•Ultrasound can enhance the decontamination effect of chemical disinfectants, and effectively remove the biofilm of bacteria.•Ultrasound-assisted thermal technology can effectively reduce the number ...of food-borne pathogens in ready-to-eat foods.•Ultrasound can enhance the mass transfer process, increase the penetration rate, and shorten the dehydration and curing time.•Ultrasonic cooking promotes the oxidation of proteins and lipids to enrich the flavor of meat products.•Ultrasound and ultrasound-assisted traditional tenderization technology can effectively improve the tenderness of meat.
With the increase in food standardization and the pace of modern life, the demand for ready-to-eat foods is growing. The strong processing conditions of traditional technology often accelerate the rate of deterioration of quality, and microbes are the safety hazard of ready-to-eat foods. Ultrasound technology is an environmentally friendly technology that hardly causes thermal damage to raw materials. In this paper, the ultrasound technology is used in the disinfection, sterilization, enzyme inactivation, desensitization, dehydration, curing, tenderization and cooking process of fresh food from the perspective of microbial safety and quality of fresh food. The cavitation effect of ultrasound can improve the mass transfer rate of infiltration processes such as dehydration and curing, promote the oxidation of lipids and proteins for enrich the flavor of meat products, improve the microbiological safety and reduce the sensitization by destroying the integrity of the microbial cells and the conformation of the protein. In addition, ultrasound as an auxiliary processing technology can reduce the damage of traditional production technology to reserve the quality and nutritional value of food. Ultrasound has proved to be an efficient and green processing technology for ready-to-eat food.
Visual pH-sensing films containing curcumin (CR) and anthocyanins (ATH) were prepared as on-package indicator labels for nondestructively detecting fish freshness in real time. Fourier transform ...infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that CR and ATH were successfully immobilized into the film-forming substrate based on starch, polyvinyl alcohol (SPVA) and glycerol. The incorporation of different natural dyes had no significant effect on moisture content, water solubility, water vapor permeability and thickness of colorimetric films. Results of color stability test illustrated that the composite films incorporated with CR were the most stable and the composite film incorporated with ATH was least stable at room temperature for 180 days. The colorimetric film without glycerol was found less sensitive to volatile ammonia. Based on the volatile amines released by fish, an application trial of five colorimetric films containing natural dyes was conducted in bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) at 4 °C. Results showed that the SPVA/glycerol film incorporated with CR and ATH at a ratio of 2:8 (v/v) could provide three different colors, which were assigned to the sign of freshness, medium freshness, and spoilage for packaged fish. Hence, this colorimetric film can be applied as a promising material of intelligent packaging for non-destructively monitoring the real-time freshness of fish products.
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•Five different films were incorporated with anthocyanins, curcumin and their mixed dyes.•Films respond via visible color change to volatiles in the package headspace.•SPVAG/ATH/CR film can discriminate fresh, medium fresh, and spoiled bighead carp.
Currently most of food printers apply one printhead to extrude a single or a mixture of multiple materials. Such a printhead cannot control the materials distribution in a drop-on-demand way, while a ...multi-extruder printer enables the fabrication of highly attractive multi-material constructs with higher geometric complexity. In this study, the effects of extruder offset and retraction on the printing behavior were firstly optimized, followed by the preliminary tests of two methods of dual extrusion 3D printing. Method A is to create a multi-part model and assign each of them to one extruder. Method B is to create a single part model and assign different roles to each extruder. Some constructs with different inside shape were created using Method A. Product hardness and gumminess increased linearly with mashed potatoes (MP) percentage but showed no correlation with inside shape. Porous samples with special texture were printed using Method B by varying infill levels. Total printing time, firmness, hardness and gumminess increased with infill levels, and a clear discrimination was observed by principle component analysis (PCA). This suggested that dual extrusion 3D printing enables the fabrication of attractive multi-material constructs and has a potential to tailor textural properties of samples through varying infill percentage.
