A computer model of operation of Hamamatsu R11410-20 photomultiplier based on SPICE software package has been developed. The PMT amplification process is simulated with the use of voltage and current ...controlled sources of current. Boundaries of linear zone were obtained for high anode current (with respect to the base current) operation regime. The results of simulation are in reasonable agreement with the experimentally measured PMT characteristics. The model can be used for simulation of any type of PMT.
An integral method is described for processing xenon used as a working medium in the RED-100 two-phase emission detector constructed in the NRNU MEPhI to study the process of elastic coherent ...neutrino scattering off atomic nuclei. The developed technology for purifying xenon and the detector has made it possible to increase the lifetime of quasi-free electrons in the 205-kg liquid xenon from ≤0.1 to ≥400 μs in fields of 50−500 V/cm. The entire procedure takes approximately 1000 h. The method can be used to process working media for new-generation two-phase emission detectors designed to conduct basic research, in particular, searching for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles, detecting boron solar neutrinos, and searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay.
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•Functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) by amino acids (AA) was performed.•Formation of a GO liquid crystalline (LC) phase was shown.•pH-dependent behavior of AA-functionalized ...GOLCs was demonstrated.•L-cysteine dimerization occurred on the GO platform.
The colloidal 2D materials based on graphene and its modifications are of great interest when it comes to forming LC phases. These LC phases allow controlling the orientational order of colloidal particles, paving the way for the efficient processing of modified graphene with anisotropic properties. Here, we present the peculiarities of AA functionalization of GO, along with the formation of its LC phase and orientational behavior in an external magnetic field. We discuss the influence of pH on the GOLC, ultimately showing its pH-dependent behavior for GO-AA complexes. In addition, we observe different GO morphology changes due to the presence of AA functional groups, namely L-cysteine dimerization on the GO platform. The pH dependency of AA-functionalized LC phase of GO is examined for the first time. We believe that our studies will open new possibilities for applications in bionanotechnologies due to self‐assembling properties of LCs and magnificent properties of GO.
The paper is dedicated to the description of principles, mechanisms and models of communikemes construction with «evaluative» meaning. The research is fulfilled on the basis of the English language. ...The results correlate with those that were obtained while studying this type of units on the basis of the Russian language. At that, the integral and differential characteristics are identified, which makes the research results significant not only in the aspect of special (Germanic) linguistics but the general linguistics as well. Communikemes are the separate class of syntactic phraseological units. They function in many languages including English. Communikemes are extremely active in the oral-colloquial communication form due to their anthropocentricity, expressivity and economy. The majority of communikemes are derivative. Many of their specific features are determined by the peculiarities of the productive base. That is why the communikemes research in the etymological aspect provides insight into the essence of their linguistic nature and the rules of speech realization. In the sphere of evaluative communikemes two basic models of their construction are established: the first one is based on the actual division of the sentence (it prevails), and the second one is logical-semantic one. In whole, the amount of evaluative communikemes in the English language is more than the communikemes with the positive/negative meaning. The evaluative communikemes in both languages are more «indifferent» to the character of the grammatical meaning of their productive base (in comparison with other semantic groups units). The evaluative communikemes study in the cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects (as well as other groups) is rather perspective.
