This study analyzed the interaction between CO2 and Rn absorption in Tillandsia usneoides to reveal the influence of aerial plants on radon (Rn) absorption. Chloroplast proteomics and transcriptomics ...techniques were used to analyze the molecular mechanism of the response of T. usneoides to Rn exposure. The CO2 and Rn absorption were highest under the following conditions: Day 25 °C; Night 15 °C; Light intensity 2500 lux; Light duration 10 h. The CO2 exchange channels were one point of entry for the absorbed Rn. Rn exposure significantly increased the enzyme activities of leaf antioxidant and AsA-GSH cycle pathways. Overall, 370 differentially expressed proteins (114 upregulated; 256 downregulated) were identified in the chloroplast. Rn exposure interfered with the expression levels of critical proteins in the electron transport chain of the photosystems and in the REDOX homeostasis of chloroplasts, leading to 1.78-fold increases in the chloroplast H2O2 content. A total of 3440 differentially regulated genes (up 3255; down 185) were identified using transcriptomic analysis. Upregulation of the intracellular antioxidant enzyme system and the AsA-GSH cycle pathway enhanced the antioxidant capacity of leaves. These responses effectively circumvented the peroxidation damage that would be caused by ROS accumulation induced by Rn exposure.
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•CO2 gas exchange channels (stomata) were involved in Rn absorption.•Rn exposure induced abnormal increase in chloroplast H2O2 content.•Rn exposure interfered with REDOX homeostasis in chloroplast.•Chloroplast H2O2 reverse-regulated the expression of nuclear genes.
We study self-bound state of spin–orbit (SO) coupled spin-1 BECs under the action of the SO coupling and the density-dependent and spin-dependent interactions. The phase transition conditions from ...the magnetized phase to the unmagnetized phase are analytically obtained in the self-bound state, and the physical mechanism of the phase transition is revealed. The distinct properties of self-bound state in different ground states are discussed in detail, and static and moving self-bound states are obtained. Then, the stability of the self-bound state is studied, and the unstable threshold caused by the competition among SO coupling, Raman coupling, spin-dependent interaction and density-dependent interaction is obtained analytically and confirmed numerically. Furthermore, the dynamical transition of self-bound state from moving type to static type is studied numerically. Due to the spin momentum locking and the drive of spin dynamics, the self-bound states exhibit distinct dynamical behaviors in different ground state phases. Our study provides theoretical evidence for a deep understanding of the stability and the dynamic of self-bound states in SO coupled spin-1 BECs.
•The self-bound state of SO coupled spin-1 BECs are studied.•The phase transition conditions are analytically obtained.•The dynamical transition from moving state to static state is studied numerically.•The stability of the self-bound state is studied.•We provide theoretical evidence for manipulating the self-bound state of the system.
We investigate the stability and e+ e− pair creation of supercritically charged superheavy nuclei, u d QM nuggets, strangelets, and strangeon nuggets based on the Thomas-Fermi approximation. The ...model parameters are fixed by reproducing masses and charge properties of these supercritically charged objects reported in earlier publications. It is found that u d QM nuggets, strangelets, and strangeon nuggets may be more stable than 56Fe at the baryon number A ≳ 315 , 5 × 104 , and 1.2 × 108 , respectively. For those stable against neutron emission, the most massive superheavy element has a baryon number ∼ 965 , while u d QM nuggets, strangelets, and strangeon nuggets need to have baryon numbers larger than 39, 433, and 2.7 × 105 . The e+ e− pair creation will inevitably start for superheavy nuclei with charge numbers Z ≥ 177 , for u d QM nuggets with Z ≥ 163 , for strangelets with Z ≥ 192 , and for strangeon nuggets with Z ≥ 212 . A universal relation Q / R e = (−me− ¯ μe) / α is obtained at a given electron chemical potential ¯ μe , where Q is the total charge and R e the radius of electron cloud. The maximum number of Q without causing e+ e− pair creation is then fixed by taking ¯ μe = −me . For supercritically charged objects with ¯ μe < −me , the decay rate for e+ e− pair production is estimated based on the Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (JWKB) approximation. It is found that most positrons are emitted at t ≲ 10−15 s , while a long lasting positron emission can be observed for large objects with R ≳ 1000 fm . The emission of positrons and electron-positron annihilation from supercritically charged objects may be partially responsible for the short γ -ray burst during the merger of binary compact stars, the 511 keV continuum emission, as well as the narrow faint emission lines in x-ray spectra from galaxies and galaxy clusters.
