An improved circulating current control method by applying a digital plug-in repetitive controller is discussed for harmonic elimination of a carrier-phase-shift pulse-width-modulation ...(CPS-PWM)-based modular multilevel converter (MMC) in this paper. The performance of the controller is analyzed in detail based on an improved circulating current control model with the consideration of the submodule voltage disturbance. It is shown that the proposed control method has the merits of simplicity, versatility, and better performance of circulating harmonic current elimination than the traditional proportional integral controller. The stability analysis of the proposed method are also discussed in the paper as well as the design principles. Finally, the experimental results including the steady-state performance and the transient response are given, which validates the feasibility and excellent performance of the proposed control scheme.
We aimed to evaluate the METS-IR (metabolic score for insulin resistance) index for the prediction of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes (coronary artery disease and stroke) in ...patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 2031 adults with hypertension and OSA, participants from the Urumqi Research on Sleep Apnea and Hypertension study (UROSAH). The hazard ratios and 95% CIs (credibility interval) for CVD and its subtypes were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.
After a median follow-up of 6.80 years (interquartile range: 5.90-8.00 years), a total of 317 (15.61%) participants developed new-onset CVD, including 198 (9.75%) incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and 119 (5.86%) incident stroke. After adjusting for as many relevant confounding factors as possible, each SD increase in METS-IR was associated with a 30% increased risk of new onset overall CVD events, a 32% increased risk of new onset CHD, and a 27% increased risk of new onset stroke. When METS-IR was assessed as tertiles, after adjustment for fully confounding factors, the highest tertiles versus the lowest tertiles were associated with a greater hazard of CVD (HR 2.05; 95% CI 1.52,-2.77), CHD (HR 1.96; 95% CI 1.35-2.84), and stroke (HR 2.24; 95% CI 1.35-3.72). The results of various subgroups and sensitivity analyses were similar. When METS-IR was added, CVD predictions were reclassified and identified more accurately than baseline models for the C-index, continuous net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination index. CHD and stroke showed similar results.
METS-IR is a powerful predictor of CVD and its subtypes in patients with hypertension and OSA, which can facilitate the identification of high-risk individuals and provide individualized CVD prevention.
Two years ago, he had an episode of acute myocardial infarction, for which he was treated by intravenous thrombolytic therapy, followed by percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation ...of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).
Supersymmetry (SUSY) helps solve the hierarchy problem in high-energy physics and provides a natural groundwork for unifying gravity with other fundamental interactions. While being one of the most ...promising frameworks for theories beyond the Standard Model, its direct experimental evidence in nature still remains to be discovered. Here we report experimental realization of a supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY QM) model, a reduction of the SUSY quantum field theory for studying its fundamental properties, using a trapped ion quantum simulator. We demonstrate the energy degeneracy caused by SUSY in this model and the spontaneous SUSY breaking. By a partial quantum state tomography of the spin-phonon coupled system, we explicitly measure the supercharge of the degenerate ground states, which are superpositions of the bosonic and the fermionic states. Our work demonstrates the trapped-ion quantum simulator as an economic yet powerful platform to study versatile physics in a single well-controlled system.
High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) is correlated with enhanced objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) for certain cancers receiving immunotherapy. This study aimed to ...investigate the safety and efficacy of toripalimab, a humanized programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody, in advanced gastric cancer (AGC), and the predictive survival benefit of TMB and PD-L1.
We reported on the AGC cohort of phase Ib/II trial evaluating the safety and activity of toripalimab in patients with AGC, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In cohort 1, 58 chemo-refractory AGC patients received toripalimab (3 mg/kg d1, Q2W) as a monotherapy. In cohort 2, 18 chemotherapy-naive AGC patients received toripalimab (360 mg d1, Q3W) with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 qd, d1, capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 b.i.d., d1–d14, Q3W as first-line treatment. Primary end point was ORR. Biomarkers such as PD-L1 and TMB were evaluated for correlation with clinical efficacy.
