Chiral photonics has emerged as a key technology for future optoelectronics, such as quantum information and encryption, by making use of photonic waves from enantiomeric structures. An inevitable ...challenge for realizing such chiral optoelectronics is the development of near‐infrared circularly polarized (NIR CP) light‐sensing photodetectors that convert optical power and circular polarization direction into distinguishable electrical signals. Herein, a simple and promising strategy for high‐performance NIR CP light‐sensing organic phototransistors (NIR CPL‐OPTRs) applicable to highly secure optoelectronic encryption is proposed. By directly assembling a standalone cholesteric liquid‐crystal network film in a thin‐film NIR CPL‐OPTR, remarkable responsivity and distinguishability are achieved. The synergetic effect of amplification of the photocurrent signal by the applied electric field and improved light absorption by the reduced reflection in the multilayered structure leads to high responsivity. As a proof‐of‐concept, the chiral phototransistor arrays are demonstrated as a physically unclonable function device and exhibit enhanced cryptographic characteristics.
High‐performance near‐infrared circularly polarized light‐sensing organic phototransistors are realized by directly assembling a standalone cholesteric liquid‐crystal network film in the near‐infrared‐sensing organic phototransistor based on a small‐bandgap polymer semiconductor. A physical unclonable function device based on the chiral phototransistor arrays can enhance cryptographic characteristics by encoding the polarization direction of the circularly polarized light.
The layered vanadium antimonides AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) are a recently discovered family of topological kagome metals that exhibit a range of strongly correlated electronic phases including charge ...order and superconductivity. However, it is not yet understood how the distinctive electronic structure of the kagome lattice is linked to the observed many-body phenomena. Here we combine angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory to reveal multiple kagome-derived van Hove singularities (vHS) coexisting near the Fermi level of CsV3Sb5 and analyse their contribution to electronic symmetry breaking. The vHS are characterized by two distinct sublattice flavours (p-type and m-type), which originate, respectively, from their pure and mixed sublattice characters. These twofold vHS flavours of the kagome lattice critically determine the pairing symmetry and unconventional ground states emerging in the AV3Sb5 series. We establish that, among the multiple vHS in CsV3Sb5, the m-type vHS of the dxz/dyz kagome band and the p-type vHS of the dxy/dx2–y2 kagome band are located very close to the Fermi level, setting the stage for electronic symmetry breaking. The former band is characterized by pronounced Fermi surface nesting, while the latter exhibits a higher-order vHS. Our work reveals the essential role of kagome-derived vHS for the collective phenomena realized in the AV3Sb5 family.Spectroscopic measurements show how the features of the band structure related to the kagome lattice in CsV3Sb5 contribute to the observed strongly correlated phases.
In 2015, we experienced the largest in-hospital Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak outside the Arabian Peninsula. We share the infection prevention measures for surgical procedures ...during the unexpected outbreak at our hospital. We reviewed all forms of related documents and collected information through interviews with healthcare workers of our hospital. After the onset of outbreak, a multidisciplinary team devised institutional MERS-control guidelines. Two standard operating rooms were converted to temporary negative-pressure rooms by physically decreasing the inflow air volume (-4.7 Pa in the main room and -1.2 Pa in the anteroom). Healthcare workers were equipped with standard or enhanced personal protective equipment according to the MERS-related patient's profile and symptoms. Six MERS-related patients underwent emergency surgery, including four MERS-exposed and two MERS-confirmed patients. Negative conversion of MERS-CoV polymerase chain reaction tests was noticed for MERS-confirmed patients before surgery. MERS-exposed patients were also tested twice preoperatively, all of which were negative. All operative procedures in MERS-related patients were performed without specific adverse events or perioperative MERS transmission. Our experience with setting up a temporary negative-pressure operation room and our conservative approach for managing MERS-related patients can be referred in cases of future unexpected MERS outbreaks in non-endemic countries.
•The interlinkages among food, land, water, and energy in agriculture were affected by climate change and irrigation management.•We suggested the food-energy-water nexus specialized in agriculture ...with a case of paddy rice.•We assessed the impacts of intermittent and continuous irrigation on water, energy and land footprints under various climate change scenarios.•We found the different trade-offs between irrigation water saving and productivity by GCMs.
This study aimed to assess the holistic impacts of climate change and irrigation management on food centric water-energy-land interlinkages in the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus specialized in agriculture. Accordingly, we analyzed the trends and variation in productivity, irrigation requirement, and energy input for paddy rice production, which is the representative crop in Korea, from 1990 to 2099 with eight general circulation models (GCMs) as climate change scenarios. Results showed that the productivity of paddy rice would decrease owing to climate change, and its variation would increase. Irrigation requirement under the MIROC-ESM scenario was estimated as 849 mm year−1 in 2020−2099, which was 37 mm year−1 greater than that in 1990−2018. The change in irrigation management from continuous to intermittent irrigation would affect the interlinkages in the agricultural FEW nexus. Intermittent irrigation could positively influence irrigation water savings but lower productivity under climate change, and would increase the variation in both productivity and irrigation requirement. Finally, we analyzed the blue water and land footprints as interlinkage indicators in the FEW nexus. In particular, we classified the simulation results from eight GCMs in 2020−2099 based on footprints and precipitation through K-means clustering to assess the differences between footprints under various precipitation conditions. The largest number of cases was classified in the cluster characterized by large blue water footprints but small land footprints under low precipitation. These results could help develop the agricultural FEW nexus platform considering the various impacts of climate change and irrigation management.
