•A performance-based algorithm (HGS) is proposed for global search and optimization in real world.•HGS simulates the logic of the collaborative interactions based on individual hunger.•The extensive ...results on benchmark problems and real datasets have been investigated.•The proposed HGS is applied to engineering optimization to reduce the consumption.
A recent set of overused population-based methods have been published in recent years. Despite their popularity, most of them have uncertain, immature performance, partially done verifications, similar overused metaphors, similar immature exploration and exploitation components and operations, and an insecure tradeoff between exploration and exploitation trends in most of the new real-world cases. Therefore, all users need to extensively modify and adjust their operations based on main evolutionary methods to reach faster convergence, more stable balance, and high-quality results. To move the optimization community one step ahead toward more focus on performance rather than change of metaphor, a general-purpose population-based optimization technique called Hunger Games Search (HGS) is proposed in this research with a simple structure, special stability features and very competitive performance to realize the solutions of both constrained and unconstrained problems more effectively. The proposed HGS is designed according to the hunger-driven activities and behavioural choice of animals. This dynamic, fitness-wise search method follows a simple concept of “Hunger” as the most crucial homeostatic motivation and reason for behaviours, decisions, and actions in the life of all animals to make the process of optimization more understandable and consistent for new users and decision-makers. The Hunger Games Search incorporates the concept of hunger into the feature process; in other words, an adaptive weight based on the concept of hunger is designed and employed to simulate the effect of hunger on each search step. It follows the computationally logical rules (games) utilized by almost all animals and these rival activities and games are often adaptive evolutionary by securing higher chances of survival and food acquisition. This method's main feature is its dynamic nature, simple structure, and high performance in terms of convergence and acceptable quality of solutions, proving to be more efficient than the current optimization methods. The effectiveness of HGS was verified by comparing HGS with a comprehensive set of popular and advanced algorithms on 23 well-known optimization functions and the IEEE CEC 2014 benchmark test suite. Also, the HGS was applied to several engineering problems to demonstrate its applicability. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimizer compared to popular essential optimizers, several advanced variants of the existing methods, and several CEC winners and powerful differential evolution (DE)-based methods abbreviated as LSHADE, SPS_L_SHADE_EIG, LSHADE_cnEpSi, SHADE, SADE, MPEDE, and JDE methods in handling many single-objective problems. We designed this open-source population-based method to be a standard tool for optimization in different areas of artificial intelligence and machine learning with several new exploratory and exploitative features, high performance, and high optimization capacity. The method is very flexible and scalable to be extended to fit more form of optimization cases in both structural aspects and application sides. This paper's source codes, supplementary files, Latex and office source files, sources of plots, a brief version and pseudocode, and an open-source software toolkit for solving optimization problems with Hunger Games Search and online web service for any question, feedback, suggestion, and idea on HGS algorithm will be available to the public at https://aliasgharheidari.com/HGS.html.
•A conjugate-lengthened cyanine NIR fluorescent probe was firstly obtained.•The probe displayed good selectivity and high sensitivity towards H2S with a detection limit 20 nM.•The probe can ...efficiently realize mitochondria-targeted H2S in vivo.
As an important biological messenger and effector molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) not only is involved in maintaining the physiological function in cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems but also controls the activity of mitochondrial atpase and antioxidant stress in living cells. Herein, a new PET-based mitochondria-targeted NIR probe Mito-N3 with good selectivity and high sensitivity for H2S was presented in this work. The free probe has no fluorescence, however, once reacts with H2S, Mito-N3 goes through an analyte-prompted immolation, resulting in the releasing of the fluorophore (Mito−OH) and the concomitant restoring of remarkable fluorescence in the NIR emission at 736 nm. The detection limit was calculated as low as 20 nM. Most importantly, fluorescence imaging experiments showed that the probe can monitor the intracellular H2S level in mitochondria of MCF-7 cells, the probe Mito-N3 also had the potential application in sensing and tracking H2S in living nude mice.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a cutting-edge technology that has been widely applied in tourism operations. To enhance tourists' experience, many tourism suppliers introduced AI devices to interact ...with tourists. Previous studies classified AI devices as task- and social- oriented based on their functions; however, current models that explain customers' intention to use AI devices did not reflect the discrepancy between the two different types. Therefore, this paper attempts to fill this gap by proposing a theoretical model for the use of task-oriented AI devices. Based on the multi-stage appraisal framework and the Structural Equation Modeling analysis, this paper presents the following findings: (1) utilitarian motivation, interaction convenience, and task-technology fit are the factors appraised in the first stage; (2) perceived competence and flow experience are the factors appraised in the second stage; (3) utilitarian motivation, interaction convenience, and task-technology fit are positively associated with perceived competence. (4) Perceived competence positively influences flow experience, which further affects customers' switching intention from task-oriented AI devices to human service; (5) the serial mediating effect of perceived competence and flow experience between the stimulus mentioned in the first appraisal stage and the switching intention is confirmed. This study reveals the underlying psychological mechanism when customers use task-oriented AI devices, and it provides a theoretical framework for task-oriented AI device adoption.
