We perform a detailed study of the relaxation towards equilibrium in the Hamiltonian Mean-Field model, a prototype for long-range interactions in
N-particle dynamics. In particular, we point out the ...role played by the infinity of stationary states of the associated
N→∞ Vlasov dynamics. In this context, we derive a new general criterion for the stability of any spatially homogeneous distribution, and compare its analytical predictions with numerical simulations of the Hamiltonian, finite
N, dynamics. We then propose, and verify numerically, a scenario for the relaxation process, relying on the Vlasov equation. When starting from a nonstationary or a Vlasov unstable stationary state, the system shows initially a rapid convergence towards a stable stationary state of the Vlasov equation via nonstationary states: we characterize numerically this dynamical instability in the finite
N system by introducing appropriate indicators. This first step of the evolution towards Boltzmann–Gibbs equilibrium is followed by a slow quasi-stationary process, that proceeds through different stable stationary states of the Vlasov equation. If the finite
N system is initialized in a Vlasov stable homogeneous state, it remains trapped in a quasi-stationary state for times that increase with the nontrivial power law
N
1.7. Single particle momentum distributions in such a quasi-stationary regime do not have power-law tails, and hence cannot be fitted by the
q-exponential distributions derived from Tsallis statistics.
ASTER GLOBAL DEM (GDEM) VERSION 3 Abrams, M.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Crippen, R.
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
01/2022, Letnik:
XLIII-B4-2022
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a 14-channel imaging instrument operating on NASA’s Terra satellite since 1999. ASTER’s visible–near infrared (VNIR) ...instrument, with three bands and a 15 m Instantaneous field of view (IFOV), is accompanied by an additional VNIR band using a second, backward-looking telescope. Collecting along-track stereo pairs, the geometry produces a base-to-height ratio of 0.6. In 2009, the ASTER Science Team released Version 1 of the global DEM (GDEM) based on stereo correlation of 1.2 million ASTER scenes. The DEM has 1 arc-second latitude and longitude postings (∼30 m) and employed cloud masking to avoid cloud-contaminated pixels. The GDEM covers all of the Earth’s land surface from 83 degrees north to 83 degrees south latitude. Version 2 was released in 2011, with notable improvements in coverage and accuracy. In 2019, the final, Version 3, was released; again improving on coverage and removing almost all artifacts. Th GDEM is a unique, global high spatial resolution digital elevation dataset available to all users at no cost. In addition, a second unique dataset was produced and released. The raster-based ASTER Global Water Body Dataset (ASTWBD) identifies the presence of permanent water bodies, and marks them as ocean, lake, or river. An accompanying DEM file indicates the elevation for each water pixel. To date, over 110+ million 1×1 degree GDEM tiles have been distributed.
We propose a classification of bifurcations of Vlasov equations, based on the strength of the resonance between the unstable mode and the continuous spectrum on the imaginary axis. We then identify ...and characterize a new type of generic bifurcation where this resonance is weak, but the unstable mode couples with a stable mode and a Casimir invariant of the system to form a size-3 Jordan block. We derive a three-dimensional reduced noncanonical Hamiltonian system describing this bifurcation. Comparison of the reduced dynamics with direct numerical simulations on a test case gives excellent agreement. We finally discuss the relevance of this bifurcation to specific physical situations.
Little is known about the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, although Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated. We investigated whether TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium regulates metabolic ...syndrome by coordinating interactions between the luminal microbiota and host genes that regulate metabolism. Mice lacking TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium (TLR4
), but not mice lacking TLR4 in myeloid cells nor mice lacking TLR4 globally, developed metabolic syndrome; these features were not observed in TLR4
mice given antibiotics. Metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiota revealed differences between TLR4
and wild-type mice, while meta-transcriptome analysis of the microbiota showed that intestinal TLR4 affected the expression of microbial genes involved in the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides. Genes regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and the antimicrobial peptide lysozyme were significantly downregulated in TLR4
mice, suggesting a mechanism by which intestinal TLR4 could exert its effects on the microbiota and metabolic syndrome. Supportingly, antibiotics prevented both downregulation of PPAR genes and the development of metabolic syndrome, while PPAR agonists prevented development of metabolic syndrome in TLR4
mice. Thus, intestinal epithelial TLR4 regulates metabolic syndrome through altered host-bacterial signaling, suggesting that microbial or PPAR-based strategies might have therapeutic potential for this disease.
Several common biological properties between cancer cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells suggest the possibility that some genes expressed in ES cells might have important roles in cancer cell growth. ...The transcription factor ZFP57 is expressed in self-renewing ES cells and its expression level decreases during ES cell differentiation. This study showed that ZFP57 is involved in the anchorage-independent growth of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells in soft agar. ZFP57 overexpression enhanced, whereas knockdown suppressed, HT1080 tumor formation in nude mice. Furthermore, ZFP57 regulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), which has a critical role in ZFP57-induced anchorage-independent growth. ZFP57 also promotes anchorage-independent growth in ES cells and immortal fibroblasts. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ZFP57 is overexpressed in human cancer clinical specimens. Taken together, these results suggest that the ES-specific transcription factor ZFP57 is a novel oncogene.
