Owing to high treatment efficiency under neutral condition and no extra energy required, copper-mediated activation of persulfate (PS) has been widely used for the degradation of refractory organic ...pollutants in water. The dispersion stability of copper nanoparticle in water, however, remains a great challenge. Meanwhile, chemical oxidative modification of graphene oxide (GO) can improve the dispersion stability of GO in water. In this paper, cuprous oxide (Cu
2
O) was deposited on the surface of GO. GO/Cu
2
O nano-composites with different mass ratios, i.e.,
m
(GO):
m
(Cu
2
O) of 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:25, were prepared. When
m
(GO):
m
(Cu
2
O) was 1:2, the amount of GO/Cu
2
O nano-composite was 1.00 g/L and
C
PDS
:
C
DCF
was 15:1, and the catalytic degradation rate of diclofenac (DCF) was up to 90%. Corresponding physicochemical properties of the resulting samples were comprehensively characterized by using SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, FT-IR, and XPS. DCF degradation by activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) via GO/Cu
2
O nano-composite was also investigated in detail. It is found that the synergistic effect, namely GO adsorption and multivalent copper ion electron transfer, makes GO/Cu
2
O nano-composite reveal higher reactivity. Moreover, GO/Cu
2
O nano-composite possesses good stability in consecutive cycling test. EPR analyses shows that ·OH and SO
4
·−
radicals are involved in DCF degradation. It is indicated that the DCF degradation process contain hydroxylation and the cleavage of C-N bond, which is explored by GC–MS. In our research, well-dispersed GO/Cu
2
O nano-composite with high capacity and good cycling stability was fabricated successfully. Compared with pure Cu
2
O nanoparticle, GO/Cu
2
O nano-composite exhibits the better performance for DCF removal.
Graphical abstract
A novel well-dispersed cuprous oxide (Cu
2
O) deposited on surface of GO was fabricated with high catalytic performance. Its heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) for diclofenac (DCF) degradation was investigated. GO/Cu
2
O nano-composite was proved high capacity and good cycling stability. Meanwhile, the possible DCF degradation pathway was explored. Compared with pure Cu
2
O nanoparticle, GO/Cu
2
O nano-composite exhibits better performance for DCF removal.
Owing to high treatment efficiency under neutral condition and no extra energy required, copper-mediated activation of persulfate (PS) has been widely used for the degradation of refractory organic ...pollutants in water. The dispersion stability of copper nanoparticle in water, however, remains a great challenge. Meanwhile, chemical oxidative modification of graphene oxide (GO) can improve the dispersion stability of GO in water. In this paper, cuprous oxide (Cu
O) was deposited on the surface of GO. GO/Cu
O nano-composites with different mass ratios, i.e., m(GO):m(Cu
O) of 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:25, were prepared. When m(GO):m(Cu
O) was 1:2, the amount of GO/Cu
O nano-composite was 1.00 g/L and C
:C
was 15:1, and the catalytic degradation rate of diclofenac (DCF) was up to 90%. Corresponding physicochemical properties of the resulting samples were comprehensively characterized by using SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, FT-IR, and XPS. DCF degradation by activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) via GO/Cu
O nano-composite was also investigated in detail. It is found that the synergistic effect, namely GO adsorption and multivalent copper ion electron transfer, makes GO/Cu
O nano-composite reveal higher reactivity. Moreover, GO/Cu
O nano-composite possesses good stability in consecutive cycling test. EPR analyses shows that ·OH and SO
radicals are involved in DCF degradation. It is indicated that the DCF degradation process contain hydroxylation and the cleavage of C-N bond, which is explored by GC-MS. In our research, well-dispersed GO/Cu
O nano-composite with high capacity and good cycling stability was fabricated successfully. Compared with pure Cu
O nanoparticle, GO/Cu
O nano-composite exhibits the better performance for DCF removal. A novel well-dispersed cuprous oxide (Cu
O) deposited on surface of GO was fabricated with high catalytic performance. Its heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) for diclofenac (DCF) degradation was investigated. GO/Cu
O nano-composite was proved high capacity and good cycling stability. Meanwhile, the possible DCF degradation pathway was explored. Compared with pure Cu
O nanoparticle, GO/Cu
O nano-composite exhibits better performance for DCF removal.
