Maximum root length (MRL) plays an important role in the uptake of nutrients and resisting abiotic stresses. Understanding the genetic mechanism of root development is of great significance for ...genetic improvement of wheat. Previous studies have confirmed that parental reproductive environment (PRE) has a significant impact on growth and development of the next generation in the whole life cycle of a given plant. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population genotyped using the Wheat55K SNP array, was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for wheat seedling MRL based on the harvested seeds from five different PREs. A total of 5 QTL located on chromosomes 3D and 7A were identified. Among them,
QMrl.sicau-2SY-3D.2
located in a 4.0 cM interval on chromosome 3D was likely independent of PREs.
QMrl.sicau-2SY-7A.2
was detected in two tests and probably influenced by PREs. The effect of
QMrl.sicau-2SY-3D.2
was further validated using the tightly linked kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) marker,
KASP-AX-111589572
, in populations with different genetic backgrounds. Lines with a combination of positive alleles from
QMrl.sicau-2SY-3D.2
and
QMrl.sicau-2SY-7A.2
have significantly longer MRL. Furthermore, four genes (
TraesCS3D03G0612000
,
TraesCS3D03G0608400
,
TraesCS3D03G0613600
, and
TraesCS3D03G0602400
) mainly expressed in wheat root were predicted to be associated with root growth. Taken together, this study reports on a major QTL independent of PREs and lays a foundation for understanding the regulation mechanism of wheat MRL at the seedling stage.
Composites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with unique three-dimensional (3D) structure are prepared and their catalytic activities for reduction of nitroarenes are ...explored. We demonstrate that the 3D GQDs/rGO composites are more active in nitroarene reduction than GQDs and rGO. Some of them are even more active than the Ag-embedded calcium alginate (Ag/CA) or Au-embedded calcium alginate (Au/CA) catalysts. Interestingly, their catalytic property is closely related to the ratio of GQDs to rGO in the 3D GQDs/rGO composites and GQDs-to-rGO mass ratio of 1/4 exhibits the highest catalytic activity. Raman spectra of the composites show that GQDs-to-rGO ratio is related to the number of the surface/edge defects, indicating that the sites of defect and edges are active sites. In addition, the catalytic performance of the 3D GQDs/rGO composites is also contributed by their unique 3D network structures that are beneficial for the reactant adsorption and product diffusion. Given also the long cycling duration and the easy recovery from the reaction system, 3D GQDs/rGO composites are potential applicable metal-free catalytic system for nitorarene reduction.
Research progress of periodontitis and periodontal dysbiosis GUO Xinwei; ZHAO Hongyan; YANG Yaoyao ...
Kou qiang ji bing fang zhi = Journal of prevention and treatment for stomatological diseases,
11/2019, Letnik:
27, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In recent years, the etiology of periodontitis has tended to be based on the theory of flora imbalance. That is, periodontitis is not caused by specific bacteria but by the breakdown of the oral ...flora balance, which leads to an immune imbalance. Imbalanced bacterial flora cooperate with each other to produce virulent factors that destroy organism tissues and induce immune cells to produce abnormal levels of cytokines, causing greater damage. This article reviews the initiation of a flora imbalance, the interaction between bacteria, the immune damage of the host and the prevention and treatment of the flora imbalance. The literature review shows that peroxidase released by inflammatory reactions, host immune responses to pathogenic microorganisms and some systemic factors, such as diabetes, can trigger flora imbalance. As a result, ion transport, substance synthesis and metabolism of bacteria change; virulence factors increase; and the oral flora balance is disrupted. Red complex bacteria enter gingival epithe
Enhancing the dissolution of insoluble active ingredients comprises one of the most important issues in the pharmaceutical and biomaterial fields. Here, a third generation solid dispersion (3rd SD) ...of ferulic acid was designed and fabricated by a modified coaxial electrospinning process. A traditional second generation SD (2nd SD) was also prepared by common one-fluid blending electrospinning and was used as a control. With poly(vinyl alcohol) as the fiber matrix and polyvinylpyrrolidone K10 as an additive in the 3rd SDs, the two electrospinning processes were investigated. The prepared 2nd and 3rd SDs were subjected to a series of characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), hydrophilicity and in vitro drug dissolving experiments. The results demonstrate that both SDs were monolithic nanocomposites and that the drugs were amorphously distributed within the matrix. However, the 3rd SDs had better morphology with smaller size, narrower size distribution, and smaller water contact angles than the 2nd SDs. Dissolution tests verified that the 3rd SDs could release their loaded cargoes within 60 s, which was over three times faster than the 2nd SDs. Therefore, a combined strategy based on the modified coaxial electrospinning and the logical selections of drug carriers is demonstrated for creating advanced biomaterials.
