Various trials have compared the efficacy and toxicity of liposomal doxorubicin-based chemotherapy with the conventional formulation of doxorubicin although arriving at inconsistent conclusions. To ...derive a conclusive assessment of the efficacy and cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy, we performed a meta-analysis by combining data from all eligible randomized controlled trials.
We used the PubMed database to identify relevant studies published through December 28, 2014. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials directly comparing the efficacy and cardiotoxicity of liposomal doxorubicin-based chemotherapy with conventional doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer with adequate data. Odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the efficacy and cardiotoxicity in a fixed-effects or random-effects model.
Ten randomized controlled trials containing efficacy and data from a total of 2,889 advanced breast cancer patients were included in this report. Liposomal doxorubicin-based chemotherapy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of cardiotoxicity (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.92, p = 0.03) and a significant improvement in the overall response rate (ORR) (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.52, p=0.03) compared with conventional doxorubicin. An apparent improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) for patients treated with liposomal doxorubicin-based chemotherapy was noted; however, this difference was not significant (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.34, p = 0.12). In terms of overall survival (OS), no significant difference between the two chemotherapy regimens was noted (HR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.10, p = 0.93).
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that liposomal doxorubicin-based chemotherapy is associated with a significant improvement in the ORR and a significant reduction in the risk of cardiotoxicity.
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) and functionally graded structures (FGSs) are special types of advanced composites with peculiar features and advantages. This article reviews the design criteria ...of functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), which is capable of fabricating gradient components with versatile functional properties. Conventional geometrical‐based design concepts have limited potential for FGAM and multi‐scale design concepts (from geometrical patterning to microstructural design) are needed to develop gradient components with specific graded properties at different locations. FGMs and FGSs are of great interest to a larger range of industrial sectors and applications including aerospace, automotive, biomedical implants, optoelectronic devices, energy absorbing structures, geological models, and heat exchangers. This review presents an overview of various fabrication ideas and suggestions for future research in terms of design and creation of FGMs and FGSs, benefiting a wide variety of scientific fields.
Multi‐scale functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM) design is reviewed and the state‐of‐the‐art of FGAM technologies and multifunctionalities and potential applications in biomedical implants, optoelectronic devices, energy absorbing structures, geological models, and heat exchangers is summarized. An overview of various fabrication suggestions for future research in terms of design and creation of FGM/FGS is also presented, benefiting a wide variety of scientific fields.
Abstract
Background
The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, which is a new surrogate indicator of insulin resistance (IR), is thought to be associated with many diseases, such as cardiovascular ...disease, but its relationship with cerebrovascular disease is still controversial.
Methods
The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Medline databases were searched until March 2022 to evaluate the association between the TyG index and cerebrovascular disease risk. A random‒effects model was used to calculate the effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
A total of 19 cohort studies and 10 case‒control/cross‒sectional studies were included in our study, which included 11,944,688 participants. Compared with a low TyG index, a higher TyG index increased the risk of cerebrovascular disease (RR/HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.14, 1.30,
P
< 0.001; OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.07, 1.23,
P
< 0.001). Furthermore, the results of the dose-response analysis of the cohort study demonstrated that the risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.19 times per 1 mg/dl increment of the TyG index (relative risk = 1.19, 95% CI 1.13,1.25,
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion
TyG index is related to cerebrovascular disease. More data and basic research are needed to confirm the association.
The tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKI） of the epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） are becoming the first line of therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Acquired mutations in EGFR ...account for one of the major mechanisms of resistance to the TKIs. Three generations of EGFR TKIs have been used in clinical applications. AZD9291 （osimertinib; Tagrisso） is the first and only FDA approved third-generation EGFR TKI for T790M-positive advanced NSCLC patients. However, resistance to AZD9291 arises after 9-13 months of therapy. The mechanisms of resistance to third-generation inhibitors reported to date include the EGFR C797S mutation, EGFR L718Q mutation, and amplifications of HER-2, MET, or ERBB2. To overcome the acquired resistance to AZD9291, EAI045 was discovered and recently reported to be an allosteric EGFR inhibitor that overcomes T790M- and C797S-mediated resistance. This review summarizes recent investigations on the mechanisms of resistance to the EGFR TKIs, as well as the latest development of EAI045 as a fourth-generation EGFR inhibitor.
In order to study the mechanical properties of ultra-high performance engineered cementitious composites (UHP-ECC) used for cable channel repair, orthogonal tests were carried out with four ...influencing factors, water binder ratio, silica fume, fly ash and mortar ratio, to obtain the optimum mix ratio of the cement paste. On this basis, the effects of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber on the fluidity, flexural strength and compressive strength of UHP-ECC were studied, and the micromechanism was analyzed with SEM. The results show that the fluidity of UHP-ECC material prepared was 170-200 mm, which meets the requirements of working performance. The average compressive strength at 28 days reached 85.3 MPa, and the average flexural strength at 28 days reached 22.3 MPa. EVA polymer has a fast film forming rate in an alkaline environment. The formed polymer film wraps the fiber, enhances the bridging role between the fiber and the matrix and increases the viscosity of the material. Therefore, the early flexural strength is significantly improved. The 1-d flexural strength of UHP-ECC material mixed with 9-mm fiber is increased by 18%, and the 1-d flexural strength of 3-mm fiber is increased by 15%. Due to PVA fiber's high elastic modulus and tensile strength, it improved the flexural and tensile properties of the material after incorporation, especially in the later stages; the 28-d flexural strength of UHP-ECC material mixed with 9-mm fiber increased by 12%, and the 28-d flexural strength of 3-mm fiber increased by 7%. It was concluded that the effect of 9-mm PVA fiber is better than that of 3 mm PVA fiber.