Abstract In the study, polydopamine and oleylamine cooperated to modify the surface of anhydrous calcium sulfate prepared from phosphogypsum, and HDPE matrix composites with different filler content ...were prepared by filling HDPE before and after modification. The results show that when the filler content is 5 wt%, the elongation at break of mCSA/HDPE composite is 31.7% and 89% higher than that of HDPE and CSA/HDPE. Respectively, when the filler content is as high as 25 wt%, the flexural strength is still 16.8% higher than that of HDPE. After modification, the compatibility and dispersibility of anhydrous calcium sulfate in HDPE were improved, and the crystal structure of anhydrous calcium sulfate was not significantly changed, thus the mechanical properties and thermal stability of mCSA/HDPE composites were improved. Overall, after modification, not only the mechanical properties of the composites are improved, but also the content of inorganic powder as filler added to HDPE is increased, which can be regarded as a method for effective utilization of phosphogypsum. Highlights Calcium sulfate was modified by polydopamine and oleylamine The mechanical and thermal properties of the modified calcium sulfate/HDPE composites are good. The resource utilization of phosphogypsum was carried out
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•Using phosphate ore as raw material, a one-step reaction gives CaSO4.•The quality of both solid and liquid phase products is improved, and OA removes SiO2 from PG.•The mechanisms of ...P, F and Si removal and the formation of CaSO4 were investigated.
In this study, phosphate ore powder was used as raw material, and anhydrous calcium sulphate (CaSO4) with P2O5 and F− contents of only 0.01% and 0.03% was prepared by one-step acidification at atmospheric pressure through regulating the sulphuric acid concentration and reaction conditions. Experimentally received: when the sulfuric acid concentration is 35 vol%, the liquid–solid ratio is 3.5 mL/g and the reaction time is 2 h, the made calcium sulfate is CaSO4, and its P2O5 and F− content is just 0.03% and 0.05%. On the other hand, H3PO4 extraction rate of the corresponding filtrate can reach to 72.35%, and the F− content in H3PO4 remains only 0.02%. After including 3 wt% of OA in this reaction, the elimination of SiO2 impurities reached 89.62%, leading to the final purity of CaSO4 of 96.65%. We also investigated the mechanism for the removal of impurities such as P, F, and Si during the system and explained the mechanism for the formation of CaSO4. This study not only improves the yield of H3PO4 but also the availability of phosphogypsum by producing CaSO4. This can be considered as a reference pathway to enhance the benefits of wet- process phosphoric acid.
•Three morphologies of CaSO4 were prepared in a sulfuric acid solution system.•The effect of filler morphologies on PVC composite mechanical properties was studied.•The CSA-short columnar/PVC has ...better comprehensive mechanical properties.
Using phosphogypsum as raw material, granular-, plate- and short columnar-like anhydrous micron CaSO4 were prepared in a sulfuric acid solution system under milder reaction temperatures (100 °C or 110 °C), which was used as fillers in PVC after being modified by NaOH-stearic acid. The effect of filler morphologies on PVC composite mechanical properties was studied. Through the mechanical property tests and the SEM, DMA, DSC and TG-DTG analysis, the results show that the short columnar-like anhydrous micron CaSO4 has the best compatibility and adhesion with PVC, improving PVC composites mechanical properties better than the other two. Especially, compared with pure PVC, the addition of 2 wt% modified short columnar-like anhydrous CaSO4 could well improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of PVC composites and the Tg values were increased from 57.9 °C to 61.1 °C, and at an addition of 8 wt%, the elongation at break of PVC composites was increased by 114.10%, while the thermal stability was greatly improved.
