This research attempts to enhance the learning performance of radial basis function neural network (RBFNuNet) via swarm intelligence (SI) and meta-heuristic algorithms (MHAs). Further, the genetic ...algorithm (GA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms are applied for RBFNuNet to learn. The proposed integration of GA and ACO approaches-based (IGACO) algorithm combines the complementarity of exploitation and exploration capabilities to achieve optimization resolve. The feature of population diversification has higher opportunity to pursue the global optimal substitute being constrained to local optimal exceeding in five continuous test functions. The experimental results have illustrated that GA and ACO approaches can be incorporated intelligently and propose an integrated algorithm, which intents for obtaining the optimal accuracy training performance among relevant algorithms in this study. Additionally, method assessment results for five benchmark problems and a practical spot gold price forecast exercise show that the proposed IGACO algorithm outperforms other algorithms and the Box-Jenkins models in terms of forecasting preciseness and execution time.
The poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is partially attributed to the invasive and metastatic behavior of this disease. Laminin subunit beta-3 (LAMB3) encodes one ...of the three subunits of LM-332, an extracellular matrix protein secreted by cultured human keratinocytes. In addition, LAMB3 is involved in the invasive and metastatic abilities of some types of cancer, including colon, pancreas, lung, cervix, stomach, and prostate cancer, but the role and mechanism of LAMB3 in PDAC have not been previously determined. Herein, we tentatively investigated the role of LAMB3 in the malignant biological behavior of PDAC. In this study, we demonstrated that LAMB3 is upregulated in PDAC. Inhibition of LAMB3 abrogated the tumorigenic outcomes of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation, including those involving cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro, and tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo. Our results showed that LAMB3 could mediate cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PDAC cells and alter the proliferative, invasive, and metastatic behaviors of PDAC by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. LAMB3 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PDAC in the future.
This research attempts to reinforce the cultivating expression of radial basis function neural network (RBFnet) through computational intelligence (CI) and swarm intelligence (SI) learning methods. ...Consequently, the artificial immune system (AIS) and ant colony optimization (ACO) approaches are utilized to cultivate RBFnet for function approximation issue. The proposed hybridization of AIS and ACO approaches optimization (HIAO) algorithm combines the complementarity of exploitation and exploration to realize problem solving. It allows the solution domain having the advantages of intensification and diversification, which further avoids the situation of immature convergence. In addition, the empirical achievements have confirmed that the HIAO algorithm not only obtained the best accurate function approximation for theoretically standard nonlinear problems, it can be further applied on the instance solving for practical crude oil spot price prediction.
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of regulated cell death that is characterized by lipid peroxidation. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating ferroptosis are largely unknown. In this ...study, we report that the RNA-binding protein ELAVL1/HuR plays a crucial role in regulating ferroptosis in liver fibrosis. Upon exposure to ferroptosis-inducing compounds, ELAVL1 protein expression was remarkably increased through the inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. ELAVL1 siRNA led to ferroptosis resistance, whereas ELAVL1 plasmid contributed to classical ferroptotic events. Interestingly, upregulated ELAVL1 expression also appeared to increase autophagosome generation and macroautophagic/autophagic flux, which was the underlying mechanism for ELAVL1-enhanced ferroptosis. Autophagy depletion completely impaired ELAVL1-mediated ferroptotic events, whereas autophagy induction showed a synergistic effect with ELAVL1. Importantly, ELAVL1 promoted autophagy activation via binding to the AU-rich elements within the F3 of the 3ʹ-untranslated region of BECN1/Beclin1 mRNA. The internal deletion of the F3 region abrogated the ELAVL1-mediated BECN1 mRNA stability, and, in turn, prevented ELAVL1-enhanced ferroptosis. In mice, treatment with sorafenib alleviated murine liver fibrosis by inducing hepatic stellate cell (HSC) ferroptosis. HSC-specific knockdown of ELAVL1 impaired sorafenib-induced HSC ferroptosis in murine liver fibrosis. Noteworthy, we retrospectively