Complex oxide heterointerfaces provide a platform to manipulate spin-orbit coupling under the broken inversion symmetry. Moreover, their weak antilocalization (WAL) effect displays quantum coherent ...behavior due to the strong spin-orbit coupling. Herein, we break through the limitation of lattice mismatch at ReAlO
/STO (Re = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd) heterointerfaces and obtain their two-dimensional electric gas (2DEG) by spin coating. The effect of different Re elements in the resulting quantum corrections on the conductivity is investigated. It is observed that the conductivity of heterointerfaces is reduced with larger atomic numbers due to the ionization potential of Re elements. Moreover, magnetoresistance (MR) measurements in a perpendicular or a parallel field distinctly uncover strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in ReAO/STO samples besides SAO/STO (Re = Sm) and GAO/STO (Re = Gd), and the effective fields of the SOC (
) gradually increase from LAO/STO (Re = La,
= 0.82 T) to NAO/STO (Re = Nd,
= 1.37 T) at 2 K. The competition between SOC scattering and inelastic scattering is revealed through a temperature-dependence study of MR, and the WAL-weak localization transition is at about 6 K. Furthermore, unambiguous results of the Kondo effect, nonlinear Hall, hysteresis loop, and Rashba SOC suggest the coexistence of WAL at the PAO/STO (Re = Pr) heterointerface with exchange coupling between the localized magnetic moment and the itinerant electron. These results pave a unique route for the exploration of spin-polarized 2DEGs at oxide heterointerfaces.
Although the amorphous two-dimensional electron gas (a-2DEG) of oxides provides new opportunities to explore nanoelectronic as well as quantum devices, the intrinsic effect of rare earth (Re = La, ...Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, and Tm) elements at ReAlO
/SrTiO
heterointerfaces is still largely unknown and needs to be addressed systematically. Herein, we first propose that the ionization potential of Re elements is a critical factor for the 2DEG fabricated by chemical spin coating. Furthermore, the photoresponsive properties of heterointerfaces are investigated comprehensively with the ionization potential ranging from 35.79 to 41.69 eV. The results show that the sheet resistances significantly increase with increasing the ionization potential, and a resistance upturn phenomenon is observed at TmAlO
/SrTiO
heterointerfaces, which can be attributed to the weak localization effect theoretically. The most important observation is the dramatic transition from negative (-178.3%, Re = La) to positive (+89.9%, Re = Gd) photoresponse at ReAlO
/SrTiO
heterointerfaces under the irradiation of 405 nm light at 50 K. More remarkably, a unique recovery behavior of transient-persistent photoconductivity coexistence at low temperatures is discovered at the TmAlO
/SrTiO
heterointerface. This work reveals an effective approach to tune the transport and photoresponsive properties by changing Re elements and paves the way for the application of all-oxide devices.
A deep understanding of UV light response of KTaO3 (KTO) has been explored by means of temperature dependent UV treatment. Two different temperature dependent measurement schemes have been utilized ...to differentiate between the shallow carriers and deep carriers. A fake transition at 220 K is found, which is actually due to the UV-induced oxygen sub-bands, resulting in the transition in photo-response from transient to persistent. Giant change in the resistance is observed for cooling as compared to heating of substrate, which is credited to the small recombination rate at low temperatures. This temperature dependent resistance response of KTaO3 under UV light provides an importance of the measurement way of photo-charge carriers in KTaO3.
•A fake phase transition in KTaO3 is observed at high temperatures contrary to the present explored physics of KTaO3, which is resulted from the interaction of UV light with KTO. UV induced sub-bands are found to be the main cause behind such behaviour. Light induced defects are important to be explored to explore the materials for complex structures.