The high-performance Y6-based nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) feature a C-shaped A-DA’D-A-type molecular architecture with a central electron-deficient thiadiazole (Tz) A’ unit. In this work, we ...designed and synthesized a new A-D-A-type NFA, termed CB16, having a C-shaped ortho-benzodipyrrole-based skeleton of Y6 but with the Tz unit eliminated. When processed with nonhalogenated xylene without using any additives, the binary PM6:CB16 devices display a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.32% with a high open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 0.92 V, surpassing the performance of the corresponding Y6-based devices. In contrast, similarly synthesized SB16, featuring an S-shaped para-benzodipyrrole-based skeleton, yields a low PCE of 0.15% due to the strong side-chain aggregation of SB16. The C-shaped A-DNBND-A skeleton in CB16 and the Y6-series NFAs constitutes the essential structural foundation for achieving exceptional device performance. The central Tz moiety or other A’ units can be employed to finely adjust intermolecular interactions. The single-crystal X-ray structure reveals that ortho-benzodipyrrole-embedded A-DNBND-A plays an important role in the formation of a 3D elliptical network packing for efficient charge transport. Solution structures of the PM6:NFAs detected by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS) indicate that removing the Tz unit in the C-shaped skeleton could reduce the self-packing of CB16, thereby enhancing the complexing and networking with PM6 in the spin-coating solution and the subsequent device film. Elucidating the structure–property–performance relationships of A-DA’D-A-type NFAs in this work paves the way for the future development of structurally simplified A-D-A-type NFAs.
•Reduction antigenicity of glycinin (91.64% for IgG and 81.49% for IgE) was obtained.•Antigenicity elimination of glycinin was related to plasma-induced structural changes.•An increase in the ...solubility from 10.78 ± 0.35% to 65.96 ± 1.86% was achieved.•The emulsifying ability was increased from 21.08 ± 2.64 to 160.29 ± 4.12 m2/g.
The effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment times from 2 to 5 min at 40 kV on IgG/IgE binding capacity and functionality of soybean glycinin was examined. A substantial reduction in the binding capacity (91.64% for IgG and 81.49% for IgE) was obtained after 5 min of plasma treatment, as determined by western-blot and ELISA analyses. Further studies demonstrated that the elimination of antigenicity and allergenicity of glycinin was directly related to plasma-induced structural changes on two aspects. A conformational alteration caused by oxidation of peptide bond amino groups, accompanied with an oxidation of Trp, Tyr, and Phe amino acid residues, which was confirmed by surface hydrophobicity, multi-spectroscopic analysis, and amino acid analysis. The cleavage of polypeptide chains inevitably partially diminished the linear epitopes, resulting in a primary decline in IgG/IgE binding capacity. Additionally, an increase in the solubility from 10.78 ± 0.35 to 65.96 ± 1.86% and significant increase in the emulsifying ability from 21.08 ± 2.64 to 160.29 ± 4.12 m2/g were observed after treatment of the plasma for 2 min. The present results confirm the potential use of DBD for the production of hypoallergenic soy protein-based products and improving their technical functions such as solubility and emulsifying ability.
To explore the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in the cell proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in asthma.
An asthma rat model was ...established by ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. The expression of GAS5, miR-10a and BDNF mRNA and protein was determined with qRT-PCR and western blot, separately. The targeting relationship between GAS5 and miR-10a was examined with RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assay; the interaction between miR-10a and BDNF was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay. Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) was used for ASMC proliferation detection. Knock-down of GAS5 was performed in asthmatic rats to determine the effects of GAS5 in vivo.
Compared with control group, the inspiratory resistance and expiratory resistance were increased in asthma group; and the expression of GAS5, miR-10a and BDNF was higher, lower and higher, respectively. The expression of GAS5 and miR-10a was elevated and repressed, respectively, by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). GAS5 functioned as a bait of miR-10a. GAS5 regulates BDNF expression through miR-10a. PDGF-BB promotes the cell proliferation of ASMCs through miR-10a/BDNF. Knock-down of GAS5 significantly decreased airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic rats.
The lncRNA GAS5/miR-10a/BDNF regulatory axis played an important role in promoting ASMCs proliferation, thus contributing to asthma.
