We consider a boundary value problem for a system of two linear partial differential equations of parabolic type describing the behavior of temperature and vapor density in a spherical droplet and ...its vicinity during the evaporation process. To study this problem, we construct a variant of the Fourier series in a spherical domain for functions with spherical symmetry. Using this series, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the problem under consideration with an unusual coupling condition for the equations, which is characteristic of evaporation.
We thoroughly explore the characteristics of an ultrafast all-optical NOR gate for 160 Gb/s return-to-zero Gaussian data signals using a single quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) ...and an optical filter (OF). In this proposed scheme, we employ an optical clock signal as a probe in addition to data signals as pumps between which the Boolean NOR function is executed. By conducting numerical simulations, we investigate and evaluate the effects of various critical factors on the extinction ratio and
Q
2
-factor. This enables us to specify the margins of clock wavelength, peak power of data and clock signals, current density, electron relaxation time from the excited state to the ground state, linewidth enhancement factor, small signal gain of QD-SOA, OF bandwidth and order, the permissible extent of arrival time difference between data signals and clock, and the effect of amplified spontaneous emission. Moreover, we demonstrate that the proposed device can be applied to a multiple-input NOR gate. The results show that the proposed NOR gate can be achieved with both logical correctness and high quality when the specified conditions are satisfied.
High quality nuclear data is the most fundamental underpinning for all neutron metrology applications. This paper describes the release of version II of the International Reactor Dosimetry and Fusion ...File (IRDFF-II) that contains a consistent set of nuclear data for fission and fusion neutron metrology applications up to 60 MeV neutron energy. The library is intended to support: a) applications in research reactors; b) safety and regulatory applications in the nuclear power generation in commercial fission reactors; and c) material damage studies in support of the research and development of advanced fusion concepts. The paper describes the contents of the library, documents the thorough verification process used in its preparation, and provides an extensive set of validation data gathered from a wide range of neutron benchmark fields. The new IRDFF-II library includes 119 metrology reactions, four cover material reactions to support self-shielding corrections, five metrology metrics used by the dosimetry community, and cumulative fission products yields for seven fission products in three different neutron energy regions. In support of characterizing the measurement of the residual nuclei from the dosimetry reactions and the fission product decay modes, the present document lists the recommended decay data, particle emission energies and probabilities for 68 activation products. It also includes neutron spectral characterization data for 29 neutron benchmark fields for the validation of the library contents. Additional six reference fields were assessed (four from plutonium critical assemblies, two measured fields for thermal-neutron induced fission on 233U and 239Pu targets) but not used for validation due to systematic discrepancies in C/E reaction rate values or lack of reaction-rate experimental data. Another ten analytical functions are included that can be useful for calculating average cross sections, average energy, thermal spectrum average cross sections and resonance integrals. The IRDFF-II library and comprehensive documentation is available online at www-nds.iaea.org/IRDFF/. Evaluated cross sections can be compared with experimental data and other evaluations at www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/endf.htm. The new library is expected to become the international reference in neutron metrology for multiple applications.
An all-optical AND gate using photonic-crystal quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers is designed and its performance is evaluated. The input–output characteristics of the gate are simulated ...using a rate equation model and it is found that the gate can achieve a maximum of ∼9 dB extinction ratio at 160 Gb/s. The proposed gate is compared with quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers AND gate to evaluate its effectiveness with regard to signal quality, device size, and power consumption.
In this investigation, three types of 160 Gb/s all-optical digital comparators using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs) are constructed. These configurations have different ...combination patterns of logic gates and QD-SOAs. Based on numerical simulations, we investigate and evaluate the performance of the devices in terms of the number of logic gates and QD-SOAs, and the value of the extinction ratio (ER). In addition, we demonstrate the effect of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise on the ER and Q-factor. The results show that two of the three configurations are superior to the other configuration in terms of circuit complexity, value of ER, and sensitivity to injection current. Moreover, these two configurations achieve ER values over 10 dB and Q-factor over 9, even when intense ASE noise is considered. The proposed configurations have several advantages such as high quality, easy configuration, insensitivity to injection current, and strong noise robustness, which are favorable for practical applications. This investigation also facilitates the specification of the pros and cons of each configuration, and the determination of the appropriate comparator according to the desired requirements.
The CERN High-Energy AcceleRator Mixed field (CHARM) facility provides a secondary particle field, produced by irradiating a thick target with 24 GeV/c protons supplied by the proton synchrotron. In ...order to investigate the thermalization process of secondary neutrons in the CHARM facility, we measured the thermal neutrons using the gold foil activation method. Bare and Cd-covered gold foils were placed at 35 positions to deduce the thermal neutron distribution in the CHARM facility. The 197Au(n, γ)198Au reaction rates and thermal neutron fluxes measured in this study were compared with the Monte Carlo simulation codes, PHITS, FLUKA, and MARS. The comparison between the measured and simulated values gives an agreement better than a factor of two. Besides, we investigated the simple empirical formula to estimate a thermal neutron flux in the accelerator room, ϕth = CQ/S, where Q is the neutron source intensity and S is the total surface area of a room. The coefficient C estimated in this study did not significantly depend on the incident proton beam energy.
A triple antiemetic therapy combining aprepitant (APR) with conventional double antiemetic therapy, including 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist (5-HT₃-RA) and dexamethasone (DEX), is ...recommended for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting induced by a carboplatin (CBDCA) regimen. However, consensus on the additive effects of APR for gynecological patients on a combined regimen of paclitaxel and CBDCA (TC regimen) has yet to be reached. This retrospective study investigated the antiemetic effects of palonosetron and DEX (PD therapy) and granisetron and DEX with APR (GDA therapy) in patients with gynecologic cancer and who underwent their first TC regimen cycle between April 2017 and March 2020 at the Gunma University Hospital Outpatient Chemotherapy Center. The results showed that the complete response rate of the 92 patients who underwent PD therapy (PD group) and the 46 patients who underwent GDA therapy (GDA group) were both 80.4% (p = 1.000), and the complete control rates of the PD and GDA groups were 78.3% and 80.4%, respectively (p = 0.828), resulting in no significant difference. Furthermore, we observed no significant difference between the PD and GDA groups in the incidence of grade ≥2 nausea, vomiting, and anorexia (nausea: 7.6% vs. 0%, p = 0.095; vomiting: 4.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.301; and anorexia: 9.8% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.164). Concerning adverse events, compared to the PD group, the GDA group showed significantly higher incidence of grade ≥2 malaise (7.6% vs. 19.6%, p = 0.039). Given the lack of difference in the antiemetic effects of PD and GDA therapies, antiemetic therapy should be selected carefully for individual patients by accounting for the incidence of adverse reactions and interactions with APR.
We consider a system of equations that describes the air motion inside tropical cyclones, including consequences of the condensation of water vapor. We examine the system of nonlinear ordinary ...differential equations on wind trajectories in the plane of radial and vertical variables. We prove the unique solvability of the system of differential equations on a segment suitable for modeling of tropical cyclones.
In this paper, we examine the question about the approximation of the solution to a transport-diffusion equation in a half-space with the homogenous Neumann condition. Using heat kernel and ...translation corresponding to the transport in each step of time discretization, we construct a family of approximate solutions. By even extension the given functions and the approximate solutions are transformed into functions defined on the whole space, what makes it possible to establish estimates of approximate solutions and their derivatives and to prove their convergence. We show that the limit function satisfies the equation and the boundary condition.
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