Carbon materials derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in the field of scientific research in recent years because of their advantages of excellent electron ...conductivity, high porosity, and diverse applications. Tremendous efforts are devoted to improving their chemical and physical properties, including optimizing the morphology and structure of the carbon materials, compositing them with other materials, and so on. Here, many kinds of carbon materials derived from metal–organic frameworks are introduced with a particular focus on their promising applications in batteries (lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and sodium‐ion batteries), supercapacitors (metal oxide/carbon and metal sulfide/carbon), electrocatalytic reactions (oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction), water treatment (MOF‐derived carbon and other techniques), and other possible fields. To close, some existing problem and corresponding possible solutions are proposed based on academic knowledge from the reported literature, along with a great deal of experimental experience.
Metal–organic‐framework‐derived carbons represent a promising kind of material for many fields of applications. Synthesis strategies, tailored material properties, and different electrochemical performances are prominent features of energy‐storage materials. Metal–organic‐framework‐derived carbons materials are comprehensively summarized, and evaluations are provided.
Over the past two decades, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a type of porous material, have aroused great interest as precursors or templates for the derivation of metal oxides and composites for the ...next generation of electrochemical energy storage applications owing to their high specific surface areas, controllable structures, and adjustable pore sizes. The electrode materials, which affect the performance in practical applications, are pivotal components of batteries and supercapacitors. Metal oxide composites derived from metal–organic frameworks possessing high reversible capacity and superior rate and cycle performance are excellent electrode materials. In this Review, potential applications for MOF‐derived metal oxide composites for lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, lithium–oxygen batteries, and supercapacitors are studied and summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future research on MOF‐derived metal oxide composites are proposed on the basis of academic knowledge from the reported literature as well as from experimental experience.
Synthesis strategies, tailored material properties, and different electrochemical performance are prominent features of batteries and supercapacitors. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a kind of porous materials used as precursors for the derivation of composites. MOF‐derived metal oxide composites possessing high reversible capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability are excellent electrode materials. Here, MOF‐derived metal oxide composites are comprehensively summarized and evaluated.
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious, and deadly infectious disease. The mortality rate of the most acute and acute ASF infection is almost 100%. The World Organization for Animal ...Health Office International des épizooties (OIE) lists it as a legally reported animal disease and China lists it as class I animal epidemic. Since the first diagnosed ASF case in China on August 3, 2018, it has caused huge economic losses to animal husbandry. ASF is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is the only member of Asfarviridae family. ASFV is and the only insect-borne DNA virus belonging to the Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDV) family with an icosahedral structure and an envelope. Till date, there are still no effective vaccines or antiviral drugs for the prevention or treatment of ASF. The complex viral genome and its sophisticated ability to regulate the host immune response may be the reason for the difficulty in developing an effective vaccine. This review summarizes the recent findings on ASFV structure, the molecular mechanism of ASFV infection and immunosuppression, and ASFV-encoded proteins to provide comprehensive proteomic information for basic research on ASFV. In addition, it also analyzes the results of previous studies and speculations on the molecular mechanism of ASFV infection, which aids the study of the mechanism of clinical pathological phenomena, and provides a possible direction for an intensive study of ASFV infection mechanism. By summarizing the findings on molecular mechanism of ASFV- regulated host cell immune response, this review provides orientations and ideas for fundamental research on ASFV and provides a theoretical basis for the development of protective vaccines against ASFV.
•Quantitative thermography methodology for high-cycle fatigue parameters estimation.•High-cycle fatigue limit evaluated by correlation coefficient optimisation.•Theory and calculation of energy ...dissipation during high-cycle fatigue.•Rapid prediction of the high-cycle fatigue P–S–N curves of metallic materials.
This work presents an approach based on quantitative thermography methodology for rapid prediction of the high-cycle fatigue reliability (three-parameter P–S–N curves) of metallic materials. In this approach, the energy dissipation during high-cycle fatigue is divided into two parts, i.e. the anelastic dissipation and the inelastic dissipation, whose relationships with the stress amplitude are formulated with a concept of damage effective stress. A calculation model of energy dissipation is developed on the basis of the thermodynamic framework. The randomness and discreteness of fatigue are considered by applying the correlation coefficient optimisation and maximum likelihood method. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are validated through experiments involving FV520B steel.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with porous crystal structures have attracted extensive attention in application of energy storage and conversion, owing to their regularity, porosity, large specific ...surface area, etc. In this work, Co-MOF-74 microflower has been successfully prepared via a controllable solvent regulation strategy. Through modulating the polarity of the solvent, crystals grow in certain preferred orientation and Co-MOF-74 with various morphologies were obtained. Thereinto, the energy storage performance of Co-MOF-74 microflower was measured in both three-electrode system and asymmetric supercapacitor device (specific capacitance of 164.2 F/g at 0.5 A/g in the three-electrode system and 62.5 F/g at 1 A/g in the asymmetric supercapacitor device). This can be attributed to the preferred crystal orientation resulting in a regular and uniform microflower, which is of great significance to electronic interfacial exchange and ion transfer during electrochemical reactions.