In cohort 1, the ORR was 12.1% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 39.7%. Median PFS was 1.9 months and median OS was 4.8 months. The TMB-H group showed significant superior OS than the TMB-L group 14.6 versus 4.0 months, HR = 0.48 (96% CI 0.24–0.96), P = 0.038, while PD-L1 overexpression did not correlate with significant survival benefit. A 77.6% of patients experienced at least one treatment-related adverse event (TRAE), and 22.4% of patients experienced a grade 3 or higher TRAE. In cohort 2, the ORR was 66.7% and the DCR was 88.9%. A 94.4% of patients experienced at least one TRAE and 38.9% of patients experienced grade 3 or higher TRAEs.
Toripalimab has demonstrated a manageable safety profile and promising antitumor activity in AGC patients, especially in combination with XELOX. High TMB may be a predictive marker for OS of AGC patients receiving toripalimab as a single agent.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02915432.
We have developed a cell perifusion system of isolated rat islets, to improve the accuracy of controlling the medium content and the stability of the medium flow. This new system presents the ...following characteristics: I1) There is always a consistent flow in the perifusion chamber and only half of its volume is altered when switching the medium. (2) The medium containing test substances can be prepared and held ready in very close proximity to islets. The test glucose media are introduced to the islets immediately after a switch. (3) The environment of the islets could be repeatedly changed from one state to another in a rigorous stepwise manner. The system can provid an accurate switch of glucose concentrations both in time and quantity without introducing pressure disturbances, which makes a suitable tool for studies on rapid insulin-glucose dynamics. In experiments of perifused rat islets, our results further confirmed the observation that the amplitudes of oscillatory insulin secretions were magnified when glucose levels increased but their periods were unaffected. In addition, insulin secretions instantly increased in response to the sudden increase of glucose levels, but gradually decreased in response to the sudden decrease of glucose levels.
Highlights • The difference between glucose–BSA and glycoaldehyde–BSA: effects on PC12 cells. • The protective effect mediated by GLP-1 receptor on AGE-induced neurotoxicity. • GLP-1 can reduce cell ...tau phosphorylation induced by high glucose or glucose–BSA. • GLP-1 regulated tau phosphorylation through a signaling pathway involving GSK-3β.
RNA modifications, such as N
-methyladenosine (m
A), modulate functions of cellular RNA species. However, quantifying differences in RNA modifications has been challenging. Here we develop a ...computational method, xPore, to identify differential RNA modifications from nanopore direct RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. We evaluate our method on transcriptome-wide m
A profiling data, demonstrating that xPore identifies positions of m
A sites at single-base resolution, estimates the fraction of modified RNA species in the cell and quantifies the differential modification rate across conditions. We apply xPore to direct RNA-seq data from six cell lines and multiple myeloma patient samples without a matched control sample and find that many m
A sites are preserved across cell types, whereas a subset exhibit significant differences in their modification rates. Our results show that RNA modifications can be identified from direct RNA-seq data with high accuracy, enabling analysis of differential modifications and expression from a single high-throughput experiment.
Twenty-seven moss specimens collected from the Guangfayong section （Early Miocene,22.1 Ma） of the Weichang District,North China were investigated in the present study.Based on the morphological and ...anatomical features of gametophytes,all specimens were found to belong to three species：Leptodictyum riparium,Drepanocladus subtrichophyllus sp.nov.,and Amblystegium varium,all of which belong to the family Amblystegiaceae.The microhabitats and living environments of fossil mosses were also investigated based on comparison with living mosses.The results suggest that these mosses grew primarily at the edges of rivers,streams,and lakes and favored being submerged in streams or lakes in the Weichang District in the Early Miocene.
Bulk Bragg diffraction spots are observed in the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern of Mn3O4-like films, whose surfaces consist of truncated-pyramid hillocks. The bulk Bragg ...diffraction spots are superposed on sharp streaks due to the flat top-face of the truncated pyramids. The appearance of the bulk Bragg diffraction spots is found to be critically dependent on the surface morphology. The incidence of the electron beam at the side facets of the truncated pyramids is found to give rise to the bulk Bragg diffraction spots. It is found that the incident angle of the electron beam with respect to the facet plane should be larger than 11° to observe bulk Bragg diffraction spots from the Mn3O4-like films. In the Bragg diffraction spots, a kinematically forbidden 006 diffraction spot has been observed, which can be attributed to a dynamic diffraction effect. Based upon the RHEED patterns, the crystal structure and lattice parameters of the films are directly obtained.
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