New neutrino–nucleus interaction cross-section measurements are required to improve nuclear models sufficiently for future long baseline neutrino experiments to meet their sensitivity goals. A time ...projection chamber (TPC) filled with a high-pressure gas is a promising detector to characterise the neutrino sources used for such experiments. A gas-filled TPC is ideal for measuring low-energy particles, which travel further in gas than in solid or liquid detectors and using high-pressure increases the target density, resulting in more neutrino interactions. We examine the suitability of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) from the ALICE TPC for use as the readout chambers of a high-pressure gas TPC. These chambers were previously operated at atmospheric pressure. We report the successful operation of an ALICE TPC outer readout chamber (OROC) at pressures up to 4.2 bar absolute (barA) with
Ar-CH
4
mixtures with a
CH
4
content between 2.8 and 5.0%, and so far up to 4 bar absolute with
Ar-CO
2
(90-10). The charge gain of the OROC was measured with signals induced by an
55
Fe
source. The largest gain achieved at 4.2 bar was
(
29
±
1
)
·
10
3
in
Ar-CH
4
with 4.0%
CH
4
with an anode voltage of
2975
V
. In
Ar-CO
2
with 10%
CO
2
at 4 barA, a gain of
(
4.2
±
0.1
)
·
10
3
was observed with anode voltage
2975
V
. We extrapolate that at 10 barA, an interesting pressure for future neutrino experiments, a gain of 5000 in
Ar-CO
2
with 10%
CO
2
(10,000 in
Ar-CH
4
with
∼
4
%
CH
4
) may be achieved with anode voltage of
4.6
kV
(
∼
3.6
kV
).
The Associative Memory (AM) system of the Fast TracKer (FTK) processor has been designed to perform pattern matching using as input the data from the silicon tracker in the ATLAS experiment. The AM ...is the primary component of the FTK system and is designed using ASIC technology (the AM chip) to execute pattern matching with a high degree of parallelism. The FTK system finds track candidates at low resolution that are seeds for a full resolution track fitting. The AM system implementation is named "Serial Link Processor" and is based on an extremely powerful network of 2 Gb/s serial links to sustain a huge traffic of data. This paper reports on the design of the Serial Link Processor consisting of two types of boards, the Little Associative Memory Board (LAMB), a mezzanine where the AM chips are mounted, and the Associative Memory Board (AMB), a 9U VME motherboard which hosts four LAMB daughterboards. We also report on the performance of the prototypes (both hardware and firmware) produced and tested in the global FTK integration, an important milestone to be satisfied before the FTK production.
Abstract New neutrino–nucleus interaction cross-section measurements are required to improve nuclear models sufficiently for future long baseline neutrino experiments to meet their sensitivity goals. ...A time projection chamber (TPC) filled with a high-pressure gas is a promising detector to characterise the neutrino sources used for such experiments. A gas-filled TPC is ideal for measuring low-energy particles, which travel further in gas than in solid or liquid detectors and using high-pressure increases the target density, resulting in more neutrino interactions. We examine the suitability of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) from the ALICE TPC for use as the readout chambers of a high-pressure gas TPC. These chambers were previously operated at atmospheric pressure. We report the successful operation of an ALICE TPC outer readout chamber (OROC) at pressures up to 4.2 bar absolute (barA) with $$\text {Ar-CH}_4$$ Ar-CH 4 mixtures with a $$\text {CH}_{4}$$ CH 4 content between 2.8 and 5.0%, and so far up to 4 bar absolute with $${\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$ Ar-CO 2 (90-10). The charge gain of the OROC was measured with signals induced by an $$^{55}\text {Fe}$$ 55 Fe source. The largest gain achieved at 4.2 bar was $$(29\pm 1)\cdot 10^{3}$$ ( 29 ± 1 ) · 10 3 in $$\text {Ar-CH}_4$$ Ar-CH 4 with 4.0% $$\text {CH}_{4}$$ CH 4 with an anode voltage of $${2975}\,\hbox {V}$$ 2975 V . In $${\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$ Ar-CO 2 with 10% $$\text {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 at 4 barA, a gain of $$(4.2\pm 0.1)\cdot 10^{3}$$ ( 4.2 ± 0.1 ) · 10 3 was observed with anode voltage $${2975}\,\hbox {V}$$ 2975 V . We extrapolate that at 10 barA, an interesting pressure for future neutrino experiments, a gain of 5000 in $${\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$ Ar-CO 2 with 10% $$\text {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 (10,000 in $$\text {Ar-CH}_4$$ Ar-CH 4 with $$\sim \!{4}{\%}$$ ∼ 4 % $$\text {CH}_{4}$$ CH 4 ) may be achieved with anode voltage of $${4.6}\,\hbox {kV}$$ 4.6 kV ( $$\sim \!{3.6}\,\hbox {kV}$$ ∼ 3.6 kV ).
