Resveratrol (trans‐3,4′,5‐trihydroxystilbene) belongs to the family of natural phytoalexins. Resveratrol first came to our attention in 1992, following reports of the cardioprotective effects of red ...wine. Thereafter, resveratrol was shown to exert antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐proliferative, and angio‐regulatory effects against atherosclerosis, ischaemia, and cardiomyopathy. This article critically reviews the current findings on the molecular basis of resveratrol‐mediated cardiovascular benefits, summarizing the broad effects of resveratrol on longevity regulation, energy metabolism, stress resistance, exercise mimetics, circadian clock, and microbiota composition. In addition, this article also provides an update, both preclinically and clinically, on resveratrol‐induced cardiovascular protection and discusses the adverse and inconsistent effects of resveratrol reported in both preclinical and clinical studies. Although resveratrol has been claimed as a master anti‐aging agent against several age‐associated diseases, further detailed mechanistic investigation is still required to thoroughly unravel the therapeutic value of resveratrol against cardiovascular diseases at different stages of disease development.
Linked Articles
This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
Although a linear relationship between the optical activity (normally the CD signal) and the enantiomeric excess (ee) of chiral auxiliaries has been the most commonly observed dependence in dynamic ...supramolecular helical aggregates, positive nonlinear CD–ee dependence, known as the “majority‐rules effect” (MRE), indicative of chiral amplification, has also been well documented and to some extent understood. In sharp contrast, the negative nonlinear CD–ee dependence has been much less reported and is not well understood. Here, the state of the art of both the positive and negative nonlinear CD–ee dependence in noncovalently bound supramolecular helical aggregates is summarized, with the hope that the vast examples of supramolecular aggregates showing positive nonlinear dependence, in terms of the methods of investigations, variations in the structure of the building block (single species or multiple species), and theoretical modeling using the mismatch penalty energy and helix reversal penalty energy, would help to guide the design of building blocks to form aggregates showing negative nonlinear dependence, and thus to understand the mechanisms. The potential applications of those functional supramolecular aggregates are also discussed.
The research progress of nonlinear CD–ee dependence in the dynamic supramolecular aggregates, positive and negative, is summarized from the viewpoint of their discoveries, experimental observations, theoretical descriptions, and applications, in a hope to facilitate a better understanding of supramolecular chirality and the fabrication of functional supramolecular chiral materials.
Although successful detection of malignant tumors from histopathological images largely depends on the long-term experience of radiologists, experts sometimes disagree with their decisions. ...Computer-aided diagnosis provides a second option for image diagnosis, which can improve the reliability of experts' decision-making. Automatic and precision classification for breast cancer histopathological image is of great importance in clinical application for identifying malignant tumors from histopathological images. Advanced convolution neural network technology has achieved great success in natural image classification, and it has been used widely in biomedical image processing. In this paper, we design a novel convolutional neural network, which includes a convolutional layer, small SE-ResNet module, and fully connected layer. We propose a small SE-ResNet module which is an improvement on the combination of residual module and Squeeze-and-Excitation block, and achieves the similar performance with fewer parameters. In addition, we propose a new learning rate scheduler which can get excellent performance without complicatedly fine-tuning the learning rate. We use our model for the automatic classification of breast cancer histology images (BreakHis dataset) into benign and malignant and eight subtypes. The results show that our model achieves the accuracy between 98.87% and 99.34% for the binary classification and achieve the accuracy between 90.66% and 93.81% for the multi-class classification.
The SMEFTsim package, theory and tools Brivio, Ilaria; Jiang, Yun; Trott, Michael
The journal of high energy physics,
12/2017, Letnik:
2017, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We report codes for the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) in F
eyn
R
ules
— the SMEFTsim package. The codes enable theoretical predictions for dimension six operator corrections ...to the Standard Model using numerical tools, where predictions can be made based on either the electroweak input parameter set
α
^
e
w
m
^
Z
G
^
F
or
m
^
W
m
^
Z
G
^
F
. All of the baryon and lepton number conserving operators present in the SMEFT dimension six Lagrangian, defined in the Warsaw basis, are included. A flavour symmetric U(3)
5
version with possible non-SM CP violating phases, a (linear) minimal flavour violating version neglecting such phases, and the fully general flavour case are each implemented. The SMEFTsim package allows global constraints to be determined on the full Wilson coefficient space of the SMEFT. As the number of parameters present is large, it is important to develop global analyses on reduced sets of parameters minimizing any UV assumptions and relying on IR kinematics of scattering events and symmetries. We simultaneously develop the theoretical framework of a “W-Higgs-Z pole parameter” physics program that can be pursued at the LHC using this approach and the SMEFTsim package. We illustrate this methodology with several numerical examples interfacing SMEFTsim with M
ad
G
raph
5. The SMEFTsim package can be downloaded at
https://feynrules.irmp.ucl.ac.be/wiki/SMEFT
.