GPIHBP1 is a protein found in the endothelial cells of capillaries that is anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol and binds to high-density lipoproteins. GPIHBP1 attaches to lipoprotein lipase ...(LPL), subsequently carrying the enzyme and anchoring it to the capillary lumen. Enabling lipid metabolism is essential for the marginalization of lipoproteins alongside capillaries. Studies underscore the significance of GPIHBP1 in transporting, stabilizing, and aiding in the marginalization of LPL. The intricate interplay between GPIHBP1 and LPL has provided novel insights into chylomicronemia in recent years. Mutations hindering the formation or reducing the efficiency of the GPIHBP1-LPL complex are central to the onset of chylomicronemia. This review delves into the structural nuances of the GPIHBP1-LPL interaction, the consequences of mutations in the complex leading to chylomicronemia, and cutting-edge advancements in chylomicronemia treatment.
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•GPIHBP1 plays a crucial role in LPL-mediated lipid metabolism.•Lipoprotein lipase is also active in its monomeric form.•ANGPTLs, ApoC1, etc. may affect the formation of the GPIHBP1-LPL complex.•GPIHBP1-LPL complex is an innovative target to the treatment of Chylomicronemia.
A colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor bearing hybrid coumarin–hemicyanine functionality has been synthesized for H2S sensing. The detection of sulfide was performed via the nucleophilic attack ...toward the polarized CN and an electron-poor CC bond of the probe, which can provide a potentially powerful approach for probing H2S chemistry in biological system.
•The diethylaminocoumarin–hemicyanine dye was developed as a ratiometric colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor for hydrogen sulfide.•The detection limit of hydrogen sulfide was as low as 14nm.•The sensor can be used to bioimaging.
A new selective colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for H2S, diethylaminocoumarin–hemicyanine dye has been designed, synthesized and evaluated. In CH3OH-HEPES (10mM, pH 7.4) buffer solution containing the sensor, the addition of H2S made the UV–vis absorption of the sensor taking place blue-shift from red to yellow, and the fluorescence of the sensor also changed from red to green. Other analytes did not disturb the determination of H2S. The mechanism is based on the nucleophilic attack toward the polarized CN and an electron-poor CC bond of the sensor. Moreover, its adduct was proved by ESI-MS and NMR. The system was used to react with H2S in the cell, which can provide a potentially powerful approach for probing H2S chemistry in biological system.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and the major cause of joint pain and disability in the elderly. It is mainly characterized by articular cartilage degradation and ...subchondral bone remodeling. There are two main types of OA: natural occurring OA and secondary OA, mainly associated with aging and trauma, respectively. In this study, we established two OA models in rat knee joints to simulate the two types of OA, using the type II collagenase injection (CI) and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), respectively. After intervention for 2-6 weeks, cartilage and subchondral bone changes were detected in histological staining, immunochemistry, and micro-CT. Results showed that both models with typical pathology changes of OA were successfully induced, while the development and severity of OA process in the models were different. In ACLT rats, the cartilage damage was milder, lasted for a shorter time, and subchondral bone reconstruction occurred earlier, compared with the changes in CI rats. The cartilage damage was secondary to subchondral bone change in ACLT rats, while subchondral bone change was secondary to cartilage degeneration in CI rats. In conclusion, the interaction between cartilage and subchondral bone is different between the natural-occurring and secondary OA models. These two models not only suggest potential different mechanisms of the two types of OA, but also provide new directions for OA treatment and prevention.
A novel fluorescent probe, 1,8-diaminonaphthalene which was commercially available, was firstly used to detect hypochlorite in aqueous solution. The strategy is based on a specific reaction promoted ...by hypochlorite: namely, hypochlorite oxidizes aminos of probe to imine with the emission shift from blue to green. The sensor could be applied in practical sample and bioimagings.
In this work, we have successfully provided a novel strategy for employing commercially available fluorescent reagent as probe for hypochlorite. The strategy is based on a specific reaction promoted by hypochlorite: namely, hypochlorite oxidizes aminos of probe to imines, which has not yet been used in the fluorescent hypochlorite probe design. Interestingly, the probe showed a fluorescent response to hypochlorite with the emission shift from blue to green. Furthermore, the probe displayed high selectivity for hypochlorite over other species. The probe can be used in detecting practical sample and bioimagings. The probe developed herein made it become possible that organic complexes containing amino can be used to design fluorescence probes for hypochlorite.