Abstract New neutrino–nucleus interaction cross-section measurements are required to improve nuclear models sufficiently for future long baseline neutrino experiments to meet their sensitivity goals. ...A time projection chamber (TPC) filled with a high-pressure gas is a promising detector to characterise the neutrino sources used for such experiments. A gas-filled TPC is ideal for measuring low-energy particles, which travel further in gas than in solid or liquid detectors and using high-pressure increases the target density, resulting in more neutrino interactions. We examine the suitability of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) from the ALICE TPC for use as the readout chambers of a high-pressure gas TPC. These chambers were previously operated at atmospheric pressure. We report the successful operation of an ALICE TPC outer readout chamber (OROC) at pressures up to 4.2 bar absolute (barA) with $$\text {Ar-CH}_4$$ Ar-CH 4 mixtures with a $$\text {CH}_{4}$$ CH 4 content between 2.8 and 5.0%, and so far up to 4 bar absolute with $${\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$ Ar-CO 2 (90-10). The charge gain of the OROC was measured with signals induced by an $$^{55}\text {Fe}$$ 55 Fe source. The largest gain achieved at 4.2 bar was $$(29\pm 1)\cdot 10^{3}$$ ( 29 ± 1 ) · 10 3 in $$\text {Ar-CH}_4$$ Ar-CH 4 with 4.0% $$\text {CH}_{4}$$ CH 4 with an anode voltage of $${2975}\,\hbox {V}$$ 2975 V . In $${\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$ Ar-CO 2 with 10% $$\text {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 at 4 barA, a gain of $$(4.2\pm 0.1)\cdot 10^{3}$$ ( 4.2 ± 0.1 ) · 10 3 was observed with anode voltage $${2975}\,\hbox {V}$$ 2975 V . We extrapolate that at 10 barA, an interesting pressure for future neutrino experiments, a gain of 5000 in $${\text {Ar-CO}}_2$$ Ar-CO 2 with 10% $$\text {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 (10,000 in $$\text {Ar-CH}_4$$ Ar-CH 4 with $$\sim \!{4}{\%}$$ ∼ 4 % $$\text {CH}_{4}$$ CH 4 ) may be achieved with anode voltage of $${4.6}\,\hbox {kV}$$ 4.6 kV ( $$\sim \!{3.6}\,\hbox {kV}$$ ∼ 3.6 kV ).
The novel SoLAr concept aims to extend sensitivities of liquid-argon neutrino detectors down to the MeV scale for next-generation detectors. SoLAr plans to accomplish this with a liquid-argon time ...projection chamber that employs an anode plane with dual charge and light readout, which enables precision matching of light and charge signals for data acquisition and reconstruction purposes. We present the results of a first demonstration of the SoLAr detector concept with a small-scale prototype detector integrating a pixel-based charge readout and silicon photomultipliers on a shared printed circuit board. We discuss the design of the prototype, and its operation and performance, highlighting the capability of such a detector design.
New neutrino-nucleus interaction cross-section measurements are required to improve nuclear models sufficiently for future long-baseline neutrino experiments to meet their sensitivity goals. A time ...projection chamber (TPC) filled with a high-pressure gas is a promising detector to characterise the neutrino sources planned for such experiments. A gas-filled TPC is ideal for measuring low-energy particles as they travel much further in gas than solid or liquid neutrino detectors. Using a high-pressure gas increases the target density, resulting in more neutrino interactions. This paper will examine the suitability of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) taken from the ALICE TPC to be used as the readout chambers of a high-pressure gas TPC. These chambers were previously operated at atmospheric pressure. We tested one such MWPC at up to almost 5 bar absolute (barA) with the UK high-pressure test stand at Royal Holloway, University of London. This paper reports the successful operation of an ALICE TPC outer readout chamber (OROC) at pressures up to 4.8 bar absolute with Ar-CH\(_{4}\) mixtures with a CH\(_{4}\) content between 2.8% and 5.0%, and so far up to 4 bar absolute with Ar-CO\(_{2}\) (90-10). We measured the charge gain of this OROC using signals induced by an \(^{55}\)Fe source. The largest gain achieved at 4.8 bar was \(64\pm2)\cdot10^{3}\) at stable conditions with an anode wire voltage of 2990 V in Ar-CH\(_{4}\) (95.9-4.1). In Ar-CO\(_{2}\) a gain of \((4.2\pm0.1)\cdot10^{3}\) was observed at an anode voltage of 2975 V at 4 barA gas pressure. Based on all our gain measurements, we extrapolate that, at the 10 barA pressure necessary to fit 1 tonne of gas into the ALICE TPC volume, a gain of 5000 in Ar-CO\(_{2}\) (90-10) (10000 in Ar-CH\(_{4}\) with \(\sim\!\) 4% CH\(_{4}\) content) may be achieved with an OROC anode voltage of 4.2 V (\(\sim\!\) 3.1 kV).
In high-energy particle collisions, charged track finding is a complex yet crucial endeavor. We propose a quantum algorithm, specifically quantum template matching, to enhance the accuracy and ...efficiency of track finding. Abstracting the Quantum Amplitude Amplification routine by introducing a data register, and utilizing a novel oracle construction, allows data to be parsed to the circuit and matched with a hit-pattern template, without prior knowledge of the input data. Furthermore, we address the challenges posed by missing hit data, demonstrating the ability of the quantum template matching algorithm to successfully identify charged-particle tracks from hit patterns with missing hits. Our findings therefore propose quantum methodologies tailored for real-world applications and underline the potential of quantum computing in collider physics.
In high-energy particle collisions, charged track finding is a complex yet crucial endeavour. We propose a quantum algorithm, specifically quantum template matching, to enhance the accuracy and ...efficiency of track finding. Abstracting the Quantum Amplitude Amplification routine by introducing a data register, and utilising a novel oracle construction, allows data to be parsed to the circuit and matched with a hit-pattern template, without prior knowledge of the input data. Furthermore, we address the challenges posed by missing hit data, demonstrating the ability of the quantum template matching algorithm to successfully identify charged-particle tracks from hit patterns with missing hits. Our findings therefore propose quantum methodologies tailored for real-world applications and underline the potential of quantum computing in collider physics.
