Sex differences (biological distinctions between males and females) present a complex interplay of genetic, developmental, biological, and environmental factors. More and more studies are shedding ...light on the importance of sex differences in normal physiology and susceptibility to cancer, cardiovascular and renal conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review is devoted to the role of sex dimorphisms in renal function, with a focus on the distinctions between male and female mitochondria. Here, we cover the aspects of renal mitochondrial bioenergetics where sex differences have been reported to date, for instance, biogenesis, reactive oxygen species production, and oxidative stress. Special attention is devoted to the effects of sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, on mitochondrial bioenergetics in the kidney in physiology and pathophysiology.
Abstract
Super-Kamiokande has been searching for neutrino bursts characteristic of core-collapse supernovae continuously, in real time, since the start of operations in 1996. The present work focuses ...on detecting more distant supernovae whose event rate may be too small to trigger in real time, but may be identified using an offline approach. The analysis of data collected from 2008 to 2018 found no evidence of distant supernovae bursts. This establishes an upper limit of 0.29 yr
−1
on the rate of core-collapse supernovae out to 100 kpc at 90% C.L. For supernovae that fail to explode and collapse directly to black holes the limit reaches to 300 kpc.
We present a measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with the Super-Kamiokande detector using atmospheric neutrinos from the complete pure-water SK I–V (April 1996–July 2020) dataset, ...including events from an expanded fiducial volume. The dataset corresponds to 6511.3 live days and an exposure of 484.2 kiloton-years. Measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters Δ m 3 2 2 , sin 2 θ 2 3 , sin 2 θ 1 3 , δ CP , and the preference for the neutrino mass ordering are presented with atmospheric neutrino data alone, and with constraints on sin 2 θ 1 3 from reactor neutrino experiments. Our analysis including constraints on sin 2 θ 1 3 favors the normal mass ordering at the 92.3% level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Second gadolinium loading to Super-Kamiokande Hiraide, K.; Kameda, J.; Kanemura, Y. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
August 2024, Letnik:
1065
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The first loading of gadolinium (Gd) into Super-Kamiokande in 2020 was successful, and the neutron capture efficiency on Gd reached 50%. To further increase the Gd neutron capture efficiency to 75%, ...26.1 tons of Gd2(SO4)3⋅8H2O was additionally loaded into Super-Kamiokande (SK) from May 31 to July 4, 2022. As the amount of loaded Gd2(SO4)3⋅8H2O was doubled compared to the first loading, the capacity of the powder dissolving system was doubled. We also developed new batches of gadolinium sulfate with even further reduced radioactive impurities. In addition, a more efficient screening method was devised and implemented to evaluate these new batches of Gd2(SO4)3⋅8H2O. Following the second loading, the Gd concentration in SK was measured to be 333.5±2.5 ppm via an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). From the mean neutron capture time constant of neutrons from an Am/Be calibration source, the Gd concentration was independently measured to be 332.7 ± 6.8(sys.) ± 1.1(stat.) ppm, consistent with the AAS result. Furthermore, during the loading the Gd concentration was monitored continually using the capture time constant of each spallation neutron produced by cosmic-ray muons, and the final neutron capture efficiency was shown to become 1.5 times higher than that of the first loaded phase, as expected.
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•We conducted additional loading of 26.1 tons of Gd2(SO4)3⋅8H2O to Super-Kmaioknade in 2022.•Developed new batches of gadolinium sulfate with reduced radioactive impurities.•Gd concentration in SK measured to be 333.5±2.5 ppm by an AAS.•Gd concentration derived from the neutron capture time is consistent with AAS.•Demonstrated a 1.5 times higher neutron capture efficiency as expected.
Inflammation is an essential part of the immune response; it has been found to be central to the disruption of kidney function in acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and other ...renal conditions. One of the well‐known mediators of the inflammatory response is histamine. Histamine receptors are expressed throughout different tissues, including the kidney, and their inhibition has proven to be a viable strategy for the treatment of many inflammation‐associated diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of histamine and its metabolism in the kidney. Establishing the importance of histamine signaling for kidney function will enable new approaches for the treatment of kidney diseases associated with inflammation.
Inflammation is central to renal pathophysiology. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of histamine, a well‐known mediator of inflammation, and its metabolism in the kidney.
The paper is devoted to the timely challenge of understanding how implementing long-term grant competitions organised by non-governmental founds develops the Russian third sector. The focus of the ...investigation moved from the direct results of grants implementation to indirect influences on third sector infrastructure. On the one hand, the third sector cannot be effective under strict official government regulation. On the other hand, spontaneous development of this sector which is oriented only to grassroots activities and market demand, decreases its effectiveness. Our investigation is based on materials of implementation of concourse “Active generation”, which is provided by regional NGOs by support from Elena and Gennady Timchenko Foundation 2011—2019. The empirical base is formed by investigating a comprehensive range of sources such as statistical reports of grant receivers, semi-structured interviews with regional operators, internet survey of organisations-applicants and face-to-face interviews with beneficiaries of the projects. According to our findings, a long-term grant programme which is implemented by partnerships between regional resource centres creates new social networks between all participants of this concourse and strengthens not only work with the oldest generation but also increased intensity of other social services. At the same time, the effective development of the third sector infrastructure depends on the synergy between all stakeholders such as official bodies, NGOs, social services and clients of social services. Due to the influence of the concourse, which is the outside factor for a particular region, all stakeholders can pull together for the realisation or split apart/compete and can create some barriers for development. Our research identifies the main vectors of interaction and formulates recommendations for their settlement.
We report a search for cosmic-ray boosted dark matter with protons using the 0.37 megaton×years data collected at Super-Kamiokande experiment during the 1996-2018 period (SKI-IV phase). We searched ...for an excess of proton recoils above the atmospheric neutrino background from the vicinity of the Galactic Center. No such excess is observed, and limits are calculated for two reference models of dark matter with either a constant interaction cross section or through a scalar mediator. This is the first experimental search for boosted dark matter with hadrons using directional information. The results present the most stringent limits on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter and exclude the dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross section between 10^{-33}cm^{2} and 10^{-27}cm^{2} for dark matter mass from 1 MeV/c^{2} to 300 MeV/c^{2}.
Abstract
We report the first search result for the flux of astrophysical electron antineutrinos for energies
(
10
)
MeV
in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector. In 2020 June, ...gadolinium was introduced to the ultrapure water of the SK detector in order to detect neutrons more efficiently. In this new experimental phase, SK-Gd, we can search for electron antineutrinos via inverse beta decay with efficient background rejection thanks to the high efficiency of the neutron tagging technique. In this paper, we report the result for the initial stage of SK-Gd, during 2020 August 26, and 2022 June 1 with a 22.5 × 552 kton · day exposure at 0.01% Gd mass concentration. No significant excess over the expected background in the observed events is found for the neutrino energies below 31.3 MeV. Thus, the flux upper limits are placed at the 90% confidence level. The limits and sensitivities are already comparable with the previous SK result with pure water (22.5 × 2970 kton · day) owing to the enhanced neutron tagging. Operation with Gd increased to 0.03% started in 2022 June.
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