Cloud computing is changing the way industries and enterprises do their businesses in that dynamically scalable and virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. This model ...creates a brand new opportunity for enterprises. In this paper, some of the essential features of cloud computing are briefly discussed with regard to the end-users, enterprises that use the cloud as a platform, and cloud providers themselves. Cloud computing is emerging as one of the major enablers for the manufacturing industry; it can transform the traditional manufacturing business model, help it to align product innovation with business strategy, and create intelligent factory networks that encourage effective collaboration. Two types of cloud computing adoptions in the manufacturing sector have been suggested, manufacturing with direct adoption of cloud computing technologies and cloud manufacturing—the manufacturing version of cloud computing. Cloud computing has been in some of key areas of manufacturing such as IT, pay-as-you-go business models, production scaling up and down per demand, and flexibility in deploying and customizing solutions. In cloud manufacturing, distributed resources are encapsulated into cloud services and managed in a centralized way. Clients can use cloud services according to their requirements. Cloud users can request services ranging from product design, manufacturing, testing, management, and all other stages of a product life cycle.
► Cloud computing is emerging as a major enabler for the manufacturing industry. ► Cloud computing technologies can be adopted in manufacturing. ► Cloud manufacturing is a pay-as-you-go business model. ► Distributed resources are encapsulated into cloud services and managed centrally.
•Proposed the concept of cloud-based manufacturing equipment and discussed the technical challenges in the context of Industry 4.0.•Proposed a generic system architecture for cloud-based ...manufacturing equipment based on cyber-physical systems and big data analytics.•Presented the implementation of cloud-based manufacturing equipment in a real industry environment for the provision of on-demand manufacturing services.
Making manufacturing as on-demand cloud services is a transformative paradigm to achieve the required business flexibility in the context of Industry 4.0 via enabling rapid configuration of loosely-connected manufacturing devices to develop highly customized products. The research in this paper aimed to fill the gap that there is a lack of a feasible solution for cloud-based manufacturing equipment that can provide on-demand manufacturing services accessible via the Internet. The technical challenges in developing cloud-based manufacturing equipment and the enabling technologies are discussed. A generic system architecture for cloud-based manufacturing equipment based on cyber-physical production systems and big data analytics is proposed, allowing manufacturing equipment to be connected to the cloud and made available for the provision of on-demand manufacturing services. An industry implementation in a world-leading machinery solution provider confirms that the proposed system architecture for cloud-based manufacturing equipment can successfully enable on-demand manufacturing services provisioned via the Internet and can be extended to businesses that endeavor to transform legacy production systems into cloud-based cyber-physical production systems.
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bstract
We investigate the potential to probe new neutrino physics with future experiments measuring coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. Experiments with high statistics should become feasible ...soon and allow to constrain parameters with unprecedented precision. Using a benchmark setup for a future experiment probing reactor neutrinos, we study the sensitivity on neutrino non-standard interactions and new exotic neutral currents (scalar, tensor, etc). Compared to Fermi interaction, percent and permille level strengths of the new interactions can be probed, superseding for some observables the limits from future neutrino oscillation experiments by up to two orders of magnitude.
Controlling the self‐assembly morphology of π‐conjugated block copolymer is of great interesting. Herein, amphiphilic poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐block‐poly(phenyl isocyanide)s (P3HT‐b‐PPI) copolymers ...composed of π‐conjugated P3HT and optically active helical PPI segments were readily prepared. Taking advantage of the crystallizable nature of P3HT and the chirality of the helical PPI segment, crystallization‐driven asymmetric self‐assembly (CDASA) of the block copolymers lead to the formation of single‐handed helical nanofibers with controlled length, narrow dispersity, and well‐defined helicity. During the self‐assembly process, the chirality of helical PPI was transferred to the supramolecular assemblies, giving the helical assemblies large optical activity. The single‐handed helical assemblies of the block copolymers exhibited interesting white‐light emission and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The handedness and dissymmetric factor of the induced CPL can be finely tuned through the variation on the helicity and length of the helical nanofibers.
One hand makes light work: The crystallization‐driven asymmetric self‐assembly (CDASA) of the block copolymers leads to the formation of single‐handed helical nanofibers with controlled length, narrow dispersity, and well‐defined helicity. The helical assembly of the block copolymer induced white‐light emission and intense circularly polarized luminescence (CPL).
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bstract
Right-handed neutrinos (
ν
R
) are often considered as a portal to new hidden physics. It is tempting to consider a gauge singlet scalar (
ϕ
) that exclusively couples to
ν
R
via a
ν
R
ν
Rϕ
...term. Such a
ν
R
-philic scalar does not interact with charged fermions at tree level but loop-induced effective interactions are inevitable, which are systematically investigated in this work. The magnitude of the loop-induced couplings coincidentally meets the current sensitivity of fifth-force searches. In particular, the loop-induced coupling to muons could be tested in the recent LIGO observations of neutron star mergers as there might be a sizable Yukawa force in the binary system mediated by the
ν
R
-philic scalar.