The fault prediction of the electromagnetic launch (EML) system is an important guarantee to improve the reliability of the system, but there is no mature method that can be directly applied. ...Combined with the engineering practice of large-scale EML system, a fault prediction method based on knowledge prediction time series is proposed. First, the high-frequency waveform collected in each launch is extended into a time series along the number of launches; second, an intelligent waveform features extraction expert system is constructed to realize feature extraction; third, multidimensional feature sequence prediction and waveform prediction are realized by using two neural networks, respectively; finally, fault prediction is realized by associating the fault diagnosis knowledge. The temperature rising test data of a railgun system for 15 consecutive launches and the recoil stroke test data of noncontinuous 78 launches are used as the input source of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can automatically extract the features with fault trend. The single step prediction error of features is less than 1.47%, and the mean square error of curve prediction is half of the results of SARIMA prediction algorithm. Through the temperature rise curves, the proposed algorithm can predict the fault free of the 14th and 15th launch. According to the recoil stroke curves, the fault of the launcher of the 75th launch is predicted. The actual analysis shows that the fault prediction accuracy is high, and the algorithm can significantly improve the system reliability after being applied to engineering.
Recently, trace representation of a class of balanced quaternary sequences of period p from the classical cyclotomic classes was given by Yang et al. (Cryptogr. Commun.,15 (2023): 921-940). In this ...letter, based on the generalized cyclotomic classes, we define a class of balanced quaternary sequences of period pn, where p = ef + 1 is an odd prime number and satisfies e ≡ 0 (mod 4). Furthermore, we calculate the defining polynomial of these sequences and obtain the formula for determining their trace representations over ℤ4, by which the linear complexity of these sequences over ℤ4 can be determined.
Gallic acid (GA) and lecithin showed important roles in antioxidant and drug delivery, respectively. A complex synthesized from GA and soybean lecithin (SL-GAC), significantly improved ...bioavailability of GA and pharmacological activities. However, the antioxidant activity of SL-GAC and its effect on iron-overload-induced liver injury remains unexplored.
This study investigates the antioxidant properties of SL-GAC in vitro and in mice, and its remediating effects against liver injury by iron-overloaded.
In vitro, free radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and ferric reducing power of SL-GAC were measured by absorbance photometry. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were randomized into 4 groups: control, iron-overloaded, iron-overloaded + deferoxamine, and iron-overloaded + SL-GAC. Treatments with deferoxamine (150 mg/kg/intraperitioneally) and SL-GAC (200 mg/kg/orally) were given to the desired groups for 12 weeks, daily. Iron levels, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters were determined by histopathological examination and molecular biological techniques.
In vitro, SL-GAC showed DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activity with IC
50
values equal to 24.92 and 128.36 μg/mL, respectively. In C57BL/6J mice, SL-GAC significantly reduced the levels of serum iron (22.82%), liver iron (50.29%), aspartate transaminase (25.97%), alanine transaminase (38.07%), gamma glutamyl transferase (42.11%), malondialdehyde (19.82%), total cholesterol (45.96%), triglyceride (34.90%), ferritin light chain (18.51%) and transferrin receptor (27.39%), while up-regulated the levels of superoxide dismutase (24.69%), and glutathione (11.91%).
These findings encourage the use of SL-GAC to treat liver injury induced by iron-overloaded. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to validate its potential in clinical medicine.
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•Propose a preparation method for 3D-printed bioceramics with immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis.•Finding that 3D-printed bioceramics have excellent mineralization ...properties.•Finding that 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds can solve implant migration and ectopic osteogenesis of DBM.•3D-printed bioceramics have excellent biosafety, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis.
Personalized repair of bone defects remains a tremendous clinical challenge. Developing 3D-printed bioceramics with excellent osteogenic potential is an effective therapeutic strategy to overcome this challenge. In this study, we prepared composite bioceramics (designated as CSC-DBM) with immunomodulatory, vascularization, and osteogenesis based on calcium silicate (CS) bioceramics, calcium sulfate (CSH), and decalcified bone matrix (DBM). CSC-DBM bioceramics has an unmatched biomineralization potential due to the synergistic promotion of CS and CSH. Meanwhile, CSC-DBM bioceramics could effectively modulate the immune response, induce M2 macrophage polarization, promote vascular regeneration, and further enhance new bone formation. In summary, this composite bioceramics made of CS bioceramics, CSH, and DBM can provide a new solution for bone defect repair in the clinic.
Cancer has become a major challenge in the global disease burden. Artificial sweeteners are a class of chemical compounds that are used as food and beverage addition agent to replace sugar. However, ...the health effects of consuming artificial sweeteners are still unclear. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the role of artificial sweeteners on cancer. The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched up until July 2022. A Newcastle−Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to estimate the study quality. A total of 25 observational studies were included with a total of 3,739,775 subjects. The intake of artificial sweeteners had no apparent association with overall cancer incidence and mortality. However, in Europe, artificial sweeteners’ intake could increase the risk of cancer incidence (HR/RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.12, I2 = 25.8%, P = 0.223), which appears to be related to a shift in nutritional behaviors in the countries. Significant results were also observed in subgroups with aspartame and a mixed intake of artificial sweeteners. Moreover, higher risk was observed for artificial sweeteners intake in all-cause mortality (HR/RR =1.13, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.25, I2 = 79.7%, p < 0.001) and a J-shaped association between them was found. More data from well-conducted studies and clinical trials are required.
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