Reconstructing Holocene temperature changes in the continental setting is crucial for better assessing the position of recent global warming within the context of long-term natural climate ...variability and understanding the relationship between temperature changs and monsoon system. However, the pattern and rate of Holocene temperature variations still remain enigmatic due to lack of land-based proxy reconstructions with an unambiguous climatic significance. Here we present a well-dated, high-resolution, quantitative temperature record based on brGDGT proxy during the past 8000 years from the Chenghai Lake in southwestern China. A systematic modern investigation reveals a close correlation between the reconstructed and instrumental mean annual air temperature (MAAT) during the past 60 years, suggesting that sedimentary brGDGT proxy can capture the variations of MAAT during the geological past with a high fidelity. Within an improved chronological framework, our reconstructed Holocene MAAT record displays a long-term warming trend with a magnitude of ∼1.5 °C. This overall warming pattern is consistent with the variations of existing regional MAAT records, but in contradiction to the summer temperature records which is similar to the variation of the Asian summer monsoon. In light of state-of-the-art transient climate simulations, we demonstrate that changes in Holocene MAAT were forced by local annual-mean insolation with an additional radiative forcing of greenhouse gases, while changes in summer temperature were mainly controlled by local summer insolation, thereby resulting in a divergent pattern of seasonal temperature changes in southwestern China. Our study provides new evidence for reconciling the “Holocene temperature conundrum” between proxy reconstruction and model simulations from low latitudes.
•Our reconstructed Holocene MAAT record displays a long-term warming trend with a ∼ 1.5 °C increase at Chenghai Lake.•A comprehensive review reveals a warming/cooling pattern for Holocene annual/summer temperature in southwestern China.•Data-modal comparison indicates insolation and GHGs reconcile the divergent trends of Holocene seasonal temperature change.•The distinction of seasonal temperature is crucial for better understanding the mechanism of Holocene Asian monsoon change
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•Huoxuezhitong capsule ameliorates osteoarthritis pain induced by monosodium iodoacetate.•Huoxuezhitong capsule can relieve synovial inflammation through suppressing ...phosphorylated-PI3K and NF-κB activation.•Suppressing the PI3K/Akt/ NF-κB pathway maybe a novel strategy for osteoarthritis therapy.
Huoxuezhitong capsule (HXZT, activating blood circulation and relieving pain capsule), has been applied for osteoarthritis since 1974. It consists of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H., Boswellia sacra, Borneol, Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker, Pyritum. However, the direct effects of HXZT on osteoarthritis and the underlying mechanisms were poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the analgesia effect of HXZT on MIA-induced osteoarthritis rat and the underlying mechanisms. The analgesia and anti-inflammatory effect of HXZT on osteoarthritis in vivo were tested by the arthritis model rats induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA).. Mechanistic studies confirmed that HXZT could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and down-regulate the mRNA expression of related inflammatory factors in LPS-induced RAW264.7 and ATDC5 cells. Furtherly, in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, HXZT could suppress NF-κB via inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, HXZT capsule could ameliorate MIA-induced osteoarthritis of rats through suppressing PI3K/ Akt/ NF-κB pathway.
A series of novel hybrid compounds between 2-benzylbenzofuran and imidazole has been prepared and evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines. The results suggest that the existence ...of benzimidazole ring and substitution of the imidazolyl-3-position with a naphthylacyl or 4-methoxyphenacyl group were vital for modulating cytotoxic activity. In particular, hybrid compounds 46 and 47 were found to be the most potent derivatives against 5 strains human tumor cell lines and more active than cisplatin (DDP), and exhibited cytotoxic activities selectively against breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and myeloid liver carcinoma (SMMC-7721), respectively.
Objective
The mechanism of Schisandrin B on the proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in asthmatic rats was explored.
Methods
SD rats were divided into three groups: ...control (group 1), model (group 2) and model + Schisandrin B (group 3). miR‐150 and lncRNA BCYRN1 levels were measured by qRT‐PCR. The combination of BCYRN1 and miR‐150 was detected by RNA pull down. ASMCs’ viability/proliferation/migration were examined by WST‐1 assay and 24‐well Transwell system.
Results
Schisandrin B up‐regulated miR‐150 expression and down‐regulated BCYRN1 expression in sensitized rats. Schisandrin B reversed the expression of miR‐150 and BCYRN1 in MV‐treated ASMCs. In addition, Schisandrin B inhibited the viability, proliferation and migration of MV‐induced ASMCs. We also found miR‐150 inhibited BCYRN1 expression which was proved by experiments using ASMCs transfected with miR‐150 inhibitor.
Conclusion
Schisandrin B increased miR‐150 expression and decreased BCYRN1, and BCYRN1 expression was inhibited by miR‐150, which indicated that Schisandrin B could regulate BCYRN1 through miR‐150.
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