Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a new emerging strategy for the in situ treatment of tumors. In the microenvironment of tumor cells, CDT may be achieved through the generation of reactive oxygen ...species (ROS), e.g., hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and singlet oxygen (
O
), which induce the death of tumor cells. Copper (Cu) or other transition-metal ions catalyze the production of ˙OH by hydrogen peroxide (H
O
) through Fenton or Fenton-like reactions. With the development of advanced nanotechnology, nanotherapeutic systems with Cu-based nanostructures have received extensive attention and have been demonstrated for their wide applications in the design and construction of nanotherapeutic systems for CDT, along with multimodal synergistic therapy. Herein, the cutting-edge developments of Cu-based nanostructures in CDT are reviewed and discussed, by focusing on the monotherapy of CDT as well as synergistic treatments by hyphenating CDT with various therapeutic protocols, e.g., photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and so on. In addition, the potential challenges and future perspectives are described in the improvement of CDT therapeutic efficacy, the enhancement of targeting capability, and mechanistic investigations on CDT therapy.
Fused‐ring electron acceptors have made significant progress in recent years, while the development of fully non‐fused ring acceptors has been unsatisfactory. Here, two fully non‐fused ring ...acceptors, o‐4TBC‐2F and m‐4TBC‐2F, were designed and synthesized. By regulating the location of the hexyloxy chains, o‐4TBC‐2F formed planar backbones, while m‐4TBC‐2F displayed a twisted backbone. Additionally, the o‐4TBC‐2F film showed a markedly red‐shifted absorption after thermal annealing, which indicated the formation of J‐aggregates. For fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs), PBDB‐T was used as a donor and blended with the two acceptors. The o‐4TBC‐2F‐based blend films displayed higher charge mobilities, lower energy loss and a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). The optimized devices based on o‐4TBC‐2F gave a PCE of 10.26 %, which was much higher than those based on m‐4TBC‐2F at 2.63 %, and it is one of the highest reported PCE values for fully non‐fused ring electron acceptors.
Two fully non‐fused acceptors are precisely designed and easily prepared. The side chain encapsulation can induce a planar molecular backbone conformation, endowing the acceptor with broad light absorption. Thermal annealing promotes molecular rearrangement to form J‐aggregates with even broader absorption and higher absorption coefficient. A PCE over 10 % is one of the highest PCE for fully non‐fused ring acceptors.
The challenges of developing neuromorphic vision systems inspired by the human eye come not only from how to recreate the flexibility, sophistication, and adaptability of animal systems, but also how ...to do so with computational efficiency and elegance. Similar to biological systems, these neuromorphic circuits integrate functions of image sensing, memory and processing into the device, and process continuous analog brightness signal in real-time. High-integration, flexibility and ultra-sensitivity are essential for practical artificial vision systems that attempt to emulate biological processing. Here, we present a flexible optoelectronic sensor array of 1024 pixels using a combination of carbon nanotubes and perovskite quantum dots as active materials for an efficient neuromorphic vision system. The device has an extraordinary sensitivity to light with a responsivity of 5.1 × 10
A/W and a specific detectivity of 2 × 10
Jones, and demonstrates neuromorphic reinforcement learning by training the sensor array with a weak light pulse of 1 μW/cm
.
The indoor air quality is of prime importance for human daily life and health, for which the adsorbents like zeolites and silica‐gels are widely used for air dehumidification and harmful gases ...capture. Herein, we develop a pore‐nanospace post‐engineering strategy to optimize the hydrophilicity, water‐uptake capacity and air‐purifying ability of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with long‐term stability, offering an ideal candidate with autonomous multi‐functionality of moisture control and pollutants sequestration. Through variant tuning of organic‐linkers carrying hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the pore‐nanospaces of prototypical UiO‐67, a moderately hydrophilic MOF (UiO‐67‐4Me‐NH2‐38 %) with high thermal, hydrolytic and acid‐base stability is screened out, featuring S‐shaped water sorption isotherms exactly located in the recommended comfortable and healthy ranges of relative humidity for indoor ventilation (45 %–65 % RH) and adverse health effects minimization (40–60 % RH). Its exceptional attributes of water‐uptake working capacity/efficiency, contaminants removal, recyclability and regeneration promise a great potential in confined indoor environment application.