Although smart speakers are widely accepted by consumers today, especially in developed countries such as the United States (US), few marketing-focused empirical studies on smart speakers have been ...conducted. To address this gap in the literature, the current study aims to explore the effects of perceived coolness on consumers' attitudes toward smart speakers through perceived values (i.e., functional, hedonic, economic, and social value). Data were collected from the current smart speaker users in the US using an online questionnaire. The study employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach on 307 validated responses. The SEM analysis showed that perceived coolness, which consisted of four dimensions: perceived functionality, attractiveness, subcultural appeal, and originality, had a positive effect on the functional, hedonic, economic, and social value. The findings further revealed that consumers' attitude toward smart speakers was influenced by functional, hedonic, and economic value, but not by social value. Additionally, the attitude was found to be a strong predictor of continuance intention. This study is one of the early attempts to explore the current smart speaker users' attitudes and their intentions to continue using AI-based voice assistants' devices.
A significant challenge in creating supramolecular materials is that conjugating molecular functionalities to building blocks often results in dissociation or undesired morphological transformation ...of their assemblies. Here we present a facile strategy to preserve structurally labile peptide assemblies after molecular modification of the self‐assembling peptides. Sheet‐forming peptides are designed to afford a staggered alignment with the segments bearing chemical modification sites protruding from the sheet surfaces. The staggered assembly allows for simultaneous separation of attached molecules from each other and from the underlying assembly motifs. Strikingly, using PEGs as the external molecules, PEG400‐ and PEG700‐peptide conjugates directly self‐associate into nanosheets with the PEG chains localized on the sheet surfaces. In contrast, the sheet formation based on in‐register lateral packing of peptides does not recur upon the peptide PEGylation. This strategy allows for fabrication of densely modified assemblies with a variety of molecules, as demonstrated using biotin (hydrophobic molecule), c(RGDfK) (cyclic pentapeptide), and nucleic acid aptamer (negatively charged ssDNA). The staggered co‐assembly also enables extended tunability of the amount/density of surface molecules, as exemplified by screening ligand‐appended assemblies for cell targeting. This study paves the way for functionalization of historically challenging fragile assemblies while maintaining their overall morphology.
We present a unique way to preserve structurally labile nanosheets after conjugation of a variety of molecules to the self‐assembling peptides. The sheet‐forming peptides afford a staggered alignment for simultaneous separation of external molecules from each other and from the underlying assembly motifs. This strategy allows the functionalization of historically challenging fragile assemblies while maintaining their overall morphology.
One goal of undergraduate courses in Business English is teaching critical thinking, but this goal has been hindered by disagreement over how to teach those skills. Many textbooks pay insufficient ...attention to critical thinking skills. It remains unclear how effective existing textbooks are in helping teachers teach these skills. In this article, we report on a study which uses the Knowledge Process framework to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate five textbooks in the Market Leader series. The presence of four knowledge processes in the textbooks is examined to see how effective the distribution of those processes is in teaching critical thinking skills. Although four knowledge processes are found in the textbooks, there is an imbalance among sub-processes, which leads to lack of scaffolding for teaching critical thinking skills. It is thus recommended that textbook developers and teachers design a sequence of scaffolded tasks to help teach critical thinking skills.
Textbook evaluation; Business english; Pedagogical impact; Critical thinking.
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rising due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary patterns. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor ...regulating multiple biological processes, such as lipid metabolism and inflammatory response critical to cardiovascular homeostasis. Healthy endothelial cells (ECs) lining the lumen of blood vessels maintains vascular homeostasis, where endothelial dysfunction associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation triggers the pathogenesis of CVD. PPARα activation decreases endothelial inflammation and senescence, contributing to improved vascular function and reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Phenotypic switch and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exacerbate vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis, in which PPARα activation improves VSMC homeostasis. Different immune cells participate in the progression of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. PPARα in immune cells plays a critical role in immunological events, such as monocyte/macrophage adhesion and infiltration, macrophage polarization, dendritic cell (DC) embedment, T cell activation, and B cell differentiation. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction, a major risk factor for heart failure, can also be alleviated by PPARα activation through maintaining cardiac mitochondrial stability and inhibiting cardiac lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review discusses the current understanding and future perspectives on the role of PPARα in the regulation of the cardiovascular system as well as the clinical application of PPARα ligands.
The precise and large-scale identification of intact glycopeptides is a critical step in glycoproteomics. Owing to the complexity of glycosylation, the current overall throughput, data quality and ...accessibility of intact glycopeptide identification lack behind those in routine proteomic analyses. Here, we propose a workflow for the precise high-throughput identification of intact N-glycopeptides at the proteome scale using stepped-energy fragmentation and a dedicated search engine. pGlyco 2.0 conducts comprehensive quality control including false discovery rate evaluation at all three levels of matches to glycans, peptides and glycopeptides, improving the current level of accuracy of intact glycopeptide identification. The N-glycoproteome of samples metabolically labeled with
N/
C were analyzed quantitatively and utilized to validate the glycopeptide identification, which could be used as a novel benchmark pipeline to compare different search engines. Finally, we report a large-scale glycoproteome dataset consisting of 10,009 distinct site-specific N-glycans on 1988 glycosylation sites from 955 glycoproteins in five mouse tissues.Protein glycosylation is a heterogeneous post-translational modification that generates greater proteomic diversity that is difficult to analyze. Here the authors describe pGlyco 2.0, a workflow for the precise one step identification of intact N-glycopeptides at the proteome scale.
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