A series of heterostructure designs of low-voltage InP homothyristors have been investigated using numerical simulation methods. The design with a space charge layer formed in the
p
-base region of ...the
n
‒
p
‒
n
transistor part was considered as the base one. The dynamic characteristics and processes that determine the rate of transition to the on state are investigated. It is shown that as the
p
-base thickness increases from 1 to 2.6 μm, the maximum on-state currents increase from 70 to 90 A, while the minimum turn-on transition time is 11 ns at a maximum blocking voltage of 55 V. It is shown that the operation efficiency in the on state is determined by the residual voltage. Residual voltage decreases with a decrease in the thickness of the
p
-base.
Background
Cardiac AL amyloidosis as a complication of multiple myeloma (MM) is a formidable life-threatening condition. The first-line therapy for both MM and systemic AL amyloidosis is proteasome ...inhibitors (PIs). Unfortunately, the use of PIs may lead to cardiovascular toxicity development, which requires specific cardio-oncology supervision.
Case Report
A 57-year-old woman was admitted to a university hospital with clinical manifestation of progressive chronic heart failure. The patient had hypertension and no history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and arrhythmias. After a series of laboratory and instrumental examination methods, MM complicated by cardiac AL amyloidosis was proved. Upon specific cardio-oncology examination (NT-proBNP 4,274 pg/ml), ECHO showed systolic dysfunction, motion abnormalities in LV basal and middle segments, and a typical depositional myocardium pattern (“luminescence”); cardiac MRI revealed restrictive cardiomyopathy and specific hyperenhancement of the ventricles and atria; 24-h ECG showed QS-pattern in leads V1–V3 and unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) paroxysms. Cardio-oncology consultation showed baseline cardiovascular risk was very high (≥20%), and cardioprotective therapy iACE/ARBs, beta-blockers (BB), statins was administered. The patient underwent VCD (bortezomib; cyclophosphamide; dexamethasone) chemotherapy (CMT) program. By the time of publication, the patient had received four CMT courses with a positive oncohematological and cardiovascular effect.
Conclusion
In this clinical case, we described a complication of MM, which was rare according to the severity and manifestation with restrictive cardiomyopathy due to secondary cardiac amyloidosis. The case's features were difficulties in verifying the underlying disease and its own complication, and the complexity of patient management according to modern principles of cardio-oncology.
Background
Current assessment methods of penile cavernous fibrosis in animal models have limitations due to the inability to provide complex and volume analysis of fibrotic alterations.
Objective
The ...aim was to evaluate micro‐computed tomography for assessment of cavernous fibrosis and compare it with histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and RT‐PCR analysis.
Materials and methods
A controlled trial was performed involving 25 New Zealand male rabbits with induced testosterone deficiency by orchidectomy. Penile samples were obtained before and after 7, 14, 21, and 84 days from orchidectomy. We consistently performed (a) gray value analysis of corpora cavernosa 3D models reconstructed after micro‐computed tomography, (b) morphometry of smooth muscles/connective tissue ratio, collagen type I/III ratio, and area of TGF‐beta‐1 expression in corpora cavernosa, and (c) RT‐PCR of TGF‐beta‐1 expression.
Results
Micro‐computed tomography allowed visualization of penile structures at a resolution comparable to light microscopy. Gray values of corpora cavernosa decreased from 1673 (1512–1773) on the initial day to 1184 (1089–1232) on the 21st day (p < 0.005). However, on the 84th day, it increased to 1610 (1551–1768). On 21st and 84th days, there was observed a significant decrease in smooth muscle/connective tissue ratio and a significant increase in collagen type I/III ratio (p < 0.05). TGF‐beta1 expression increased on the 84th day according to immunohistochemistry (p < 0.005). RT‐PCR was impossible to conduct due to the absence of RNA in obtained samples after micro‐CT.
Discussion and conclusions
Micro‐computed tomography provided 3D visualization of entire corpora cavernosa and assessment of radiodensity alterations by gray value analysis in fibrosis progression. We speculate that gray value changes at early and late fibrosis stages could be related to tissue reorganization. RT‐PCR is impossible to conduct on tissue samples studied by micro‐CT due to RNA destruction. We also suggest that micro‐computed tomography could negatively affect the immunohistochemical outcome, as a significant increase of TGF‐beta‐1 expression occurs later than histological fibrotic signs.
