In this paper, the design of a diffractive optical system that can generate lattice clouds and is based on the unique optical properties of a polarizer is presented. In this system, the light source ...is injected into a diffractive optical element (DOE) through the polarizer and then projected onto the projection surface to form spot arrays. Analysis of the experimental results shows that, with the addition of the polarizer, the lattice cloud image not only has good uniformity and high optical efficiency that are not affected by the polarization angles, but also can effectively remove stray light and other unwanted optical phenomena.
Role ethics, broadly speaking, is a normative ethical theory that has a prominent emphasis on roles. Although it was prominent in ancient cultures, such as in China and Greece, role ethics waned ...during the Enlightenment era. Not until very recently has role ethics been articulated in its own terms. Among current discussions on roles, the most systematic role ethics are Confucian role ethics (as interpreted by Roger Ames and some others), Epictetus’ role ethics (as interpreted by Brian Johnson), Sarah Harper’s role-centered morality and Jeremy Evans’ role ethics. They are my primary interlocutors as I develop and defend an alternative approach to understanding, examining and guiding our ethical life. By arguing that our ethical life is pervasively structured by roles, and drawing on the lights that my primary interlocutors have shed, I propose a role-structured ethics or role ethics that addresses some central issues regarding the nature of roles, the self, role identification, role fulfillment, role conflicts, and changing roles. Importantly, I emphasize the place of traditions in constructing a complete normative role ethics. So throughout the dissertation, I outline and defend the basic structure of any plausible specific role ethics, which is neutral among various traditions. I call such a structure “Role Ethics.” In particular, I investigate the nature of roles and its relation to the self, role fulfillment and its relation to the concept of duties, virtues and skills, as well as the nature of role conflicts and how to approach them. Along these lines of exploration, I also argue that they have important implications on the dignity of persons, moral education, and the notion of practical wisdom. Last but not the least, due to the universality of roles in various traditions, I propose that Role Ethics can serve as a platform to bring various traditions into meaningful dialogue.
High energy consumption limits low - temperature plasma application in terms of waste gas treatment. In order to further improve the efficiency of handling waste gas by using gliding arc plasma, it ...is put forward that gliding arc plasma is cooperated with photocatalyst to deal with exhaust gas. In this paper, sulfur dioxide was acted as target gas to be dealt with. The molecular sieve loading TiO 2 was selected as photocatalyst. Based on the traditional two knife - shaped gliding arc plasma experiment device, it is designed that a gas - liquid two - phase gliding arc plasma is combined with photocatalyst to treat waste gas. The research was done to investigate the effect of different parameters including the loading times, catalyst dosagev and pH value of liquid phase solution, etc on removal efficiency of sulfur dioxide gas under different operating conditions. TiO2 sol was made by sol - gel method, it was supported on the molecular sieve by means of the impregnation method, finally, supported catalyst was placed in gliding arc plasma reactor with the way of a paragraph. By using emission spectrometer, the Spectral characteristics was observed to comparing the amount of hydroxyl radicals produced by plasma respectively under the different conditions of neutral solution, alkaline solution and adding catalyst with alkaline solution. The change of sulfur dioxide gas concentration before and after the reaction was measured by means of a flue gas analyzer, to analyze the influence of different parameters on removal efficiency of sulfur dioxide gas. The acidity and alkalinity property of liquid phase is changed by adding HCl solution and NaOH solution. The pH value of liquid phase solution in a gas - liquid two - phase gliding arc plasma is measured by utilizing pH meter, to reach the aim of studying the action of pH value on the removal efficiency of sulfur dioxide gas at synergistic device. The result shows, with loading 4 times, catalyst dosage 25 g, pH value of liquid phase solution 14, the removal efficiency can approach over 96%. The gas - liquid two - phase gliding arc plasma assisted with supported photocatalyst as an emerging technology to remove the exhaust gas, via exploring its mechanism and synergistic effect, the technology will provide the basis for the realization of industrial waste gas treatment.
Rhodamine-based fluorescent probe is widely used in chemical analysis, environmental analysis and life sciences area due to their excellent optical properties. Based on the thiophilic property of ...Hg2＋, using C = S structural motif as the core segment, our group have designed and synthesized three novel probes containing cinnamyl aldehyde with different substituents, exhibiting high selectivity and excellent sensitivity. The structure-property relationships of these probes have been investigated that the optical change caused by electron withdrawing effect and heavy atom effect. Furthermore, these Hg2＋ probes could be applied in living mice imaging, which provide a promising tool for quantitative mercury（Ⅱ） ion imaging in living organism.
