The charged particle multiplicity as a function of pseudorapidity (
η
), transverse momentum spectra (
p
T
), average transverse momentum (
⟨
p
⊥
⟩
), and multiplicity as a function of the number of ...charged particles have been studied using various cosmic rays and non-cosmic rays Monte Carlo (MC) event generators in
pp
collisions at
s
= 13 TeV. The distributions are investigated for transverse momentum,
p
T
>
0.5
GeV, pseudorapidity
|
η
|
<
2.5
and requirement of at least one charged particle produced in an event. Additionally, these measurements for reduced phase space region with a requirement of
|
η
|
<
0.8
are also performed. We show the models’ predictions in contrast with the experimental data from ATLAS and CMS. It has been observed from these measurements that none of the discussed model-based event generators completely predict the experimental results except EPOS, which, in general, has excellent agreement with the data. The cosmic-ray (CR) simulation models can cover the central region of rapidity density distributions. Gribov’s Reggeon Field Theory (RFT)-based models treat the diffractive scattering more advanced than the CR models. The model-based observations can be constructive to re-tune some basic parameters and help to study the extrapolation at the highest possible energies. These observations can also help put possible constraints on improving the pQCD and non-pQCD-based hadronic event generators.
Abstract Objective We have previously used a 12-lead, signal-processed ECG to calculate blood potassium levels. We now assess the feasibility of doing so with a smartphone-enabled single lead, to ...permit remote monitoring. Patients and methods Twenty-one hemodialysis patients held a smartphone equipped with inexpensive FDA-approved electrodes for three 2 min intervals during hemodialysis. Individualized potassium estimation models were generated for each patient. ECG-calculated potassium values were compared to blood potassium results at subsequent visits to evaluate the accuracy of the potassium estimation models. Results The mean absolute error between the estimated potassium and blood potassium 0.38 ± 0.32 mEq/L (9% of average potassium level) decreasing to 0.6 mEq/L using predictors of poor signal. Conclusions A single-lead ECG acquired using electrodes attached to a smartphone device can be processed to calculate the serum potassium with an error of 9% in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Summary A single-lead ECG acquired using electrodes attached to a smartphone can be processed to calculate the serum potassium in patients undergoing hemodialysis remotely.
This paper has compared
V
0
ratios between HIJING, Sibyll, and QGSJET model-based event generators. The ratios under study are
Λ
¯
/
Λ
,
Λ
¯
/
K
S
0
and
Ξ
-
/
Λ
as a function of rapidity
y
, rapidity ...loss (
Δ
y
) and
p
T
from
pp
collisions at
s
= 0.2, 0.9, and 7 TeV and these simulations are then compared with the STAR and LHCb fiducial phase spaces in different
p
T
regions. Although the models could produce some ratios in a limited
p
T
or
y
region, none completely predicts the experimental results. The QGSJET has good predictions with the data in most cases, but since the model does not include
Ξ
particle definition, it does not give any predictions for
Ξ
/
Λ
ratios. The extrapolation to the highest possible energies can be studied by re-tuning some basic parameters based on current and previous measurements. These kinds of systematic comparison studies are also helpful in applying certain constraints on the pQCD and non-pQCD-based hadronic event generators to significantly improve the predictions of Standard Model physics at the RHIC and LHC experimental data for the understanding of underlying physics mechanisms in high energy collisions.
Long term load forecasting data is important for grid expansion and power system operation. Besides, it also important to ensure the generation capacity meet electricity demand at all times. In this ...paper, Least-Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) is used to predict the long-term load demand. Four inputs are considered which are peak load demand, ambient temperature, humidity and wind speed. Total load demand is set as the output of prediction in LSSVM. In order to improve the accuracy of the LSSVM, Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is hybridized to obtain the optimal parameters of LSSVM namely GWO-LSSVM. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) is used as the quantify measurement of the prediction model. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the value of MAPE. The performance of GWO-LSSVM is compared with other methods such as LSSVM and Ant Lion Optimizer – Least-Square Support Vector Machine (ALO-LSSVM). From the results obtained, it can be concluded that GWO-LSSVM provide lower MAPE value which is 0.13% as compared to other methods.
The cyclotron driven fast quasi-monoenergetic neutron source based on the p+ 9Be (thin target) reaction was studied at the proton energy around 30 MeV Due to higher melting point of Be, the p+ ...9Be(thin), reaction could be considered as an alternative to the most used p+Li(thin) neutron source, providing a similar quasi-monoenergetic neutron spectrum at significantly higher neutron output owing to advance in higher incident proton beam current. The neutron spectrum measured by the time-of-flight method agrees with other experimental data and indicates dominant contribution of ground and first excited states leading to only two peaks, separated by some 2–3 MeV, in the p+thin 9Be neutron spectrum.
This paper presents the Evolutionary Programming (EP) which proposed to optimize the training parameters for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in predicting cascading collapse occurrence due to the ...effect of protection system hidden failure. The data has been collected from the probability of hidden failure model simulation from the historical data. The training parameters of multilayer-feedforward with backpropagation has been optimized with objective function to minimize the Mean Square Error (MSE). The optimal training parameters consists of the momentum rate, learning rate and number of neurons in first hidden layer and second hidden layer is selected in EP-ANN. The IEEE 14 bus system has been tested as a case study to validate the propose technique. The results show the reliable prediction of performance validated through MSE and Correlation Coefficient (R).
Conduction system pacing: Magic or Voodoo? Yasin, Omar Z.; Abdullah, Hafez A.; Asirvatham, Samuel J.
Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology,
January 2020, 2020-Jan, 2020-01-00, 20200101, Letnik:
31, Številka:
1
Journal Article
An extended method for gain and noise figure enhancement in the S-band using a thulium-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier (TD-PCFA) is proposed and shown by numerical simulation. The principle ...behind the enhancement is the suppression of unwanted amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) using the PCF structure. This proposed PCF achieves the intended band-pass by doping the cladding with high index material and realizes appropriate short and long cut-off wavelengths by enlarging the air-holes surrounding the doped core region. The PCF geometrical structure is optimized so that high losses occur below the short cut-off wavelength (800 nm) and beyond the long cut-off wavelength (1750 nm). Furthermore, the PCF geometrical structure design allows for high ASE suppression at 800- and 1800-nm band, thus increasing the population inversion needed for amplification in S-band region as the 1050-nm pump propagates light in the band-pass. The proposed TD-PCFA demonstrates gain enhancements of 3-6 dB between 1420 and 1470 nm.
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