•A concise account of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 is given.•Questions are raised about the situation of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 co-existing.•Discussions, guided by the questions, are given to ...clarify the two terminologies.
Industry 4.0, an initiative from Germany, has become a globally adopted term in the past decade. Many countries have introduced similar strategic initiatives, and a considerable research effort has been spent on developing and implementing some of the Industry 4.0 technologies. At the ten-year mark of the introduction of Industry 4.0, the European Commission announced Industry 5.0. Industry 4.0 is considered to be technology-driven, whereas Industry 5.0 is value-driven. The co-existence of two Industrial Revolutions invites questions and hence demands discussions and clarifications. We have elected to use five of these questions to structure our arguments and tried to be unbiased for the selection of the sources of information and for the discussions around the key issues. It is our intention that this article will spark and encourage continued debate and discussion around these topics.
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•Customer satisfaction is predicted by the linguistic characteristics of reviews.•Review diversity and polarity have a positive effect on customer ratings.•Review subjectivity, ...readability, and length have a negative effect on ratings.•Customer review involvement has a positive effect on customer ratings.•The importance of technical attributes on affecting customer ratings is compared.
Customer online reviews of hotels have significant business value in the e-commerce and big data era. Online textual reviews have an open-structured form, and the technical side, namely the linguistic attributes of online textual reviews, is still largely under-explored. Using a sample of 127,629 reviews from tripadvisor.com, this study predicts overall customer satisfaction using the technical attributes of online textual reviews and customers’ involvement in the review community. We find that a higher level of subjectivity and readability and a longer length of textual review lead to lower overall customer satisfaction, and a higher level of diversity and sentiment polarity of textual review leads to higher overall customer satisfaction. We also find that customers’ review involvement positively influences their overall satisfaction. We provide implications for hoteliers to better understand customer online review behavior and implement efficient online review management actions to use electronic word of mouth and enhance hotels’ performance.
•Traced the authentic concept and vision of smart manufacturing and its impact on future manufacturing automation.•Proposed that future manufacturing automation should focus on two fundamental themes ...– personalized-product-based manufacturing process automation and networked self-organizing manufacturing system automation.•Reviewed existing standards for enabling smart manufacturing process and system automation.•Proposed three envisioned future-proofing manufacturing automation scenarios – manufacturing digital thread, self-organizing manufacturing network, and cloud-based manufacturing equipment as service.
Smart manufacturing is arriving. It promises a future of mass-producing highly personalized products via responsive autonomous manufacturing operations at a competitive cost. Of utmost importance, smart manufacturing requires end-to-end integration of intra-business and inter-business manufacturing processes and systems. Such end-to-end integration relies on standards-compliant and interoperable interfaces between different manufacturing stages and systems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the current landscape of manufacturing automation standards, with a focus on end-to-end integrated manufacturing processes and systems towards mass personalization and responsive factory automation. First, we present an authentic vision of smart manufacturing and the unique needs for next-generation manufacturing automation. A comprehensive review of existing standards for enabling manufacturing process automation and manufacturing system automation is presented. Subsequently, focusing on meeting changing demands of efficient production of highly personalized products, we detail several future-proofing manufacturing automation scenarios via integrating various existing standards. We believe that existing automation standards have provided a solid foundation for developing smart manufacturing solutions. Faster, broader and deeper implementation of smart manufacturing automation can be anticipated via the dissemination, adoption, and improvement of relevant standards in a need-driven approach.
Recently more generalized four-fermion interactions of neutrinos such as tensor and scalar interactions (TSIs) have been extensively studied in response to forthcoming precision measurements of ...neutrino interactions. We show that due to the chirality-flipping nature, at the one-loop level TSIs typically generate much larger (107–1010) neutrino magnetic moments (νMMs) than the vector case. For some cases, the large νMMs generated by TSIs may reach the known bounds, which implies potentially important interplay between probing TSIs and searching for νMMs in current and future neutrino experiments.
A
bstract
Large neutrino event numbers in future experiments measuring coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering allow precision measurements of standard and new physics. We analyze the current ...and prospective limits of a light scalar particle coupling to neutrinos and quarks, using COHERENT and CONUS as examples. Both lepton number conserving and violating interactions are considered. It is shown that current (future) experiments can probe for scalar masses of a few MeV couplings down to the level of 10
−4
(10
−6
). Scalars with masses around the neutrino energy allow to determine their mass via a characteristic spectrum shape distortion. Our present and future limits are compared with constraints from supernova evolution, Big Bang nucleosynthesis and neutrinoless double beta decay. We also outline UV-complete underlying models that include a light scalar with coupling to quarks for both lepton number violating and conserving coupling to neutrinos.
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