Abstract
Background
Mediastinal lymph node metastases (MLNM) are not rare in thyroid cancer, but their treatment has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to explore the preliminary ...application of video mediastinoscopy-assisted superior mediastinal dissection in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma with mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical pathologic data and short-term outcomes of thyroid cancer patients with suspicious MLNM treated with video mediastinoscopy-assisted mediastinal dissection at our institution from 2017 to 2020.
Results
Nineteen patients were included: 14 with medullary thyroid carcinoma and five with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Superior mediastinal nodes were positive in nine (64.3%) patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and in four (80.0%) patients with papillary carcinoma. No fatal bleeding occurred. There were three cases of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy postoperatively, one of which was bilateral. Four patients had temporary hypocalcemia requiring supplementation, one had a chyle fistula, and one developed wound infection after the procedure. Postoperative serum molecular markers decreased in all patients. One patient died of cancer while the other 18 patients remained disease-free, with a median follow-up of 33 months.
Conclusion
Video mediastinoscopy-assisted superior mediastinal dissection can be performed relatively safely in patients with suspicious MLNM. This diagnostic and therapeutic approach may help control locoregional recurrences.
Prostate cancer is still the main male health problem in the world. The role of metabolism in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer is becoming more and more obvious, but it is not clear. ...Here we firstly identified a metabolism-related gene-based subgroup in prostate cancer. We used metabolism-related genes to divide prostate cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas into different clinical benefit populations, which was verified in the International Cancer Genome Consortium. After that, we analyzed the metabolic and immunological mechanisms of clinical beneficiaries from the aspects of functional analysis of differentially expressed genes, gene set variation analysis, tumor purity, tumor microenvironment, copy number variations, single-nucleotide polymorphism, and tumor-specific neoantigens. We identified 56 significant genes for non-negative matrix factorization after survival-related univariate regression analysis and identified three subgroups. Patients in subgroup 2 had better overall survival, disease-free interval, progression-free interval, and disease-specific survival. Functional analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes in subgroup 2 were enriched in the xenobiotic metabolic process and regulation of cell development. Moreover, the metabolism and tumor purity of subgroup 2 were higher than those of subgroup 1 and subgroup 3, whereas the composition of immune cells of subgroup 2 was lower than that of subgroup 1 and subgroup 3. The expression of major immune genes, such as CCL2, CD274, CD276, CD4, CTLA4, CXCR4, IL1A, IL6, LAG3, TGFB1, TNFRSF4, TNFRSF9, and PDCD1LG2, in subgroup 2 was almost significantly lower than that in subgroup 1 and subgroup 3, which is consistent with the results of tumor purity analysis. Finally, we identified that subgroup 2 had lower copy number variations, single-nucleotide polymorphism, and neoantigen mutation. Our systematic study established a metabolism-related gene-based subgroup to predict outcomes of prostate cancer patients, which may contribute to individual prevention and treatment.
Hyper-uric acid (UA)-induced kidney injury (HAKI) is caused by the deposition of excess blood UA into the kidneys. We confined molecules of uricase (URI), catalase (CAT), and curcumin (Cur) to a ...single structure (UC/Cur) while retaining their enzymatic activities via a cross-linking complexation reaction between tannic acid and FeCl3 for treating HAKI. Simultaneously, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-UC/Cur nanoparticles were successfully prepared by interlinking the disulfide bonds of BSA with the enzyme complex via Tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine(TCEP) to form sulfhydryl groups. BSA-UC/Cur significantly attenuated MSU-induced NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation and apoptosis in NRK-52e cells by eliminating UA crystals and intracellular reactive oxygen species. More importantly, treatment with BSA-UC/Cur stabilized blood UA concentrations and lowered proximal tubular protein levels, mitochondrial swelling, and fibrotic areas, renducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, and NLRP3 while, increasing the expression of tight-junction proteins ZO1 and occludin as well as that of TIMP-1, in HAKI model rats. In addition, BSA-UC/Cur nanoparticles reduced the subpopulation ratios of CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages and increased those of M2 macrophages and Treg cells. Preliminary in-vivo trials showed that long-term intravenous treatment with BSA-UC/Cur is safe. Therefore, BSA-UC/Cur could be a potential nanotherapeutic agent for HAKI.