A moderately hydrophilic MOF of UiO‐67‐4Me‐NH2‐38 % with high thermal, hydrolytic and acid‐base stability has been obtained by a pore‐nanospace post‐engineering strategy, which shows ideal S‐shaped water‐sorption isotherm, high water‐uptake working capacity and efficiency in the ASHRAE recommended humidity range, and prior capture ability of harmful organic and inorganic vapors, providing a promising candidate for autonomous indoor humidity control and air purification.
Fast‐charging and high‐energy‐density solid‐state sodium metal batteries (SMBs) working under harsh temperatures are in urgent demand for the state‐of‐the‐art secondary batteries. However, the ...unmatched interfacial contact and temperature‐limited ionic conductivity still impede SMBs from authentic commercialization. Constructing a 3D ion diffusion channel through in situ interlock interfaces can effectively address these bottlenecks. Herein, an in situ cured gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is developed by introducing trihydroxymethylpropyl triacrylate (TMPTA) into conventional electrolytes. The as‐prepared GPE can generate superior 3D ionic conductive networks in the cathodes with high ionic conductivity at universal temperatures (0–60 °C) and a wide working potential, which successfully pairs with the high‐voltage cathodes with ultrahigh loads of 13.01 mg cm−1 to develop a practical solid‐state battery. Furthermore, as deciphered by in‐depth X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the flexible solid electrolyte interphase layer is stable enough to prevent sodium metal from the corrosion of the electrolyte and the formation of sodium dendrites. Benefitting from this “two‐in‐one” effect, solid‐state SMBs with the in situ GPE exhibit an excellent long‐term cycling stability at 60 °C with a capacity retention of 80% after 1000 cycles at 1 C, and superior temperature adaptability even at 0 °C with a rate capacity retention of 90% at 1 C compared with that at 0.1 C.
Herein, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is designed to develop practically accessible and environmentally adaptive sodium metal batteries (SMBs) with high loading cathodes through in situ interlock interface. The GPE‐based SMBs exhibit superior temperature adaptability at 0–60 °C, fast rate capability up to 30 C, and successfully pairs with ultrahigh cathode loads of 13.01 mg cm−2.
Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) show potential in addressing the safety issues of liquid batteries, but the poor interface contact between them and the electrodes hinders practical applications. ...Here, coordination chemistry of nitrile groups based on succinonitrile (SCN) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is studied on the surface of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) SSE to build the chemical bonded electrolyte/electrode interfaces. The coordination of the nitrile group and LLZTO is clarified. A deformable PAN‐modifying SCN electrolyte (PSE) interphase with stable ionic conductivity (10−4 S cm−1) and high lithium‐ion transference number (0.66) is fabricated on the surface of LLZTO electrolyte based on the coordination competition of nitrile groups. Once applied to SSBs, it endows low interface resistance and strong bonding for the electrolyte/electrode interfaces so that the initial Coulomb efficiency reaches 95.6 % and the capacity remains 99 % after 250 cycles at 25 °C.
A nitrile group‐induced coordination interphase on the surface of the LLZTO electrolyte stabilizes the electrolyte/electrode interface.