•A multi-extruder printer was used to print mashed potatoes/strawberry juice gel.•Extruder offset and retraction value of dual extrusion printing were optimized.•Texture modified edible parts were created by varying internal infill level.
The aim of this work was to develop an easy-to-use food package label for pork shelf-life assessment. Meat samples were packaged in polyethylene terephthalate trays with on-package indicator labels ...and kept at 5 °C for 8 days. These indicators contained three groups of pH-sensitive dyes, i.e., bromocresol purple, bromothymol blue, and a mixture of bromothymol blue and methyl red. Results of pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) contents, aerobic plate counts and sensory scores of pork differentiated between fresh (on 0–3 days), medium fresh (on 4–5 days), and spoiled lean pork (on 6–8 days). Results of total color difference and principal components analysis carried out with colorimetric data of different indicator labels showed that the indicator label made by a mixture of bromothymol blue and methyl red at 3:2 proportion (at an initial pH of 5.0) was able to discriminate fresh (red), medium fresh (goldenrod), and spoiled (green) pork in cold storage. The statistical models obtained by partial least squares, with the color change of label, successfully predicted TVB-N contents and aerobic plate counts of pork. These results suggest the potential feasibility of this particular indicator system for monitoring freshness of packaged pork via color change detected directly using the naked eye.
•pH dye-based indicator labels were studied for lean pork meat spoilage assessment.•Indicator responds via visible color change to volatiles in the package headspace.•Indicator color change presents a similar tendency to microbial growth.•Indicator color change can discriminate fresh, medium fresh, and spoiled pork.
In recent years, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) has received a lot of attentions owing to their great physical and optical properties. There are different kinds of carbon sources applied in various ...fields, however, CQDs used in the food industry have higher requirements for their safety. Therefore, it is the best way to use natural materials for preparing CQDs without the participation of chemicals. Up to now, there are many natural food products for preparing CQDs. However, food waste is often overlooked. Actually, food waste is rich in carbon sources. And the efficient utilization of food waste plays a positive role in economic benefit and environmental pollution.
Proper use of food waste as carbon source not only facilitates food safety detection but also increases byproduct value. This paper was intended to review the research progress of food waste utilization as carbon precursor and applications in food safety detection. The approaches of preparing CQDs from different sorts of food wastes, the characteristics and applications of CQDs were described in detail. Particularly the applications in food quality and safety detection including food additives, heavy metal ions were also elaborated.
Currently, food waste as carbon source could be divided into plant byproducts, animal food byproducts and food processing byproducts. Moreover, there are many applications of food waste as carbon precursor in CQDs technology to detect food additives and heavy metal ions. However, detection of pathogens and other harmful substances in food industry is rare. Last but not least, it was concluded that food waste had potential to prepare CQDs and be applied to food safety detection.
•The knowledges of carbon quantum dot technology are described.•Food waste as source in carbon quantum dot technology are reviewed.•The applications of carbon quantum dot in food industry are reviewed.•The green synthesis methods of carbon quantum dot are outlined.
The rheological properties of raw materials as 3D printing inks play a vital role in their printability and quality. This work was aimed to evaluate the potential of low field nuclear magnetic ...resonance (LF-NMR) and dielectric characteristics (at 915 and 2450 MHz) to predict the rheological properties and estimate the printability of surimi gels at different NaCl and water concentrations. Hierarchical cluster analysis of rheological parameters showed four groups of surimi gels, which were described as difficult extrusion, good extrusion and self-supporting, good extrusion but poor self-supporting, and difficult formation. Comparison of two monitoring techniques, discriminant analysis based on LF-NMR showed a higher classification accuracy of printability in samples, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) models using LF-NMR for predicting main rheological properties had better predictive accuracy and robustness. Thus, the study indicated that LF-NMR has a great potential in predicting rheological properties and estimating the printability of surimi gels.
•Hierarchical cluster analysis of rheological parameters showed four groups of samples.•LF-NMR and dielectric parameters were partially relevant with rheological properties.•Better prediction obtained of multiple rheological parameters simultaneously by LF-NMR.•LF-NMR has a great potential for printability assessment of surimi gels.