trans‐Anethole (anethole) is a phenylpropanoid; with other drugs, it exhibits synergistic activity against several fungi and is expected to be used in new therapies that cause fewer patient side ...effects. However, the detailed substructure(s) of the molecule responsible for this synergy has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the structure–activity relationships of phenylpropanoids and related derivatives, with particular attention on the methoxy group and the double bond of the propenyl group in anethole, as well as the length of the p‐alkyl chain in p‐alkylanisoles. Antifungal potency was largely related to p‐alkyl chain length and the methoxy group of anethole, but not to the double bond of its propenyl group. Production of reactive oxygen species also played a role in these fungicidal activities. Inhibition of drug efflux was associated with the length of the p‐alkyl chain and the double bond of the propenyl group in anethole, but not with the methoxy group. Although a desirable synergy was observed between n‐dodecanol and anethole or p‐alkylanisoles with a length of C2–C6 in alkyl chains, it cannot be explained away as being solely due to the inhibition of drug efflux. Similar results were obtained when phenylpropanoid derivatives were combined with fluconazole against Candida albicans.
Significance and Impact of the Study: Combination therapies that utilize adjuvant antibiotic and nonantibiotic drugs to potentiate antibiotic activity are emerging as an attractive approach to counteract fungal resistance to drugs. In this study, we investigated the structure–activity relationships of phenylpropanoids and related derivatives that restrict drug resistance by inhibiting their efflux. A desirable synergy was observed when n‐dodecanol or fluconazole was combined with a phenylpropanoid anethole and p‐alkylanisoles having alkyl chains with a length of C2–C6. Our results provide a foundation for the practical application of combination therapies against antifungal resistance.
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•Precision masses of exotic nuclei define the r-process pathway.•A new storage-ring mass spectrometry is proposed.•Individual injection method with the fragment separator is ...invented.•Cyclotron-type isochronous storage ring is designed.•RI beam science will be expanded at RIBF.
Nuclear mass is of fundamental importance, reflecting a variety of structures and interactions formed by constituent nucleons embedded in the nucleus. Precision masses of extremely neutron-rich nuclei define the pathway of r-process nucleosynthesis. The identification of the r-process is one of the unanswered questions in physics in this century. A related challenge is to measure the masses of such short-lived rare isotopes with extremely low production rates. In conjunction with high-energy and high-intensity exotic RI beams available at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory, a new type of storage-ring mass spectrometry is being developed. The novel idea of a cyclotron-like storage ring coupled with an individual injection scheme is introduced in isochronous mass spectrometry.
Abstract
We have proposed the possibility of a cost-efficient way to improve the detector performance for water Cherenkov detectors, by reflecting the usually lost light falling between ...photo-detectors onto the other side of the tank with retro-reflectors. Using a detector simulation based on optical measurements of retro-reflectors, we developed a convolutional neural network-based reconstruction algorithm. Here we report on the reconstruction performance for ring events in the energy scale expected for atmospheric and accelerator neutrinos under various candidate detector configurations.
Summary
Background
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) belongs to the ovalbumin–serpin family and is a known tumour marker. Expression of SCCA is upregulated in the serum and skin of patients with ...psoriasis.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine SCCA2 levels in association with disease severity and treatment efficacy in patients with psoriasis.
Materials and methods
Patients with psoriasis (n = 123) and healthy controls (n = 25) were enrolled in this prospective cross‐sectional study. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was performed to determine serum SCCA2 levels. SCCA2 expression in skin was evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis. Serum SCCA2 levels were compared with Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores. The effect of treatment on serum SCCA2 levels was assessed using serial examinations. Induction of SCCA2 by several psoriatic cytokines in human keratinocytes was evaluated.
Results
The serum levels of SCCA2 were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than healthy controls and correlated well with disease severity. Increased SCCA2 staining was observed in lesional skin but not in nonlesional skin of patients with psoriasis. In addition, SCCA2 expression levels in skin correlated with serum concentrations of SCCA2. SCCA2 significantly decreased according to improvement of PASI scores. Interleukin (IL)‐17 and IL‐22 synergistically increased the production of SCCA2 at both mRNA and protein levels in human keratinocytes.
Conclusions
Significant elevation of SCCA2 is associated with disease severity and reflects treatment efficacy. SCCA2 may be a useful biomarker in psoriasis, reflecting T‐helper 17‐type inflammation – the main determinant of the severity of psoriasis.
What's already known about this topic?
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) belongs to the ovalbumin–serpin family.
Serum SCCA level has been widely used as a tumour marker.
Serum SCCA level is increased in patients with psoriasis.
What does this study add?
SCCA2 level was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than healthy volunteers in both skin and serum.
Serum SCCA2 level was strongly correlated with psoriasis severity score and reflected treatment efficacy.
Expression of SCCA2 was elevated in the epidermis of patients with psoriasis and its intensity was correlated with serum SCCA2 level.
SCCA2 was strongly induced by T‐helper (Th) 17‐type cytokines in human keratinocytes.
What is the translational message?
SCCA2 may be a useful biomarker in psoriasis, reflecting Th17‐type inflammation.
Linked Comment: Yamanaka and Mizutani. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174: 1191–1192.
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