The conjugation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into different multicomponent materials to precisely construct aligned heterostructures is fascinating but elusive owing to the disparate ...interfacial energy and nucleation kinetics. Herein, a promising lattice‐matching growth strategy is demonstrated for conductive MOF/layered double hydroxide (cMOF/LDH) heteronanotube arrays with highly ordered hierarchical porous structures enabling an ultraefficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER). CoNiFe‐LDH nanowires are used as interior template to engineer an interface by inlaying cMOF and matching two crystal lattice systems, thus conducting a graft growth of cMOF/LDH heterostructures along the LDH nanowire. A class of hierarchical porous cMOF/LDH heteronanotube arrays is produced through continuously regulating the transformation degree. The synergistic effects of the cMOF and LDH components significantly promote the chemical and electronic structures of the heteronanotube arrays and their electroactive surface area. Optimized heteronanotube arrays exhibit extraordinary OER activity with ultralow overpotentials of 216 and 227 mV to deliver current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 34.1 mV dec−1, ranking it among the best MOF and non‐noble‐metal‐based catalysts for OER. The robust performance under high current density and vigorous gas bubble conditions enable such hierarchical MOF/LDH heteronanotube arrays as promising materials for practical water electrolysis.
Porous metal–organic framework/layered double hydroxide (MOF/LDH) hierarchical heteronanotube arrays consisting of a lattice‐matched 2D conductive MOF and a trimetallic LDH, established by an inner template sacrificial process, enable excellent activity and superior stability toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) reaction in comparison to the best MOF and non‐noble‐metal‐based catalysts for the OER.
In the past several decades, acoustic wave biosensors, as an emerging kind of biosensors, have been developed and widely used for the detection of mass, viscosity, conductivity and density. Varieties ...of applications have been explored such as medical diagnosis, drug screening, environmental monitoring, food analysis and biochemical assay. Among them, the detection of disease-related biomarkers based on acoustic sensors has aroused great research interest all over the world. In this review, the classification and characteristics of acoustic wave biosensors are briefly introduced. Then, some classical studies and recent advances in disease-related biomarker detection utilizing these biosensors are summarized and detailed, respectively. Here, the disease-related biomarkers mainly include antigens, small molecular proteins, cancer cells, viruses and VOCs. Finally, challenges and future trends of these typical acoustic wave biosensors are discussed. Compared with other reviews of acoustic wave sensors, this review highlights the great potential of typical acoustic wave biosensors for early disease screening and diagnosis compared with widely-used medical imaging. Moreover, they are integrated with other technologies for the design of multi-analyte, multi-parameter and intelligent devices, collecting more comprehensive information from biomarkers. This review provides a new perspective on the applications and optimization of acoustic wave biosensors to develop more reliable platforms for disease-related biomarker detection and disease diagnosis.
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•Typical acoustic wave biosensors used for disease-related biomarker detection are introduced.•The latest developments of typical acoustic wave biosensors are reviewed (2014–2020).•The challenges and outlook of these biosensors for biomarker detection are enlightened.
Compared with fluorescence imaging utilizing fluorophores whose lifetimes are in the order of nanoseconds, time-resolved fluorescence microscopy has more advantages in monitoring target fluorescence. ...In this work, compound DCF-MPYM, which is based on a fluorescein derivative, showed long-lived luminescence (22.11 μs in deaerated ethanol) and was used in time-resolved fluorescence imaging in living cells. Both nanosecond time-resolved transient difference absorption spectra and time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) were employed to explain the long lifetime of the compound, which is rare in pure organic fluorophores without rare earth metals and heavy atoms. A mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) that considers the long wavelength fluorescence, large Stokes shift, and long-lived triplet state of DCF-MPYM was proposed. The energy gap (ΔE ST) of DCF-MPYM between the singlet and triplet state was determined to be 28.36 meV by the decay rate of DF as a function of temperature. The ΔE ST was small enough to allow efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse ISC, leading to efficient TADF at room temperature. The straightforward synthesis of DCF-MPYM and wide availability of its starting materials contribute to the excellent potential of the compound to replace luminescent lanthanide complexes in future time-resolved imaging technologies.
The C-10–C-4a bond cleavage of anthraquinone is believed to be a crucial step in fungal seco-anthraquinone biosynthesis and has long been proposed as a classic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. Nonetheless, ...genetic, enzymatic, and chemical information on ring opening remains elusive. Here, a revised questin ring-opening mechanism was elucidated by in vivo gene disruption, in vitro enzymatic analysis, and 18O chasing experiments. It has been confirmed that the reductase GedF is responsible for the reduction of the keto group at C-10 in questin to a hydroxyl group with the aid of NADPH. The C-10–C-4a bond of the resultant questin hydroquinone is subsequently cleaved by the atypical cofactor-free dioxygenase GedK, giving rise to desmethylsulochrin. This proposed bienzyme-catalytic and dioxygenation-mediated anthraquinone ring-opening reaction shows universality.