The article is devoted to the study of the structure of the apparatus of propaganda of the Volunteer army and Armed forces of South Russia under the command of General M. V. Alekseev, as well as the ...changes implemented in this structure by generals A. I. Denikin and P. N. Wrangell. We have highlighted the high importance of an effective propaganda mechanism during the civil war and iIndicated the reasons why the propaganda machine on the "White South" lost the efficiency of similar structures of the Bolsheviks. We considered such reasons as the absence in the Volunteer army powerful single ideology, as the basis for further indoctrination, the Bolsheviks significant advantage in material and technical equipment and production capacity, and advantage in time, as the propaganda machine of the Bolsheviks began to form several years before the outbreak of the civil war. The article reveals the formation process of the news propaganda of the Department of diplomatic division and its subsequent reformation in the Publicity Agency (Oswag) of the Chairman of a Special meeting. We have also touched upon the dissolution of Osweg at P. N. Wrangel and the establishment of a number of departments executing its functions. It is concluded, that the changes in the structure of the propaganda of anti-Bolshevik movement in South Russia, were excessively complicated and mostly formal in nature, they did not solve existing problems, but only created new ones. It is noted, that the main task of all transformations in the apparatus of propaganda, i.e. to overcome the significant advantages of the propagandists of Bolshevism, was not achieved as a result of the considered structural reforms
The authors of the article have analyzed the understanding of ownership as a central entity and the main regulator of economic relations within a joint-stock company. It has been stated that ...ownership is associated with such categories as «property» and «right», which raises a considerable number of methodological issues originated by the formation of joint-stock companies’ ownership and shareholders rights in relation to the ownership. Particular attention has been paid to the fact that ownership in such a company as an economic category performs a certain function, which consists in the formation of a considerable amount of capital on the most profitable for all persons involved in this process, in order to its maximum profitable use. It has been noted that if we talk about the ownership of a joint-stock company, then it is formed by the issue of shares, and accordingly, the company, which is interested in attracting significant funds, conducts open placement, the proceeds of which are accumulated to use in its business activities. The authors have provided arguments in favor of other positive aspects of stock ownership that make it universal and capable of application wherever there is the need to accumulate significant amounts of funds and limit the scope of liability.
It has been concluded that ownership in a joint-stock company as an economic category performs a certain function, which makes it not only an economic, but also a legal category. This function is to generate a large amount of capital in the most profitable terms for all persons involved in this process, for its maximum profitable use. The category of «stock ownership» is used when referring to the legal regime of ownership in a joint-stock company — the ownership rights of the shareholders for the shares and the ownership rights of the company for the property, which in their implementation intersect and affect one another.
It has been supposed that the most appropriate model, to which stock ownership tends, is confidential property, ideology and practices of trusts. However, it is quite clear that its application in Ukraine in the present state of legal regulation is hardly worth supporting.
ABSTRACT
The 840-kyr-old pulsar PSR J1957+5033, detected so far only in γ- and X-rays, is a nearby and rather cool neutron star with a temperature of 0.2–0.3 MK, a distance of $\lesssim 1$kpc, and a ...small colour reddening excess E(B − V) ≈ 0.03. These properties make it an ideal candidate to detect in the optical to get additional constraints on its parameters. We thus performed the first deep optical observations of the pulsar with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias in the g′ band and found its possible counterpart with g′ = 27.63 ± 0.26. The counterpart candidate position is consistent with the X-ray coordinates of the pulsar within the 0.5 arcsec accuracy. Assuming that this is the real counterpart, we analysed the pulsar X-ray spectrum together with the derived optical flux density. As a result, we found that the thermal emission from the bulk surface of the cooling neutron star can significantly contribute to its optical flux. Our multiwavelength spectral analysis favours the pulsar nature of the detected optical source, since it provides physically adequate parameters of the pulsar emission. We show that the optical data can provide new constraints on the pulsar temperature and distance.
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