Low‐cost and stable sodium‐layered oxides (such as P2‐ and O3‐phases) are suggested as highly promising cathode materials for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs). Biphasic hybridization, mainly involving P2/O3 ...and P2/P3 biphases, is typically used to boost their electrochemical performances. Herein, a P3/O3 intergrown layered oxide (Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/3Ti1/3O2) as high‐rate and long‐life cathode for NIBs via tuning the amounts of Ti substitution in Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3−xTixO2 (x = 0, 1/6, 1/3, 2/3) is demonstrated. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement and aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy show the co‐existence of P3 and O3 phases, and density functional theory calculation corroborates the appearance of the anomalous O3 phase at the Ti substitution amount of 1/3. The P3/O3 biphasic cathode delivers an unexpected rate capability (≈88.7% of the initial capacity at a high rate of 5 C) and cycling stability (≈68.7% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 C), superior to those of the sing phases P3‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2, P3‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/2Ti1/6O2, and O3‐Na2/3Ni1/3Ti2/3O2. The highly reversible structural evolution of the P3/O3 integrated cathode observed by ex situ XRD, ex situ X‐ray absorption spectra, and the rapid Na+ diffusion kinetics, underpin the enhancement. These results show the important role of P3/O3 biphasic hybridization in designing and engineering layered oxide cathodes for NIBs.
P3/O3 biphasic Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/3Ti1/3O2 cathode material is prepared for Na‐ion batteries by tuning the Ti amounts. This P3/O3 intergrown cathode delivers superior rate capability and cycling stability to those of the pristine P3 and O3 phases, which are underpinned by the observed highly reversible structural transition of P3/O3 biphase and the rapid Na+ diffusion kinetics.
Configuring metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with high electrocatalytic activity and stability is one efficient strategy in achieving the cost‐competitive catalyst for fuel cells’ applications. ...Herein, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) strategy for synthesis of Pt SACs on the metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived N‐doped carbon (NC) is proposed. Through adjusting the ALD exposure time of the Pt precursor, the size‐controlled Pt catalysts, from Pt single atoms to subclusters and nanoparticles, are prepared on MOF‐NC support. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra determine the increased electron vacancy in Pt SACs and indicate the Pt–N coordination in the as‐prepared Pt SACs. Benefiting from the low‐coordination environment and anchoring interaction between Pt atoms and nitrogen‐doping sites from MOF‐NC support, the Pt SACs deliver an enhanced activity and stability with 6.5 times higher mass activity than that of Pt nanoparticle catalysts in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Density functional theory calculations indicate that Pt single atoms prefer to be anchored by the pyridinic N‐doped carbon sites. Importantly, it is revealed that the electronic structure of Pt SAs can be adjusted by adsorption of hydroxyl and oxygen, which greatly lowers free energy change for the rate‐determining step and enhances the activity of Pt SACs toward the ORR.
The atomic layer deposition (ALD) strategy for synthesis of Pt single‐atom catalysts (SACs) on the metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived N‐doped carbon (NC) is proposed. Benefiting from the low‐coordination environment and anchoring interaction between Pt atoms and nitrogen‐doping sites from MOF‐NC support, the ALDPt SACs deliver an enhanced activity and stability in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Depression is a major mental health issue worldwide, and university students with heavy burdens of study are at a high risk for depression. While a number of studies have been conducted regarding ...depression among university students in China, there is a lack of information regarding the national prevalence of depression among Chinese university students. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to statistically pool the prevalence of depression among Chinese university students.
A systematic search of scientific databases was conducted, including Chinese Web of Knowledge, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang (a Chinese database) and Weipu (a Chinese database) to find relevant publications published between 1995 and December 2015. This was supplemented by a secondary review of the reference lists of all retrieved papers to find additional relevant citations. Studies published in either English or Chinese that provided prevalence estimates of depression in Chinese university students were considered. Prevalence estimates of each eligible study were extracted and pooled in our meta-analysis using a random-effects model.
A total of 39 studies conducted between 1997 and 2015 including 32,694 university students were analyzed. Our results indicate that the overall prevalence of depression among Chinese university students is 23.8% (95% CI: 19.9%-28.5%). Substantial heterogeneity in prevalence estimates was noted. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of depression among medical students is higher than among other students.
Overall, the prevalence of depression among Chinese university students is exceedingly high. This suggests that it is imperative that more attention be given to the development of appropriate mental healthcare strategies for university students in China.
PDF
