Objective To evaluate the effects of different warm-up methods on the acute effect of lower limb explosive strength with the help of a reticulated meta-analysis system and to track the optimal ...method. Methods R software combined with Stata software, version 13.0, was used to analyse the outcome metrics of the 35 included papers. Mean differences (MD) were pooled using a random effects model. Results 1) Static combined with dynamic stretching MD = 1.80, 95% CI: (0.43, 3.20) and dynamic stretching MD = 1.60, 95% CI: (0.67, 2.60) were significantly better than controls in terms of improving countermovement jump height (cm), and the effect of dynamic stretching was influenced by the duration of stretching (I.sup.2 = 80.4%), study population (I.sup.2 = 77.2%) and age (I.sup.2 = 75.6%) as moderating variables, with the most significant effect size for dynamic stretching time of 7-10min. 2) Only dynamic stretching MD = -0.08, 95% CI: (-0.15, -0.008) was significantly better than the control group in terms of improving sprint time (s), while static stretching MD = 0.07, 95% CI: (0.002, 0.13) showed a significant, negative effect. 3) No results were available to demonstrate a significant difference between other methods, such as foam axis rolling, and the control group. Conclusion The results of this review indicate that static stretching reduced explosive performance, while the 2 warm-up methods, namely dynamic stretching and static combined with dynamic stretching, were able to significantly improve explosive performance, with dynamic stretching being the most stable and moderated by multiple variables and dynamic stretching for 7-10min producing the best explosive performance. In the future, high-quality studies should be added based on strict adherence to test specifications. Keywords: Warm-up methods, Explosive lower limb strength, Reticulation meta-analysis, Sprint time, Jump height
Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most reproducible treatments for weight loss and slowing aging. However, how CR induces these metabolic alterations is not fully understood. In this work, we ...studied whether nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, plays a role in CR-induced beneficial metabolic effects using a specific inhibitor of NAMPT (FK866). CR upregulated NAMPT mRNA and protein levels in rat skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. Inhibition of NAMPT activity by FK866 in rats did not affect the SIRT1 upregulation by CR but suppressed the CR-induced SIRT1 activity and deacetylation of Forkhead box protein O1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α. Inhibition of NAMPT activity by FK866 also attenuated the CR-induced SIRT3 activity, evidenced by deacetylation of superoxide dismutase-2. Furthermore, FK866 not only weakened the CR-induced decrease of oxidative stress (dichlorofluorescin signal, superoxide , and malondialdehyde levels), but also greatly attenuated the CR-induced improvements of antioxidative activity (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio) and mitochondrial biogenesis (mRNA levels of nuclear respiratory factor 1, cytochrome c oxidase IV, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, and transcription factor A, mitochondrial and citrate synthase activity). At last, FK866 blocked the CR-induced insulin sensitizing, Akt signaling activation, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence that the CR-induced beneficial effects in oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolic adaptation require NAMPT.
FGFR genomic alterations (amplification, mutations, and/or fusions) occur in ∼8% of gliomas, particularly FGFR1 and FGFR3. We conducted a multicenter open-label, single-arm, phase II study of a ...selective FGFR1-3 inhibitor, infigratinib (BGJ398), in patients with FGFR-altered recurrent gliomas.
Adults with recurrent/progressive gliomas harboring FGFR alterations received oral infigratinib 125 mg on days 1 to 21 of 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on available pretreatment archival tissue to explore additional molecular correlations with efficacy.
Among 26 patients, the 6-month PFS rate was 16.0% 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.0-32.5, median PFS was 1.7 months (95% CI, 1.1-2.8), and objective response rate was 3.8%. However, 4 patients had durable disease control lasting longer than 1 year. Among these, 3 had tumors harboring activating point mutations at analogous positions of FGFR1 (K656E; n = 2) or FGFR3 (K650E; n = 1) in pretreatment tissue; an FGFR3-TACC3 fusion was detected in the other. Hyperphosphatemia was the most frequently reported treatment-related adverse event (all-grade, 76.9%; grade 3, 3.8%) and is a known on-target toxicity of FGFR inhibitors.
FGFR inhibitor monotherapy with infigratinib had limited efficacy in a population of patients with recurrent gliomas and different FGFR genetic alterations, but durable disease control lasting more than 1 year was observed in patients with tumors harboring FGFR1 or FGFR3 point mutations or FGFR3-TACC3 fusions. A follow-up study with refined biomarker inclusion criteria and centralized FGFR testing is warranted.