analyzed the effect of sorafenib on HSC ferroptosis in advanced fibrotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib monotherapy. Attractively, ELAVL1 upregulation, ferritinophagy activation, and ferroptosis induction occurred in primary human HSCs from the collected human liver tissue. Overall, these results reveal novel molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of ferroptosis, and also identify ELAVL1-autophagy-dependent ferroptosis as a potential target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Abbreviations: ACTA2/alpha-SMA: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; ACTB/beta-actin: actin beta; ARE: AU-rich element; ATG: autophagy related; BDL: bile duct ligation; BECN1: beclin 1; BSO: buthionine sulfoximine; COL1A1: collagen type I alpha 1 chain; ELAVL1/HuR: ELAV like RNA binding protein 1; FDA: fluorescein diacetate; FTH1: ferritin heavy chain 1; GOT1/AST: glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1; GPT/ALT: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; GSH: glutathione; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HSC: hepatic stellate cell; LCM: laser capture microdissection; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MDA: malondialdehydep; NCOA4: nuclear receptor coactivator 4; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TBIL: total bilirubin; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGFB1: trasforming growth factor beta 1; UTR: untranslated region; VA-Lip-ELAVL1-siRNA: vitamin A-coupled liposomes carrying ELAVL1-siRNA.
The Anatolian Plateau, currently experiencing rapid uplift and westward escape, records both the termination of oceanic subduction and the conversion to continental collision. The crustal response to ...the transition of the subduction environment from eastern to western Anatolia can be inferred by the seismic velocity and attenuation structures. With this study, we construct a broadband Lg‐wave attenuation model for the Anatolian Plateau and use it to constrain lateral crust heterogeneities linked to this transition. Crustal Lg attenuation links late Cenozoic magmatism with asthenospheric upwelling by characterizing the lithospheric thermal structure. The widely distributed strong attenuation observed in eastern Anatolia may be related to the crustal partial melting due to mantle upwelling after the delamination and subsequent break‐off of the Bitlis slab. Lithospheric dripping in central Anatolia likely facilitates the mantle flows through the window between the Cyprus and Aegean slabs, which results in the piecemeal low QLg ${Q}_{\mathit{Lg}}$ anomaly in central Anatolia.
Plain Language Summary
Different parts of the Anatolian Plateau are in different evolution stages between oceanic subduction and continental collision and currently undergoing plateau uplift and tectonic escape. The regional seismic velocity and attenuation can be used to characterize crustal partial melting and lateral heterogeneity, which can further identify the underlying subduction process. In this study, we construct a high‐resolution broadband Lg‐wave attenuation model for the Anatolian Plateau. Strong Lg attenuation in Anatolia correlates well with late Cenozoic magmatism distributions and can be an indicator of high temperature or partial melting in the crust. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the mantle upwelling induced by the delamination of the Bitlis slab is likely reworking the crust in eastern Anatolia and is the cause of widespread thermal anomalies there. The lithospheric dripping process in central Anatolia may facilitate the mantle flows through the window between the Cyprus and Aegean slabs, and results in a piecemeal low QLg ${Q}_{\mathit{Lg}}$ anomaly pattern in central Anatolia.
Key Points
A high‐resolution broadband Lg‐wave attenuation model is constructed for the Anatolian Plateau
Widespread strong attenuation in the eastern Anatolian crust is likely related to slab delamination
The circular‐shaped attenuation anomaly may result from slab tearing and lithospheric dripping beneath central Anatolia
Asymmetric functionalization of inert C(sp3)–H bonds is a straightforward approach to realize versatile bond-forming events, allowing the precise assembly of molecular complexity with minimal ...functional manipulations. Here, we describe an asymmetric photocatalytic C(sp3)–H bond addition to α-substituted acrylates by using tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) photocatalyst and chiral phosphoric acid as a chiral proton-transfer shuttle. This protocol is supposed to occur via a radical/ionic relay process, including a TBADT-mediated HAT to cleave the inert C(sp3)–H bond, a 1,4-radical addition, a back hydrogen abstraction, and an enantioselective protonation. A variety of inert C–H bond patterns and α-substituted acrylates are well tolerated to enable the rapid synthesis of enantioenriched α-stereogenic esters from simple raw materials.