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The lungs are the second most common site of metastasis for colorectal cancer (CRC) after the liver. Rectal cancer is associated with a higher incidence of lung metastases compared to colon cancer. ...In China, the proportion of rectal cancer cases is around 50%, much higher than that in Western countries (nearly 30%). However, there is no available consensus or guideline focusing on CRC with lung metastases. We conducted an extensive discussion and reached a consensus of management for lung metastases in CRC based on current research reports and the experts' clinical experiences and knowledge. This consensus provided detailed approaches of diagnosis and differential diagnosis and provided general guidelines for multidisciplinary therapy (MDT) of lung metastases. We also focused on recommendations of MDT management of synchronous lung metastases and initial metachronous lung metastases. This consensus might improve clinical practice of CRC with lung metastases in China and will encourage oncologists to conduct more clinical trials to obtain high-level evidences about managing lung metastases.
Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapy have improved clinical outcomes for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimal combination of checkpoint inhibition with ...chemotherapy remains unknown.
To determine whether toripalimab in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy will improve event-free survival and major pathological response in patients with stage II or III resectable NSCLC compared with chemotherapy alone.
This randomized clinical trial enrolled patients with stage II or III resectable NSCLC (without EGFR or ALK alterations for nonsquamous NSCLC) from March 12, 2020, to June 19, 2023, at 50 participating hospitals in China. The data cutoff date for this interim analysis was November 30, 2022.
Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive 240 mg of toripalimab or placebo once every 3 weeks combined with platinum-based chemotherapy for 3 cycles before surgery and 1 cycle after surgery, followed by toripalimab only (240 mg) or placebo once every 3 weeks for up to 13 cycles.
The primary outcomes were event-free survival (assessed by the investigators) and the major pathological response rate (assessed by blinded, independent pathological review). The secondary outcomes included the pathological complete response rate (assessed by blinded, independent pathological review) and adverse events.
Of the 501 patients randomized, 404 had stage III NSCLC (202 in the toripalimab + chemotherapy group and 202 in the placebo + chemotherapy group) and 97 had stage II NSCLC and were excluded from this interim analysis. The median age was 62 years (IQR, 56-65 years), 92% of patients were male, and the median follow-up was 18.3 months (IQR, 12.7-22.5 months). For the primary outcome of event-free survival, the median length was not estimable (95% CI, 24.4 months-not estimable) in the toripalimab group compared with 15.1 months (95% CI, 10.6-21.9 months) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.40 95% CI, 0.28-0.57, P < .001). The major pathological response rate (another primary outcome) was 48.5% (95% CI, 41.4%-55.6%) in the toripalimab group compared with 8.4% (95% CI, 5.0%-13.1%) in the placebo group (between-group difference, 40.2% 95% CI, 32.2%-48.1%, P < .001). The pathological complete response rate (secondary outcome) was 24.8% (95% CI, 19.0%-31.3%) in the toripalimab group compared with 1.0% (95% CI, 0.1%-3.5%) in the placebo group (between-group difference, 23.7% 95% CI, 17.6%-29.8%). The incidence of immune-related adverse events occurred more frequently in the toripalimab group. No unexpected treatment-related toxic effects were identified. The incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse events, fatal adverse events, and adverse events leading to discontinuation of treatment were comparable between the groups.
The addition of toripalimab to perioperative chemotherapy led to a significant improvement in event-free survival for patients with resectable stage III NSCLC and this treatment strategy had a manageable safety profile.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04158440.
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