In order to enhance the mechanical property of auxetic lattice structures, a new enhanced auxetic lattice structure was designed by embedding narrow struts into a three-dimensional (3D) re-entrant ...lattice structure. A series of enhanced lattice structures with varied parameters were fabricated by 3D printing combined with the molten metal infiltration technique. Based on the method, parameter studies were performed. The enhanced auxetic lattice structure was found to exhibit superior mechanical behaviors compared to the 3D re-entrant lattice structure. An interesting phenomenon showed that increasing the diameter of connecting struts led to less auxetic and non-auxetic structures. Moreover, the compressive property of the enhanced structure also exhibited obvious dependence on the base material and compression directions. The present study can provide useful information for the design, fabrication and application of new auxetic structures with enhanced properties.
is an intracellular parasite that is important in medicine and veterinary science and undergoes distinct developmental transitions in its intermediate and definitive hosts. The switch between stages ...of
is meticulously regulated by a variety of factors. Previous studies have explored the role of the microrchidia (MORC) protein complex as a transcriptional suppressor of sexual commitment. By utilizing immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, constituents of this protein complex have been identified, including MORC, Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), and several ApiAP2 transcription factors. Conditional knockout of MORC or inhibition of HDAC3 results in upregulation of a set of genes associated with schizogony and sexual stages in
tachyzoites. Here, our focus extends to two primary ApiAP2s (AP2XII-1 and AP2XI-2), demonstrating their significant impact on the fitness of asexual tachyzoites and their target genes. Notably, the targeted disruption of AP2XII-1 and AP2XI-2 resulted in a profound alteration in merozoite-specific genes targeted by the MORC-HDAC3 complex. Additionally, considerable overlap was observed in downstream gene profiles between AP2XII-1 and AP2XI-2, with AP2XII-1 specifically binding to a subset of ApiAP2 transcription factors, including AP2XI-2. These findings reveal an intricate cascade of ApiAP2 regulatory networks involved in
schizogony development, orchestrated by AP2XII-1 and AP2XI-2. This study provides valuable insights into the transcriptional regulation of
growth and development, shedding light on the intricate life cycle of this parasitic pathogen.
The accurate determination of the carbon-neutrality capacity (CNC) of a region is crucial for developing policies related to emissions and climate change. However, a systematic diagnostic method for ...determining the CNC that considers the rock chemical weathering carbon sink (RCS) is lacking. Moreover, it is challenging but indispensable to establish a fast and practical index model to determine the CNC. Here, we selected Guizhou as the study area, used the methods for different types of carbon sinks, and constructed a CNC index (CNCI) model. We found that: (1) the carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink flux was 30.3 t CO
km
yr
. Guizhou accounted for 1.8% of the land area and contributed 5.4% of the carbonate chemical weathering carbon sink; (2) the silicate rock chemical weathering carbon sink and its flux were 1.44 × 10
t CO
and 2.43 t CO
km
yr
, respectively; (3) the vegetation-soil ecosystem carbon sink and its flux were 1.37 × 10
t CO
and 831.70 t CO
km
yr
, respectively; (4) the carbon emissions (CEs) were 280 Tg CO
, about 2.8% of the total for China; and (5) the total carbon sinks in Guizhou were 160 Tg CO
, with a CNCI of 57%, which is 4.8 times of China and 2.1 times of the world. In summary, we conducted a systematic diagnosis of the CNC considering the RCS and established a CNCI model. The results of this study have a strong implication and significance for national and global CNC determination and gap analysis.
This study focuses on the uniaxial compressive behaviour of thin-walled Al alloy tubes filled with pyramidal lattice material. The mechanical properties of an empty tube, Al pyramidal lattice ...material, and pyramidal lattice material-filled tube were investigated. The results show that the pyramidal lattice material-filled tubes are stronger and provide greater energy absorption on account of the interaction between the pyramidal lattice material and the surrounding tube.
Bacillomycin D-C16 can induce resistance in cherry tomato against pathogens; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, the effect of Bacillomycin D-C16 on induction of ...disease resistance in cherry tomato was investigated using a transcriptomic analysis.
Transcriptomic analysis revealed a series of obvious enrichment pathways. Bacillomycin D-C16 induced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways and activated the synthesis of defense-related metabolites including phenolic acids and lignin. Moreover, Bacillomycin D-C16 triggered a defense response through both hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interactions pathways, and increased the transcription of several transcription factors (e.g., AP2/ERF, WRKY and MYB). These transcription factors might contribute to the further activated the expression of defense-related genes (PR1, PR10 and CHI) and stimulated the accumulation of H
O
.
Bacillomycin D-C16 can induce resistance in cherry tomato by activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, hormone signal transduction pathway and plant-pathogen interactions pathway, thus activating comprehensive defense reaction against pathogen invasion. These results provided a new insight into the bio-preservation of cherry tomato by the Bacillomycin D-C16.
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