Direct oxidative C(sp)−H/C(sp3)−H cross‐coupling offers an ideal and environmentally benign protocol for C(sp)−C(sp3) bond formations. As such, reactivity and site‐selectivity with respect to ...C(sp3)−H bond cleavage have remained a persistent challenge. Herein is reported a simple method for iron‐catalyzed/silver‐mediated tertiary alkylation of terminal alkynes with readily available and versatile 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. The reaction is suitable for an array of substrates and proceeds in a highly selective manner even employing alkanes containing other tertiary, benzylic, and C(sp3)−H bonds alpha to heteroatoms. Elaboration of the products enables the synthesis of a series of versatile building blocks. Control experiments implicate the in situ generation of a tertiary carbon‐centered radical species.
An iron‐catalyzed/silver‐mediated tertiary alkylation of terminal alkynes with 1,3‐diesters offers a direct access to highly functionalized alkynes. The reaction is suitable for an array of substrates and proceeds in a highly selective manner even when employing alkanes containing other tertiary, benzylic, and C(sp3)−H bonds alpha to heteroatoms. The products can be transformed into a series of versatile building blocks.
The compensation behaviors and phase transitions of a new 3D fullerene-like polymer are explored by using Monte Carlo method. The ground-state phase diagrams and magnetization profiles are given, and ...the conditions for the occurrence of the compensation temperature
T
comp
are obtained. As classified in Néel theory, N-type and P-type magnetization curves are found. To explore the changes in the transition temperature
T
C
and the compensation temperature
T
comp
induced by physical parameters, we also present the phase diagrams. Furthermore, the critical exponents of the system are calculated, and a good agreement can be achieved by comparing our results with others’. Finally, the triple hysteresis loops are discovered.
Tailoring the electronic arrangement of graphene by doping is a practical strategy for producing significantly improved materials for the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells (FCs). Recent ...studies have proven that the carbon materials doped with the elements, which have the larger (N) or smaller (P, B) electronegative atoms than carbon such as N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs), P-doped graphite layers and B-doped CNTs, have also shown pronounced catalytic activity. Herein, we find that the graphenes doped with the elements, which have the similar electronegativity with carbon such as sulfur and selenium, can also exhibit better catalytic activity than the commercial Pt/C in alkaline media, indicating that these doped graphenes hold great potential for a substitute for Pt-based catalysts in FCs. The experimental results are believed to be significant because they not only give further insight into the ORR mechanism of these metal-free doped carbon materials, but also open a way to fabricate other new low-cost NPMCs with high electrocatalytic activity by a simple, economical, and scalable approach for real FC applications.
•We propose an optimized scheme using the maximum norm and the simulated annealing.•The maximum norm offers the largest set of possible solutions for solvers to search.•The explicit finite-difference ...operator is greatly improved by our optimized scheme.•We use a tight error limitation to make accuracy improvement to be high and solid.•Our optimized scheme allows greater saving of computational cost and memory demand.
Conventional explicit finite-difference methods have difficulties in handling high-frequency components due to strong numerical dispersions. One can reduce the numerical dispersions by optimizing the constant coefficients of the finite-difference operator. Different from traditional optimized schemes that use the 2-norm and the least squares, we propose to construct the objective functions using the maximum norm and solve the objective functions using the simulated annealing algorithm. Both theoretical analyses and numerical experiments show that our optimized scheme is superior to traditional optimized schemes with regard to the following three aspects. First, it provides us with much more flexibility when designing the objective functions; thus we can use various possible forms and contents to make the objective functions more reasonable. Second, it allows for tighter error limitation, which is shown to be necessary to avoid rapid error accumulations for simulations on large-scale models with long travel times. Finally, it is powerful to obtain the optimized coefficients that are much closer to the theoretical limits, which means greater savings in computational efforts and memory demand.
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