy markers such as Microtubule associated protein light chains 3-II (LC3-II), dynein, Beclin-1, Autophagy associated gene 5 (ATG5) and ATG4B but not LC3-I and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and demonstrated the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy. Histological and ultrastructural abnormalities confirm the changes of the above indicators. Taken together, our findings provide deeper insights into roles of excessive apoptosis and autophagy in the aggravation of testicular damage, which could contribute to a better understanding of As2O3-induced testicular poisoning in chickens.
•The p-type ZnO thin films with low resistivity are obtained by P–N codoping method.•The p-type character is identified by rectification character of ZnO homojunction.•The electrical properties are ...extremely sensitive to the annealing temperature.•The p-type ZnO with good properties is obtained at middle annealing temperature.•The chemical states of P and N are identified by XPS analysis.
P and N dual-acceptor doped p-type zinc oxide (ZnO:(P, N)) films have been realized by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering and post-annealing techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the Hall measurement techniques were employed to investigate the structural and the electrical properties in detail. Results indicated the electrical properties of the ZnO:(P, N) films were extremely sensitive to the annealing temperature and the conduction type could be changed dramatically from n-type to p-type, and finally changed to weak p-type in a range from 650°C to 850°C. The p-type ZnO:(P, N) film with the lower resistivity of 3.98Ωcm, a hole concentration and Hall mobility of 1.16×1018cm−3 and 1.35cm2/Vs, respectively, was obtained at an optimal annealing temperature of 800°C. The p-type conduction behavior of the ZnO:(P, N) film was confirmed by the rectifying I–V characteristics of the p-ZnO:(P, N)/n-ZnO homojunction. The chemical bonding states of P and N doped in ZnO:(P, N) film were examined by XPS analysis.
We conducted a pot experiment using a wheat‐millet rotation to examine the effects of two successive rice‐straw biochar applications on crop growth and soil properties in acidic oxisols and alkaline ...cambosols from China. Biochar was incorporated into soil at rates of 0, 2.25 or 22.5 Mg/ha at the beginning of each crop season with identical applications of NPK fertilizer. In the oxisols, the largest biochar treatment enhanced soil pH and cation exchange capacity, decreased soil bulk density, improved soil P, K, Ca and Mg availability and enhanced their uptake, and increased wheat and millet yields by 157 and 150% for wheat grain and straw, respectively, and 72.6% for millet straw. In the cambosols, biochar treatment decreased soil bulk density, improved P and K availability, increased N, P and K uptake by crops and increased wheat and millet straw yields by 19.6 and 60.6%, respectively. Total soil organic carbon increased in response to successive biochar applications over the rotation. No difference in water‐soluble organic carbon was recorded between biochar‐treated and control soils. Converting straw to biochar and treating soils with successive applications may be a viable option for improving soil quality, sequestering carbon and utilizing straw resources in China.
•Hepatic echinococcosis alters cytokeratin and apoptosis-related molecule expression.•There is a potential relationship between cytokeratin and Caspase3 expression.•Protoscoleces can induce apoptosis ...of hepatocytes.
The study aimed to investigate the expression of cytokeratin and apoptosis-related molecules in the livers of two types of hepatic echinococcosis mice models and to preliminarily explore the relationship between the expression of cytokeratin and apoptosis in echinococcosis related liver injury. We established a mouse model infected by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis and observed the expression of cytokeratin and apoptosis related proteins in the two types of hepatic echinococcosis tissues during different stages by immunohistochemical staining. A co-culture model was established using normal hepatocytes and different concentrations of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis protoscoleces. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry was used to detect hepatocyte apoptosis, and western blot was used to quantify cytokeratin and apoptosis-related proteins, such as caspase3, caspase9, Bcl-2, and Bax. Surgical specimens were obtained from patients with hepatic echinococcosis to analyze the expressions of cytokeratin, caspase3, caspase9, Bcl-2, and Bax by western blot. The expressions of cytokeratin and caspase3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The qRT-PCR method was used to determine the expression of CK8 and CK18 in the liver tissues. In vivo experiments showed that compared to that in the control group, the cytokeratin and caspase3 proteins in the liver tissues of the two types of hepatic echinococcosis were strongly expressed around the lesions of liver echinococcosis; there was a difference between cytokeratin expression of the two different echinococcosis parasites in the liver. Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis in the co-culture model in vitro could promote the expression of CK, caspase3, caspase9, and Bax protein, decrease the expression of Bcl-2, promote hepatocyte apoptosis, and inhibit cell proliferation; in clinical samples, we found that compared with that in the normal tissues, the expression of cytokeratin, caspase3, caspase9, and Bax in echinococcus tissues was high, but that in Bcl-2 was low. Furthermore, the expression of CK8 and CK18 mRNA were higher in echinococcus tissues than that in the normal tissues and immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that cytokeratin and caspase3 levels were higher in echinococcus tissues than that in the normal tissues. The expression of cytokeratin and apoptosis-related molecules, reflecting liver damage, is high in the liver and is caused due to hepatic echinococcosis. This study provides the first evidence of cytokeratin could be useful for evaluating liver tissue damage caused by echinococcus infection.
Eu-doped ZnO nanosheets-based microflowers have been synthesized successfully by using a hydrothermal method. Eu
3+-related red emission results from energy transfer are observed in the microflowers ...under UV laser excitation. Further systematic photoluminescence studies on the samples upon oxygen and vacuum annealing treatments suggest that there exists a strong correlation between the intrinsic defects and the efficiency of the Eu
3+-related emission. It is demonstrated that these defects may act as the media in the energy transfer process from the ZnO host to Eu
3+ ions.
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