Two-dimensional Ti
C
T
MXene-based hybrids-anchored magnetic metal nanoparticles show a huge potential application as effective wave absorbers due to the synergistic electromagnetic (EM) loss effect. ...In this work, uniform and size-controllable nickel, cobalt, or nickel-cobalt alloy nanoparticles were in situ grown on the surface of MXene via a facile and moderate co-solvothermal method for the first time. As an example, a nickel nanoparticles-anchored MXene (Ni@MXene) hybrid was homodispersed into dielectric polyvinylidene fluoride to develop its EM wave-absorbing capacity to a great extent. As expected, the results showed strong reflection loss (RL
= -52.6 dB at 8.4 GHz), broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB = 3.7 GHz including 71% of X-band), low loading (10 wt % Ni@MXene), and thin thickness (3.0 mm). By adjusting the sample thickness, EAB can cover completely the whole X-band with a maximum of 6.1 GHz, showing a huge potential of Ni@MXene hybrid applying as aircraft stealth coating. The mechanism analyses revealed that the excellent impedance matching, magnetocoupling effect, conductance, magnetic loss, and multiple scatterings contribute to the splendid EM wave-absorbing performance of the Ni@MXene hybrid. Considering the excellent overall performance, the Ni@MXene hybrid was identified as a promising candidate for EM wave absorption.
The two-dimensional electron gas at the interfaces of insulating oxides has been one of the hot issues contributing to the development of all-oxide devices. The introduced buffer layer at interfaces ...will produce some strange physical properties due to the broken space-reversal symmetry. Here, we investigate the electronic transport property at heterointerfaces by introducing buffer layers of lanthanum cobaltate with different thicknesses. It is found that the interfaces show a metal-to-insulator transition, and the mobility is enhanced by more than 1 order of magnitude upon increasing the thickness. More importantly, two types of carriers at the interfaces are observed, simultaneously accompanied by the spin–orbit coupling effect, which can be attributed to the occupation of the 3d-orbit band of carriers. These results show that the buffered materials at interfaces can be designed to tune the spin–orbit coupling effect and lay a foundation for further applications of oxide spintronic devices.
Ice cream is one of the most popular dairy foods in the world. But it has long been recognized as a high‐calorie food and may not be suitable for certain segments of the population. Oat‐based food ...products are considered as functional foods due to its rich β‐glucan. A symbiotic oat‐based frozen yogurt (SOFY) containing fermented oat, probiotics, and inulin (prebiotic) was developed, and its effects on serum lipids in rats were evaluated. The new product had 4.10% protein, 8.50% fat, and 2.10% fiber, respectively. Bifidobacterium remained 106 CFU/ml up to 8 weeks. Triglycerides levels of the rats fed with 30% or 35% SOFY were significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein levels of experimental rat groups decreased with increased SOFY, and the difference was very significant between group with 35% SOFY and control groups (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in high‐density lipoprotein between each two groups (p > 0.05). Hepatic cell cords of rats after administration of SOFY showed orderly manner and normal hepatocyte morphology compared with those of rats in control group. Results indicated that consumption of oat‐based frozen yogurt could lower serum lipids levels in rats.
symbiotic oat‐based frozen yogurt significantly decreased the TG, TC, and LDL‐c levels in hyperlipidemia rats. SOFY contained fermented oat, prebiotics and probiotics. The soluble fiber content in SOFY was 2.10%.
Ice cream is one of the most popular dairy foods. However, it may be not suitable for certain segments of the population due to its high sugar and fat. Oats‐based products are considered as ...functional foods as they are rich in β‐glucan. The objectives of this study were to develop a symbiotic oat‐based frozen yogurt containing fermented oat, probiotics and inulin (prebiotic) and to evaluate its effects on serum triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol in rats. Fermented oat base was prepared by fermenting cooked and sterilized oat slurry with probiotic cultures at 43oC for 6 h. The oat‐based frozen yogurt was formulated using fermented oat base, inulin, sweeteners, soy protein, vegetable oils, and emulsifiers. The new product was analyzed for chemical composition (%, protein: 4.1+0.1; fat: 8.5+0.2; carbohydrates: 22.0+0.2; soluble fiber: 2.10+0.02; calcium: 0.27+0.02) and probiotic survivability. The initial populations of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus acidophilus in the experimental frozen yogurt were 8.4×106 and 5.6×103CFU/ml, respectively. Bifidobacterium remained stable during storage at ‐18oC. Rats (Wistar) were conditioned and their TG and cholesterol levels were measured before and after feeding trials. Rats (3 groups) were fed with diets containing 25% (L), 30% (M), and 35% (H) of the oat frozen yogurt, respectively, compared with the rats fed with a diet containing 30% commercial ice cream (C), and a control group fed with a standard diet (S). The TG levels in the rats of both groups fed with M or H diet were significantly lower than that of group C (p<0.05). There was a very significant difference in total cholesterol (TC) and LDL between rats fed with H diet and those fed with C diet (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in TG between rats fed with standard diet and H diet (p>0.05), but the differences in TC, and LDL were very significant between the groups (p<0.01). Results indicate that consumption of oat‐based frozen yogurt may decrease the levels of serum TG, total and LDL cholesterol in rats.