The ALICE Collaboration reports the measurement of semi-inclusive distributions of charged-particle jets recoiling from a high transverse momentum (high p_{T}) hadron trigger in proton-proton and ...central Pb-Pb collisions at sqrts_{NN}=5.02 TeV. A data-driven statistical method is used to mitigate the large uncorrelated background in central Pb-Pb collisions. Recoil jet distributions are reported for jet resolution parameter R=0.2, 0.4, and 0.5 in the range 7<p_{T,jet}<140 GeV/c and trigger-recoil jet azimuthal separation π/2<Δφ<π. The measurements exhibit a marked medium-induced jet yield enhancement at low p_{T} and at large azimuthal deviation from Δφ∼π. The enhancement is characterized by its dependence on Δφ, which has a slope that differs from zero by 4.7σ. Comparisons to model calculations incorporating different formulations of jet quenching are reported. These comparisons indicate that the observed yield enhancement arises from the response of the QGP medium to jet propagation.The ALICE Collaboration reports the measurement of semi-inclusive distributions of charged-particle jets recoiling from a high transverse momentum (high p_{T}) hadron trigger in proton-proton and central Pb-Pb collisions at sqrts_{NN}=5.02 TeV. A data-driven statistical method is used to mitigate the large uncorrelated background in central Pb-Pb collisions. Recoil jet distributions are reported for jet resolution parameter R=0.2, 0.4, and 0.5 in the range 7<p_{T,jet}<140 GeV/c and trigger-recoil jet azimuthal separation π/2<Δφ<π. The measurements exhibit a marked medium-induced jet yield enhancement at low p_{T} and at large azimuthal deviation from Δφ∼π. The enhancement is characterized by its dependence on Δφ, which has a slope that differs from zero by 4.7σ. Comparisons to model calculations incorporating different formulations of jet quenching are reported. These comparisons indicate that the observed yield enhancement arises from the response of the QGP medium to jet propagation.
The evolution of dynamic processes in graphene-family materials are of great interest for both scientific purposes and technical applications. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron ...microscopy outstand among the techniques that allow both observing and controlling such dynamic processes in real time. On the other hand, functionalized graphene oxide emerges as a favorable candidate from graphene-family materials for such an investigation due to its distinctive properties, that encompass a large surface area, robust thermal stability, and noteworthy electrical and mechanical properties after its reduction. Here, we report on studies of surface structure and adsorption dynamics of L-Cysteine on electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide's basal plane. We show that electron beam irradiation prompts an amorphization of functionalized graphene oxide along with the formation of micropatterns of controlled geometry composed of L-Cysteine-Graphene oxide nanostructures. The controlled growth and predetermined arrangement of micropatterns as well as controlled structure disorder induced by e beam amorphization, in its turn potentially offering tailored properties and functionalities paving the way for potential applications in nanotechnology, sensor development, and surface engineering. Our findings demonstrate that graphene oxide can cover L-Cysteine in such a way to provide a control on the positioning of emerging microstructures about 10–20 μm in diameter. Besides, Raman and SAED measurement analyses yield above 50% amorphization in a material. The results of our studies demonstrate that such a technique enables the direct creation of micropatterns of L-Cysteine-Graphene oxide eliminating the need for complicated mask patterning procedures.
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•Functionalization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) by L-Cysteine (Cys) was performed.•SEM and STEM techniques allowing precise control over micrometer-scale positioning of Cys-GO nanocomposites were suggested.•Amorphization of Cys-GO nanocomposites boosted by the e-beam irradiation was demonstrated.•Direct creation of micropatterns of Cys-GO eliminating the need for complicated mask patterning procedures.
The paper summarises current knowledge on ganglia of the wrist including the views of patients and doctors. The efficacy of available treatment options are discussed. Summary points are derived from ...the available knowledge with a referral protocol from primary care.
Understanding the role of parton mass and Casimir color factors in the quantum chromodynamics parton shower represents an important step in characterizing the emission properties of heavy quarks. ...Recent experimental advances in jet substructure techniques have provided the opportunity to isolate and characterize gluon emissions from heavy quarks. In this Letter, the first direct experimental constraint on the charm-quark splitting function is presented, obtained via the measurement of the groomed shared momentum fraction of the first splitting in charm jets, tagged by a reconstructed D^{0} meson. The measurement is made in proton-proton collisions at sqrts=13 TeV, in the low jet transverse-momentum interval of 15≤p_{T}^{jet ch}<30 GeV/c where the emission properties are sensitive to parton mass effects. In addition, the opening angle of the first perturbative emission of the charm quark, as well as the number of perturbative emissions it undergoes, is reported. Comparisons to measurements of an inclusive-jet sample show a steeper splitting function for charm quarks compared with gluons and light quarks. Charm quarks also undergo fewer perturbative emissions in the parton shower, with a reduced probability of large-angle emissions.
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