In pharmaceutical nanotechnology, the intentional manipulation of working processes to fabricate nanoproducts with suitable properties for achieving the desired functional performances is highly ...sought after. The following paper aims to detail how a modified coaxial electrospraying has been developed to create ibuprofen-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nanoparticles for improving the drug dissolution rate. During the working processes, a key parameter, i.e., the spreading angle of atomization region (
, °), could provide a linkage among the working process, the property of generated nanoparticles and their functional performance. Compared with the applied voltage (
, kV;
= 2713 - 82
with
= 0.9623),
could provide a better correlation with the diameter of resultant nanoparticles (
, nm;
= 1096 - 5
with
= 0.9905), suggesting a usefulness of accurately predicting the nanoparticle diameter. The drug released from the electrosprayed nanoparticles involved both erosion and diffusion mechanisms. A univariate quadratic equation between the time of releasing 95% of the loaded drug (
, min) and
(
= 38.7 + 0.097
- 4.838 × 10
with a
value of 0.9976) suggests that the nanoparticle diameter has a profound influence on the drug release performance. The clear process-property-performance relationship should be useful for optimizing the electrospraying process, and in turn for achieving the desired medicated nanoparticles.
•Three species of macroalgae were converted into liquid oil by deoxy-liquefaction.•The maximum yield of liquid oil was obtained at optimum temperature.•The liquid oils contained different ...compositions with different contents.•The liquid oils had low oxygen content and high heating values.
Three species of macroalgae (Ulva lactuca, Laminaria japonica and Gelidium amansii) were converted into liquid oils via deoxy-liquefaction. The elemental analysis, FTIR and GC–MS results showed that the three liquid oils were all mainly composed of aromatics, phenols, alkanes and alkenes, other oxygen-containing compounds, and some nitrogen-containing compounds though there were some differences in terms of their types or contents due to the different constituents in the macroalgae feedstocks. The oxygen content was only 5.15–7.30% and the H/C molar ratio was up to 1.57–1.73. Accordingly, the HHV of the three oils were 42.50, 41.76 and 40.00MJ/kg, respectively. The results suggested that U. lactuca, L. japonica and G. amansii have potential as biomass feedstock for fuel and chemicals and that deoxy-liquefaction technique may be an effective way to convert macroalgae into high-quality liquid oil.
The effects of the ligand used for fabricating palladium (Pd)-incorporated porous polymer composites on their catalytic performances were examined from the perspective of catalysis sustainability. To ...perform this research, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, which were generation zero (G0) and higher, up to G6, the breakdown structure of G0 (that is, the half (G0h) and quarter (G0q)) and a typical small molecule (that is, N,N-dimethyl ethylenediamine (DMEn)) were utilized as ligands. The catalytic performances of the polymer composites were investigated using the aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura carbon cross-coupling reaction as a model reaction. Concerning the efficiency, recyclability and Pd-leaching behavior of the catalytic reaction, polymer composites that were fabricated with PAMAM dendrimers (that is, G1 and higher generations) proved to possess the potential for application as sustainable heterogeneous catalysts.
