Initial growth process of pentacene molecules on clean Si(001)-2 × 1 substrate was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. It is found that the wetting layer, which is not crystalline but ...disordered, forms before the growth of a first crystalline layer. The wetting layer consists of double layer of the flatly adsorbed pentacene molecules. The formation of the wetting double layer is discussed. The first crystalline layer that is grown on the disordered wetting layer with standing-up pentacene molecules consists of some domains that differ in their crystal structures. Among them, a new pentacene crystal structure is found that can form only on the first layer. In contrast, the second crystalline layer has only single domain. Moreover, we investigated the electronic properties of the pentacene layers by the current–voltage measurements. The pentacene layers are semiconducting with a band gap of about 4 eV.
In this letter, we study the latest bound on the mass of doubly charged Higgs bosons,
$H^{\pm \pm }$
, assuming that they dominantly decay into a diboson. The new bound is obtained by comparing the ...inclusive searches by the ATLAS Collaboration ATLAS Collaboration, J. High Energy Phys. 1503, 041 (2015) for events with a same-sign dilepton using the latest 20.3 fb
$^{-1}$
data at the Large Hadron Collider 8 TeV run with a theoretical prediction based on the Higgs triplet model with next-to-leading order QCD corrections. We find that the lower mass bound on
$H^{\pm \pm }$
is about 84 GeV.
Adsorption of PTCDA on Ge(001) Kocán, P; Yoshimoto, Y; Yagyu, K ...
Journal of physical chemistry. C,
02/2017, Letnik:
121, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Adsorption of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on the Ge(001) surface was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and the ...density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Only single adsorption configuration of the PTCDA molecule was observed at low coverages on the Ge(001) at room temperature, unlike on the Si(001) where several adsorption configurations were reported. This indicates that the PTCDA molecules on the Ge(001) were more mobile than those on the Si(001). Atomic structure of the adsorption configuration on the Ge(001) was determined by comparison between the STM experiments and the DFT calculations. Bias-dependent STM images, STS, and calculated projected density of state curves show nontrivial hybridization of molecular orbitals with surface states of the Ge substrate. Interactions of the PTCDA molecule with the Ge and the Si surfaces were in detail analyzed by the DFT calculation, considering five main competing contributions to the adsorption energy: formation energy of polar covalent Ge–O (Si–O) bonds, energy of molecular deformation, interaction energy of Ge atoms with the perylene core of PTCDA, energy of dimer buckling deformation, and van der Waals interaction energy. The analysis explains different adsorption behaviors between the Ge and the Si substrates.
Joubert syndrome (JS) is rare recessive disorders characterized by the combination of hypoplasia/aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, thickened and elongated superior cerebellar peduncles, and a deep ...interpeduncular fossa which is defined by neuroimaging and is termed the ‘molar tooth sign’. JS is genetically highly heterogeneous, with at least 29 disease genes being involved. To further understand the genetic causes of JS, we performed whole‐exome sequencing in 24 newly recruited JS families. Together with six previously reported families, we identified causative mutations in 25 out of 30 (24 + 6) families (83.3%). We identified eight mutated genes in 27 (21 + 6) Japanese families, TMEM67 (7/27, 25.9%) and CEP290 (6/27, 22.2%) were the most commonly mutated. Interestingly, 9 of 12 CEP290 disease alleles were c.6012‐12T>A (75.0%), an allele that has not been reported in non‐Japanese populations. Therefore c.6012‐12T>A is a common allele in the Japanese population. Importantly, one Japanese and one Omani families carried compound biallelic mutations in two distinct genes (TMEM67/RPGRIP1L and TMEM138/BBS1, respectively). BBS1 is the causative gene in Bardet–Biedl syndrome. These concomitant mutations led to severe and/or complex clinical features in the patients, suggesting combined effects of different mutant genes.
Growth of a hybrid inorganic–organic layered structure on the Au(111) surface using a one-step solution growth is reported. The hybrid structure is consist of 4,4′-bipyridine 4,4′-BiPyH22+ cations, ...Cl anions and Au adatoms, provided from substrate by means of the adsorbate-induced surface phase transition of a surface reconstruction. Its surface and bulk structures were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and Raman spectroscopy. STM results reveal growth of the first 4,4′-BiPyH22+ layer on top of the p3×3R30° chlorine overlayer formed on the Au(111) surface. These two layers are found to provide a platform for a following three-dimensional growth facilitated by hydrogen bonding, aurophilic and π–π stacking interactions.
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•Solution growth of a hybrid inorganic-organic layered structure on gold is reported.•Chlorine-adlayer acts as a template for the self-assembly of diprotonated 4,4’-bipyridine into a stripe overlayer.•These two layers provide a platform for a three-dimensional growth of a hybrid-inorganic-organic layered structure.•The growth is facilitated by hydrogen bonding, aurophilic and π-π stacking interactions.
The goal of this study was to determine whether insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene delivery by electroporation promotes repair after muscle injury. An injury-repair model was created using ...mice in which a hamstring muscle was cut and sutured. A total of 50 microg of IGF-I DNA or green fluorescent protein (GFP) DNA (both in pCAGGS) was injected into the lesion and introduced into muscle cells by electrostimulation using an electric pulse generator. The number of regenerating muscle fibers in the IGF-I DNA group was significantly more than that in the GFP DNA group at 2 weeks after injection. The diameter of regenerating muscle fibers from the IGF-I DNA group was larger than that of the GFP DNA group at 4 weeks after injection. There was no significant difference in the serum IGF-I concentration between the IGF-I DNA group and the GFP DNA group at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after injection. However, muscle IGF-I concentration in the IGF-I DNA injection group was significantly greater than that in the GFP DNA injection group at 2 weeks after injection. These results demonstrated that the effects of enhanced IGF-I production were local and limited to the injected area. The ratio (injected/uninjected; intact) of the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) in the IGF-I DNA injection group was greater than that in the GFP DNA injection group at 4 weeks after injection and of the control group. In conclusion, IGF-I gene transfer by electroporation proved to be a simple, safe, inexpensive, and effective method to promote the regeneration of injured muscles in our injury model.
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