Immunosuppressive molecules are extremely valuable prognostic biomarkers across different cancer types. However, the diversity of different immunosuppressive molecules makes it very difficult to ...accurately predict clinical outcomes based only on a single immunosuppressive molecule. Here, we establish a comprehensive immune scoring system (ISS
) based on 6 immunosuppressive ligands (NECTIN2, CEACAM1, HMGB1, SIGLEC6, CD44, and CD155) using the LASSO method to improve prognostic accuracy and provide an additional selection strategy for adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer (GC). The results show that ISS
is an independent prognostic factor and a supplement of TNM stage for GC patients, and it can improve their prognosis prediction accuracy; in addition, it can distinguish GC patients with better prognosis from those with high prognostic nutritional index score; furthermore, ISS
can also be used as a tool to select GC patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy independent of their TNM stages, MSI status and EBV status.
The triad of noise-generated, drug-induced, and age-related hearing loss is the major cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) in modern society. Although these three forms of hearing ...loss display similar underlying mechanisms, detailed studies have revealed the presence of sex differences in the auditory system both in human and animal models of ASNHL. However, the sexual dimorphism of hearing varies among noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), ototoxicity, and age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Importantly, estrogen may play an essential role in modulating the pathophysiological mechanisms in the cochlea and several reports have shown that the effects of hormone replacement therapy on hearing loss are complex. This review will summarize the clinical features of sex differences in ASNHL, compare the animal investigations of cochlear sexual dimorphism in response to the three insults, and address how estrogen affects the auditory organ at molecular levels.
Solution‐processable organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been applied to a variety of optoelectronic devices due to its long exciton lifetime and small binding energy. It has emerged ...as promising front‐runners for next‐generation non‐volatile flash photomemory devices. However, the effect of crystal orientation of perovskite on the performance of photomemory still has not fully developed. Herein, non‐volatile flash photomemory with quasi‐2D perovskite/polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO) as photoactive floating‐gate and p‐type semiconductor poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) as the chare‐transporting layer is successfully demonstrated. By adding phenylethylammonium bromide (PEABr) in formamidinium lead bromide perovskite (FAPbBr3), the crystal orientation of quasi‐2D perovskite is highly improved, which results in raised charge transfer efficiency from 76% to 90% compared to the pure FAPbBr3. Furthermore, ON/OFF current ratio of 104, low photo‐programming time of 5 ms under light intensity of 0.85 mW cm−2, charge transfer rate of 0.063 ns−1, and data storage capacity of over 7 bits (128 levels) in one cell can be achieved. In addition, the correlation between photo‐responsive current and photoluminescence (PL) is first examined by in operando PL measurement, which provides a new platform to explore the charge transfer process in photomemory.
Non‐volatile flash photomemory with quasi‐2D perovskite/polystyrene‐block poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO) as photoactive floating‐gate is successfully demonstrated. Through adding phenylethylammonium bromide (PEABr) in formamidinium lead bromide perovskite (FAPbBr3), the charge transfer efficiency is greatly raised from 76% to 90%. Furthermore, ON/OFF current ratio of 104, photo‐programming time of 5 ms, and data storage capacity of 7 bits can be achieved.
The effect of ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration (UOD) prior to infrared drying (IR) on the drying time and quality properties of dried Pakchoi stems was studied. Results suggested that the ...ultrasound application could significantly increase the mass transfer during the osmotic process. The UOD pretreated samples showed higher relaxation times of T
23
and lower relative signal intensities of A
23
using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) analysis. Moreover, the cell structural damage and mircrochannel formation caused by the UOD pretreatment resulted in a 25 ∼ 42% reduction in drying time. Although, the chlorophyl and ascorbic acid contents of IR dried Pakchoi stems with UOD pretreatment were relatively lower in comparison with those of untreated samples, the color was better retained and the rehydration ratio was significantly improved by UOD pretreatments.
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