Background: Fixed-dose combination (FDC) antibiotics can be clinically inappropriate and are concerning with regards to antimicrobial resistance, with little usage data available in low- and ...middle-income countries. Methods: Based on retrospective data from the Center for Antibacterial Surveillance, we investigated the consumption of FDC antibiotics in hospital inpatient settings in China from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019. The metric for assessing antibiotic consumption was the number of daily defined doses per 100 bed days (DDD/100BDs). FDC antibiotics were classified according to their composition and the Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification of the World Health Organization. Results: A total of 24 FDC antibiotics were identified, the consumption of which increased sharply from 8.5 DDD/100BDs in 2013 to 10.2 DDD/100BDs in 2019 (p < 0.05) despite the reduction in the total antibiotic consumption in these hospitals. The increase was mainly driven by FDC antibiotics in the Not Recommended group of the AWaRe classification, whose consumption accounted for 63.0% (6.4 DDD/100BDs) of the overall FDC antibiotic consumption in 2019, while the consumption of FDC antibiotics in the Access group only accounted for 13.5% (1.4 DDD/100BDs). Conclusion: FDC antibiotic consumption significantly increased during the study period and accounted for a substantial proportion of all systemic antibiotic usage in hospitals in China. FDC antibiotics in the Not Recommended group were most frequently consumed, which raises concerns about the appropriateness of FDC antibiotic use.
The oxidation of veratryl alcohol can produce veratryl aldehyde or veratryl acid, which are industrially important chemicals widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Gold nanoparticles ...(AuNPs) functionalized with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown high activity and selectivity as a catalyst for veratryl alcohol oxidation. However, the AuNP/GQD catalyst has excellent dispersibility in aqueous solutions, which makes it difficult to recycle all the catalyst after reaction. In this work, AuNP/GQD catalysts were further immobilized onto a silicon dioxide support by different methods, including physical adsorption, one-pot synthesis, and hydrothermal synthesis to produce AuNP/GQD/SiO2 composites. Extensive characterization of the microstructure, crystallinity, chemical structure, and catalytic performance of the catalysts was performed to evaluate the processing methods. It was demonstrated that the obtained composites are suitable heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of veratryl alcohol.
•GQD functionalized AuNPs are immobilized on SiO2 supports by physical adsorption, one-pot, and hydrothermal synthesis.•The obtained AuNP/GQD/SiO2 composites can be used as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of veratryl alcohol.•Some of these composites have comparable activity and better recyclability than bare AuNP/GQD.
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•Cellulose acetate-based trilayer core-shell fibers with discrete drug distribution.•A modified triaxial electrospinning for producing the complex nanostructure.•The nanofibers can ...provide an accurate dual-stage release of the loaded drug.•A clear process-nanostructure-performance relationship is exhibited.
The combination of complex nanostructures with carbohydrate polymers can provide a strong platform for promoting the development of novel drug delivery systems. In this study, tri-layer core-shell nanofibers F2 with discrete drug distributions were prepared using cellulose acetate (CA) as a key filament-forming polymeric matrix and ketoprofen (KET) as a model drug. The discrete distribution was characterized by inserting a bank CA layer between the CA/KET core layer and the PVP/KET outer layer through a modified triaxial electrospinning. Compared with the traditional core-shell nanofibers F1, the tri-layer nanofibers F2 with drug discrete distributions provided better drug dual-stage release profiles in terms of accurate release contents at the first stage and longer time period sustained release at the second stage. Despite having the same components (drug, soluble PVP, and insoluble CA) and similar linear morphologies, core-shell nanofibers F1 and tri-layer nanofibers F2 exhibited significantly different functional performances in providing dual-stage release. The different structure-performance relationships of the two types of nanofibers have played their important roles on manipulating the accuracy of dual-stage drug controlled release profiles. The mechanism that the tri-layer core-shell nanostructure containing a blank CA middle layer adjusted the drug release behaviors was proposed.
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