The removals of NO x by low temperature plasma produced from gas-liquid two phase dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) were investigated, also studied the major particles information of gas-liquid two ...phase DBD by emission spectroscopy, and analyzed effects of peak voltage, gas residence time, gas flow rate and NO x initial concentration to the removal of NO x . The results show that OH radicals spectral intensity of gas-liquid two phase DBD is far more than plate plate electrode DBD, so it is more adapt to the removal of NO x . Increasing the peak voltage and gas residence time is good for reduction of NO x , increasing gas flow rate and NO x initial concentration have inhibitory effect on NO x removal. The results have a guiding significance on the application of NO x removal by low temperature plasma.
In this report we present an electron spin resonance (ESR) investigation of the yields of the individual free radicals formed in γ-irradiated frozen DNA as a function of hydration and dose at 77 K. ...Analysis of the ESR spectra taken at low hydration shows that the ion radical composition remains nearly constant with dose and that few secondary radicals are formed even at high doses (above about 50 kGy). For fully hydrated samples, the radical composition changes dramatically with dose. Thymine anion radical (${\rm T}^{-\bullet}$) is found in abundance at low doses but nearly disappears at higher doses, with a corresponding increase in the N-3 deuterated cytosine anion radical (${\rm C}_{{\rm D}}{}^{\bullet}$). Guanine cation radical (${\rm G}^{+\bullet}$) decreases at high doses, with a concomitant increase in secondary radical species (${\rm S}^{\bullet}$). Analysis of the dose-response data for G values (the yields in μM/J), k values (the destruction constants) and k′ values (a new constant that characterizes the change in G with dose) was performed for each of the DNA base free radicals present at 77 K. The G value for each of the base radicals increases with the hydration level. The k values for ${\rm C}_{{\rm D}}{}^{\bullet}$ and ${\rm G}^{+\bullet}$ increase slightly with hydration; however, that of ${\rm T}^{-\bullet}$ increases substantially. Destruction constants for neutral radicals such as ${\rm TH}^{\bullet}$ and ${\rm C}_{{\rm D}}{}^{\bullet}$ are found to be substantially smaller than those for ion radicals and provide an indication of the radical charge state. A negative k′ value for ${\rm T}^{-\bullet}$ and a positive k′ value for ${\rm C}_{{\rm D}}{}^{\bullet}$ are explained in terms of radiation effects that result in the formation of a deuterated cytosine base, i.e., ${\rm C}({\rm N}3){\rm D}^{+}$, which greatly increases cytosine's electron affinity. The ratio of anion radical to cation radical concentrations is found to be about 1.6 and is invariant with hydration. A speculation on the imbalance based on hole-hole combinations in spurs is presented.
In this paper, An adjustable analog predistortion linearizer for double inflection point power amplifier is proposed. In this circuit, a hybrid impedance matching network (HIMN) composed of a ...Schottky diode and two varactor diodes is introduced before the nonlinear load (NL). Adjusting the varactor and Schottky diode bias voltages achieves adjustable gain and phase conversion and adjustable inflection depth, respectively. A reflection linearizer circuit operating at 4.8GHz is designed and fabricated. The measurement results show that by increasing the bias voltage of the varactors, the gain expansion increases from 2.4 dB to 6.7 dB, the phase compression increases from 14.2 ° to 46.7 °. The shape of the predistortion curve can be adjusted by adjusting the Schottky diode bias voltage. The maximum adjustment range of inflection point depth is 0~4.1dB, while the gain and phase compensation are basically unchanged.
Based on the doublet, a class of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) with flexible response is proposed. Second-order filtering responses are implemented by a hybrid dual-mode resonant cavity whose ...modes can be controlled independently. Two transmission zeros (TZs) are introduced by adding source-load (SL) coupling to the doublet. Flexible responses with two transmission poles (TPs) and two TZs located at left side or both sides of the passband are obtained in our design, resulting in high selectivity and decent out-of-band suppression. Finally, the coupling matrix synthesis and simulated results are given, demonstrating our design concept.
Using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, we have identified the cysteine thiol peroxyl radical (CysSOO.) at low temperatures in two aqueous glasses. This radical shows a typical peroxyl ...radical ESR spectrum, but unlike carbon-based peroxyl radicals has a violet color (lambda max = 540 nm) and forms a new radical showing a singlet ESR spectrum when photobleached with visible light. The cysteine peroxyl radical reacts to form the cysteine sulfinyl radical (CysSO.) in the glass which allows warming to 165K. 17O isotopic substitution studies indicate dissolved molecular oxygen is the source of oxygen in CysSOO.. Anisotropic g-values and the parallel anisotropic 17O hyperfine couplings for this radical are reported.