A solvent regulation strategy is presented for preparing Co-MOF-74 microflower with expected proportions of each component and optimized crystal growth orientation, which accelerates the interfacial electron and ion transfer and enhances the electrochemical stability for supercapacitors. Display omitted
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a pattern recognition receptor and is involved in the innate immune response against RNA viruses infection. Here, we demonstrate that the ...Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) serves as a positive regulator of the RIG-I-mediated signaling pathway. G3BP1-deficient cells inhibited RNA virus-triggered induction of downstream antiviral genes. Furthermore, we found that G3BP1 inhibited the replication of Sendai virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, indicating a positive regulation of G3BP1 to cellular antiviral responses. Mechanistically, G3BP1 formed a complex with RNF125 and RIG-I, leading to decreased RNF125 via its auto-ubiquitination; thus, promoting expression of RIG-I. Overall, the results suggest a novel mechanism for G3BP1 in the positive regulation of antiviral signaling mediated by RIG-I.
Improper disposal of used lithium-ion batteries will cause serious environmental pollution and waste of resources. A closed-loop recycling process based on hydrothermal leaching and co-doping is ...developed to recycle valuable metals by regenerating cathode material from spent lithium-ion batteries. Valuable metals in scrapped cathode material are efficiently leached out by hydrothermal leaching with a lower concentration of H2SO4 solution. In this work, 93.11% of Ni, 92.84% of Co and 90.18% of Mn can be leached out under the optimal hydrothermal leaching condition (0.5 M H2SO4, 0.1 M Na2SO3, 20 g/L, 120 ℃ and 8 h). The Na-F co-doped materials Li1−xNaxNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2−xFx (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) regenerated by co–precipitation are studied in this paper. The micro substitution of Na for Li can compensate for the effect of fluorine doping on capacity reduction. Na-F co-doping can stabilize the crystal structure, reduce the cation mixing degree and enhance the electrochemical performance. The material with a doping amount of 0.02 exhibits the best crystal structure, the lowest degree of cation mixing, the lowest electrochemical polarization and the minimal resistance, playing the highest discharge capacity (176.37 mAh g−1) with the highest capacity retention (93.07%) at 0.2 C after 100 cycles.
•Scrapped Li(Ni-Co-Mn)O2 was recycled from spent lithium-ion batteries.•Valuable metals were efficiently leached out by hydrothermal reaction.•The closed-loop recycling process can improve the utilization of valuable metals.•Na-F co-doping can enhance the properties of regenerated materials.
•The facile one-step coprecipitation method can be extended to the preparation of other composites.•The obtained Co/Mn-ZIF demonstrated remarkable supercapacitive performance.•The superior ...supercapacitive activity arise from the strong synergistic effects between Mn2+ and Co2+ in as-prepared Co/Mn-ZIF.
The rational design of the heteroatom-doped ZIF-67 provides a good opportunity to optimize the performance of the MOF-based supercapacitor. In this work, a simple method was proposed to fabricate a well-formed Co/Mn-ZIF cube by a one-step coprecipitation method. The surface area and conductivity of the as-prepared sample were greatly improved beneficial from the presence of manganese ions. When used in supercapacitor testing, Co/Mn-ZIF-based positive electrode exhibited an ultra-high specific capacitance of 926.25 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and good cycling stability with 64.1% of initial capacitance remained after 1500 charge-discharge cyclic testing. Attractive specific energy of 52.95 Wh kg−1 at 1080 W kg−1 was achieved and 26.4 Wh kg−1 at remarkable 43.2 kW kg−1 was accomplished from the asymmetric supercapacitor in terms of Co/Mn-ZIF and activated carbon.
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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most notorious pathogens in the global livestock industry. To establish an infection, FMDV needs to counteract host antiviral responses. Several ...studies have shown how FMDV suppresses the type I interferon (IFN) response; however, whether FMDV modulates the integrated autophagy and innate immunity remains largely unknown. Here, the porcine Ras-GAP SH3-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) was shown to promote the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicase (RLH) signaling by upregulating the expression of RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). FMDV nonstructural protein 3A interacted with G3BP1 to inhibit G3BP1 expression and G3BP1-mediated RLH signaling by upregulating the expression of autophagy-related protein LRRC25. In addition, 3A proteins of other picornaviruses, including Seneca Valley virus (SVV) 3A, enterovirus 71 (EV71) 3A, and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 3A, also showed similar actions. Taking the data together, we elucidated, for the first time, a novel mechanism by which FMDV has evolved to inhibit IFN signaling and counteract host innate antiviral responses by autophagy.
We show that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3A inhibits retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicase signaling by degrading G3BP1 protein. Furthermore, FMDV 3A reduces G3BP1 by upregulating the expression of autophagy-related protein LRRC25. Additionally, other picornavirus 3A proteins, such as Seneca Valley virus (SVV) 3A, enterovirus 71 (EV71) 3A, and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 3A, also degrade G3BP1 by upregulating LRRC25 expression. This study will help us improve the design of current vaccines and aid the development of novel control strategies to combat FMD.
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein (G3BP) is an RNA binding protein. G3BP is a key component of stress granules (SGs) and can interact with many host proteins to regulate the ...expression of SGs. As an antiviral factor, G3BP can interact with viral proteins to regulate the assembly of SGs and thus exert antiviral effects. However, many viruses can also use G3BP as a proximal factor and recruit translation initiation factors to promote viral proliferation. G3BP regulates mRNA translation and attenuation to regulate gene expression; therefore, it is closely related to diseases, such as cancer, embryonic death, arteriosclerosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review discusses the important discoveries and developments related G3BP in the biological field over the past 20 years, which includes the formation of SGs, interaction with viruses, stability of RNA, and disease progression.
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