We report on a high-field magnetotransport study of KTaO3 single crystals. This material is a promising candidate to study in the extreme quantum limit (EQL). By photocarrier doping with 360 nm ...light, we have observed a significant positive, non-saturating, and linear magnetoresistance at low temperatures accompanied by a vanishing Hall coefficient. When cooled down to 10 K and subjected to a magnetic field of 12 T, the value of magnetoresistance of KTaO3 (100) is increased by as much as 433%. Such behavior can be attributed to all electrons occupying only the lowest Landau level in the EQL. In this state, a quantum magnetoresistance is produced. This result provides novel insights into the next generation of magnetic devices based on complex materials and adds a new family of materials with positive magnetoresistance.
Interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) is an emerging technology to alleviate the global freshwater crisis. However, high-cost, low freshwater collection rate, and salt-blockage issues ...significantly hinder the practical application of solar-driven desalination devices based on ISVG. Herein, with a low-cost copper plate (CP), nonwoven fabric (NWF), and insulating ethylene–vinyl acetate foam (EVA foam), a multistage device is elaborately fabricated for highly efficient simultaneous freshwater and salt collection. In the designed solar-driven device, a superhydrophobic copper plate (SH-CP) serves as the condensation layer, facilitating rapid mass and heat transfer through dropwise condensation. Moreover, the hydrophilic NWF is designed with rational hydrophobic zones and specific high-salinity solution outlets (Design-NWF) to act as the water evaporation layer and facilitate directional salt collection. As a result, the multistage evaporator with eight stages exhibits a high water collection rate of 2.25 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 sun irradiation. In addition, the desalination device based on the eight-stage evaporator obtains a water collection rate of 13.44 kg m–2 and a salt collection rate of 1.77 kg m–2 per day under natural irradiation. More importantly, it can maintain a steady production for 15 days without obvious performance decay. This bifunctional multistage device provides a feasible and efficient approach for simultaneous desalination and solute collection.
Interfacial solar‐vapor generation (ISVG) is an emerging technology for water purification. However, high cost, low evaporation rate, clogging issues, and limited solar utilization under natural ...condictions greatly hinder its practical application. Herein, inspired by the aligned microstructure of dragonfly wings, a 3D microarray structure composed of vertically aligned hierarchical and hydrophilic carbon fibers (CFs) is constructed using a scalable fiber manufacturing technology. The microarray structure of the high‐thermal‐conductivity CFs with nanocapillaries contributes to the fast mass (steam and salt ions) and heat transfer as well as high omnidirectional light absorption. More importantly, due to the strong multiscale capillary effect, the formed 3D water evaporation surface containing abundant micro‐meniscuses and nanoscale thin water layers in the CFs arrays effectively reduces the evaporation enthalpy and creates more water/air interfaces, leading to the significant increasing evaporation rate. As a result, a high evaporation rate of 2.21 kg m−2 h−1 under one‐sun irradiation can be achieved. Moreover, the off‐grid water treatment device assembled with multiple 3D CFs‐based customized spherical evaporators can obtain a high pure water collection of 10.71 kg m−2 per day without salt accumulation under real environmental conditions. This work demonstrates a high‐efficiency, cost‐effective, and scalable strategy for high‐performance ISVG.
To address the low evaporation rate and salt plugging faced by the interfacial solar‐vapor generation technology, a 3D microarray structure composed of vertically aligned hierarchical and hydrophilic carbon fibers is constructed using a scalable fiber manufacturing technology. The microarray structure demonstrates high omnidirectional light absorption, lower evaporation enthalpy, and fast mass and heat transfer, which can obtain high‐efficiency clean water production.
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