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•Higher fish TDα, FDα and PDα were detected in summer in the nSCS.•TDβ, FDβ and PDβ of fish community significantly increased in winter.•Species replacement predominantly drove fish ...beta diversity in the nSCS.•Water environmental factors mainly influenced TDβ, FDβ, PDβ in summer.
Comprehending fish diversity through multiple dimensions is a crucial aspect in advancing our understanding of fish populations and promoting sustainable fisheries as well as diversity conservation. Traditional research on fish diversity has been limited to non-genetic methods. The advent of environmental DNA (eDNA) technology enables simultaneous examination of both non-genetic and genetic aspects of fish diversity. In this study, we evaluated the ability of eDNA to capture multidimensional fish diversity in the northern South China Sea, with emphasis on phylogenetic diversity. The effect of environmental change and geographical location on multidimensional fish diversity across different seasons was also investigated. The analysis of species accumulation curves revealed that the observed species richness approached an asymptote, achieving 94.7% and 89.5% of the predicted values during the summer and winter, respectively. Alpha diversity of taxonomic (species, 225 vs. species, 102), functional (FRic, 0.51 vs. FRic, 0.19), and phylogenetic (PD, 26.27 vs. PD, 15.81) dimensions were found to be higher in summer compared to winter, with environmental factors significantly influencing these diversities across seasons. Regarding the three dimensions of beta diversity, replacement made a greater relative contribution to total taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity than richness difference. These effects were primarily influenced by water environment factors (e.g., NO2−, SiO32−, surface temperature) during the summer and geographical factors (e.g., longitude and latitude) during the winter. This study provides evidence supporting the feasibility of utilizing eDNA techniques to uncover fish diversity in multiple dimensions, with a specific emphasis on its intrinsic genetic characteristics, which hold substantial value for the protection of diversity and the scientific administration of fishery resources.
Plant architecture and organ size are considered as important traits in crop breeding and germplasm improvement. Although several factors affecting plant architecture and organ size have been ...identified in rice, the genetic and regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified and characterized the
(
) mutant in rice (
), which exhibits narrow and rolled leaf, reductions in plant height, root length, and grain width, and other morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that
is allelic with
, a gene encoding the cellulose synthase-like protein D4, and is highly expressed in the roots at the seedling and tillering stages. Microscopic observation revealed the
mutant had reduced number and width in leaf veins, smaller size of leaf bulliform cells, reduced cell length and cell area in the culm, and decreased width of epidermal cells in the outer glume of the grain. These results indicate the role of
in modulating cell division and cell expansion, which modulates plant architecture and organ size. It is showed that the contents of endogenous hormones including auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, and zeatin tested in the
mutant were significantly altered, compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are significantly enriched in the pathways associated with plant hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and cell wall formation. These results indicated that the loss of
/
function disrupted cell wall cellulose synthase and hormones homeostasis and signaling, thus leading to smaller plant and organ size in
. Taken together, we suggest the functional role of
/
in the control of rice plant and organ size by modulating cell division and expansion, likely through the effects of multiple hormonal pathways on cell wall formation.
Previous studies have reported that religious words and religiosity affect mental processes and behaviors. However, it is unclear what psycholinguistic features of religious words (e.g., familiarity, ...imageability, and emotional aspects) are associated with each dimension of personal religiosity (intellect, ideology, public practice, private practice, and experience). The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how the above-mentioned psycholinguistic features of religious words correlate with each of the core dimensions of religiosity. Japanese participants evaluated four psycholinguistic features of twelve religious words using a 5-point Semantic Differential scale for familiarity and imageability and a 9-point Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale for emotional valence and emotional arousal. The participants also rated their own religiosity using the Japanese version of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (JCRS). The results of the study revealed that (1) the scales measuring the psycholinguistic features of religious words were statistically reliable; (2) the JCRS was reliable; (3) the familiarity, emotional valence, and emotional arousal of religious words and each mean dimensional score of the JCRS score correlated positively with each other; and (4) highly religious people had higher familiarity and higher emotional arousal to religious words than non-religious people, whereas highly religious people had higher emotional valence to religious words in comparison with non-religious and religious people. In addition, religious people had higher familiarity to religious words than non-religious people. Taken together, these findings suggest that psycholinguistic features of religious words contribute to the detection of religiosity.
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