Bile duct surgeries are conventionally considered to promote bacterial contamination of the surgical field. However, liver transplantation recipients' bile produced by the newly implanted liver graft ...from healthy living donors may be sterile. We tested bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged before and after bile duct anastomosis (BDA) during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In 29 patients undergoing LDLT, bacterial culture was performed for four blood samples and one bile sample: two from autologous blood salvaged before BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), two from autologous blood salvaged after BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), and one from bile produced in the newly implanted liver graft. The primary outcome was bacterial contamination. The risk of bacterial contamination was not significantly different between nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged before BDA and nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged after BDA (44.8% and 31.0%; odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.03–1.86; p = 0.228). No bacteria were found after leukoreduction in all 58 autologous blood samples. All bile samples were negative for bacteria. None of the 29 patients, including 13 patients who received salvaged autologous blood positive for bacteria, developed postoperative bacteremia. We found that bile from the newly implanted liver graft is sterile in LDLT and BDA does not increase the risk of bacterial contamination of salvaged blood, supporting the use of blood salvage during LDLT even after BDA. Leukoreduction converted all autologous blood samples positive for bacteria to negative. The clinical benefit of leukoreduction for salvaged autologous blood on post‐LDLT bacteremia needs further research.
In the kagome metals AV
Sb
(A = K, Rb, Cs), three-dimensional charge order is the primary instability that sets the stage for other collective orders to emerge, including unidirectional stripe order, ...orbital flux order, electronic nematicity and superconductivity. Here, we use high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to determine the microscopic structure of three-dimensional charge order in AV
Sb
and its interplay with superconductivity. Our approach is based on identifying an unusual splitting of kagome bands induced by three-dimensional charge order, which provides a sensitive way to refine the spatial charge patterns in neighbouring kagome planes. We found a marked dependence of the three-dimensional charge order structure on composition and doping. The observed difference between CsV
Sb
and the other compounds potentially underpins the double-dome superconductivity in CsV
(Sb,Sn)
and the suppression of T
in KV
Sb
and RbV
Sb
. Our results provide fresh insights into the rich phase diagram of AV
Sb
.
Summary
Phosphate serves as a food additive to improve the emulsion properties and texture parameters of meat products, yet excessive ingestion could be harmful to the health. Thus, we aimed to ...evaluate the combined effects of hot‐boned meat, freezing and myofibrillar protein supplementation on the physicochemical properties of phosphate‐free emulsion‐type sausage. Freezing hot‐boned meat and adding myofibrillar protein enhanced pH, protein solubility and thermal stability, which reduced cooking losses (9.50%–15.48%) and enhanced emulsion stability, resulting in a positive effect on the rheological and texture profiles of the phosphate‐free emulsion‐type sausage. In particular, the sausage prepared with frozen hot‐boned meat and myofibrillar protein addition exhibited the highest hardness value (39.60 N), and its physical properties were almost identical to the positive control. Accordingly, hot‐boned meat, freezing and myofibrillar protein incorporation could enhance the quality of phosphate‐free meat products. This study highlights promising avenues for improving meat products to meet consumer preferences.
► Dry-(DM) and wet-milled (WM) rice flours were utilized to produce gluten-free noodles. ► DM rice flour exhibited greater starch damage, raising water hydration properties. ► Greater starch swelling ...on gelatinization was observed in a WM rice slurry and dough. ► Dry-milling produced rice noodles with greater resistance to deformation. ► Cooking loss was reduced in WM rice noodles, compared with DM samples.
The rheological and cooking properties of gluten-free noodles prepared with dry- and wet-milled rice flours were characterized. Dry-milled rice flour with a higher degree of starch damage exhibited greater water hydration properties than wet-milled rice flour at room temperature. However, the pasting results of rice flour suspensions demonstrated that wet-milled rice flour showed a higher value of peak viscosity due to its great swelling power upon starch gelatinization. The similar thermo-mechanical tendency was observed in a rice dough system by Mixolab. In the planar extensional test, the noodle dough sample prepared with dry-milled rice flour exhibited higher elongational viscosity which could be favorably correlated to more resistance of dry-milled rice noodle strands to extension. When rice noodles were cooked, increased cooking loss was observed in dry-milled rice noodles which was attributed to great water solubility derived from a higher degree of starch damage.
A coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an abnormal vascular connection between the coronary arteries and the cardiac chambers or major vessels. Although rare, CAFs can lead to substantial coronary ...morbidity and mortality. This study outlines the surgical management of a CAF originating from the left coronary artery and connecting to the right atrium, in a patient experiencing angina with a marked left-to-right shunt. The surgical approach involved ligation of the coronary artery and reduction of the aneurysmal portion, resulting in the patient's uneventful recovery.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of flavonoids and calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPIC) on dentin bonding stability. Seven experimental solutions were synthesized using icaritin ...(ICT), fisetin (FIS), silibinin (SIB), CPIC, and combinations of one of three flavonoids and CPIC (ICT + C, FIS + C, SIB + C). The experimental solutions were applied to demineralized dentin prior to the application of a universal adhesive. A group without any experimental solution served as a control. Dentin specimens pretreated with the experimental solutions were assayed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and nanoleakage were evaluated at 24 h and after 10,000 thermocycles. FIS and ICT + C showed significantly higher µTBS than the control group at 24 h. CPIC, ICT + C, FIS + C, and SIB + C showed significantly higher µTBS than the control group after thermocycling. After thermocycling, silver infiltration into the hybrid layer and interfacial gaps was more noticeable in the control group than in the other groups. The FTIR spectra revealed the formation of apatitic minerals in the demineralized dentin in the flavonoid and CPIC combination groups. The pretreatment of demineralized dentin with flavonoids and CPIC improved dentin bonding stability. The flavonoid and CPIC combinations preserved dentin bond strength.
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