Flame retardant mixtures of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and intumescent flame retardant (IFR) coatings were applied to polyamide 6,6 (PA 6,6) fabrics to explore whether MWCNTs acted as a ...good synergist on the thermal stability and flame resistance of the IFR system. The influence of MWCNTs on the flame retardant properties and thermal degradation of the PA 6,6 fabrics were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (VBT), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cone calorimeter test (CCT). The peak heat release rate and total heat release of the IFR-PA 6,6 fabric with three kinds of wt% MWCNTs were lower than those of the only traditional IFR-PA 6,6 fabric (reduced by 74.2–76.4% and 74.3–76.5%, respectively). As compared to the traditional IFR coating, it was found that no enhancements for thermal stability and flame retardancy in terms of the ability to retard ignition were achieved for the MWCNT/IFR coating. These results demonstrated that the introduction of MWCNTs into an IFR coating can improve the flame retardancy of PA 6,6 fabric in terms of the heat release rate from CCT analysis, but it failed other burning measurements, such as LOI and VBT.
Abstract
One of the key challenges for future fusion research is to mitigate the high steady-state heat load on the divertor target plates, and divertor detachment offers a promising solution. The ...Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has developed several feedback control methods for divertor detachment. However, when an off-normal event momentarily disturbs the main plasma, impurity seeding may still be conducted by these methods for detachment, which probably drives the main plasma further away from its stable equilibrium or even causes the disruption. These off-normal events include excessive impurity seeding, loss of heating and dust droplets, which are not rare in current tokamak experiments, especially in long-pulse operation. To compensate for the drawbacks of these methods, we propose and develop a module of stored-energy monitoring to ensure stable plasmas in long-pulse operation. The stored energy usually decreases when the main plasma is away from its stable equilibrium, which is suitable for monitoring the state of the main plasma. Once the stored energy falls below a certain threshold, the module actively switches off the impurity seeding system. Without impurity seeding, the main plasma can recover with the increase in the stored energy. Only when the stored energy exceeds another threshold does the module switch on the impurity seeding to continue the detachment operation. The module function has been verified during the EAST radiative divertor experiments in the newly-upgraded lower tungsten divertor. A typical ∼20 s discharge in grassy-ELM H-mode regime with ∼5 MW source heating power is demonstrated with divertor partial detachment and good energy confinement by active impurity seeding (50% neon, 50% D
2
). The energy confinement factor is maintained at a high level, i.e.
H
98
,
y
2
∼
1.1.
The electron temperature in the core region only has a slight change after the impurity seeding, while the electron density has a ∼10% increase. Furthermore, the ion temperature near the axis also has a remarkable increase. These achievements provide an important demonstration of the actively controlled radiative divertor mitigating the heat loads with good core confinement, which is an essential step toward steady-state operation of fusion reactors.
RuPeng15 Powder (RPP15) is a herbal multicompound remedy that originates from traditional Tibetan medicine and possesses antigout, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperuricemic properties based on the ...traditional conceptions. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PRP15 in rat gouty arthritis induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. In the present study, we found that treatment with RPP15 (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg) in rats with gouty arthritis induced by MSU crystals significantly attenuated the knee swelling. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that MSU-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and the elevated expressions of nuclear transcription factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) in synovial tissues were significantly inhibited, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) result showed that MSU-induced high levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in synovial fluid were reduced by treatment with RPP15 (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg). We conclude that RPP15 may be a promising candidate for the development of a new treatment for gout and its activity of antigout may be partially related to inhibiting TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and NF-κB p65 expression in the synovial tissues.
There is a worldwide interest in studying SLC26A4 mutations that are responsible for enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) in different ethnic background and populations. The spectrum of SLC26A4 ...mutations in Chinese population is yet to be fully characterized. In this study, all the 21 exons of SLC26A4 were screened in 107 Chinese patients with hearing loss associated with EVA or both EVA and Mondini dysplasia (MD), taken from six multiplex and 95 simplex families. The two types of control populations consisted of 84 normal‐hearing subjects and 46 sensorineural hearing loss subjects without inner ear malformations. Biallelic mutations were found in 12 patients from multiplex families and 84 patients (88.4%) from the simplex families. In addition, monoallelic variant was detected in nine patients in the remaining 11 simplex families. Overall, up to 97.9% patients were found having at least one possible pathogenic variant in SLC26A4, with most having biallelic variants consistent with recessive inheritance of this disorder. A total of 40 mutations including 25 novel mutations were identified in the Chinese patients but were not detected in all the controls except for one normal subject. For the Chinese mutation spectrum of SLC26A4 gene, IVS7‐2A>G mutation was the most common form accounting for 57.63% (102/177) of all the mutant alleles.
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