OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical and interictal electroencephalographic aspects of children and adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to tumoral lesions. METHOD: We performed a ...retrospective analysis of the clinical and interictal electroencephalographic aspects of 16 children (64 exams) and 12 adults (78 exams) with lesions in the temporal lobe. RESULTS: The most frequent etiologies were gangliogliomas, DNETs, followed by astrocytomas. Auras occurred in both groups, the most common being epigastric sensation. Other findings such as myoclonias, behavioral arrest and vomiting were more frequent in children. Temporal epileptiform and nonepileptiform activities, mostly unilateral, were found in both groups. Extratemporal epileptiform activities (frontal, parietal, central, occipital and generalized) were also found equally in both groups. CONCLUSION: Our data show that children and adults with TLE due to expansive lesions present with similar EEG findings.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os aspectos eletrencefalográficos interictais e clínicos de crianças e adultos com epilepsia do lobo temporal secundária a lesões tumorais. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva dos aspectos clínicos e eletrencefalográficos interictais de 16 crianças (64 exames) e 12 adultos (78 exames) com lesões tumorais no lobo temporal. RESULTADOS: As etiologias mais freqüentes foram gangliogliomas e DNETs, seguidos por astrocitomas. As auras ocorreram em ambos os grupos, sendo a sensação epigástrica a mais comum. Outros achados tais como mioclonias, parada comportamental e vômitos foram mais freqüentes em crianças. Atividade epileptiforme e não epileptiforme temporal, principalmente unilateral, foi encontrada nos dois grupos. Atividade epileptiforme extra temporal (frontal, parietal, central, occipital e generalizada) foi também igualmente detectada em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças e adultos com epilepsia do lobo temporal secundária a lesões tumorais apresentam padrão eletrencefalográfico semelhante.
BackgroundThe expression of serine protease granzyme-B (GzmB) by circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes has been recently suggested as a biomarker for poor immunotherapy response and severe disability in ...patients with Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). In parallel, venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been reported mainly in NMOSD patients exhibiting transverse myelitis. Case presentationHere, we describe an Aquaporin-4 positive (AQP4-positive) NMOSD patient who showed short myelitis (SM) and experienced a fatal pulmonary thromboembolism/lower extremity deep vein thrombosis during anti-CD20 treatment. Flow cytometry analyses from the peripheral blood revealed an enhanced cytotoxic behavior through circulating CD8+GzmB+ T, CD4+GzmB+ T lymphocytes, and residual CD19+GzmB+ B cells. ConclusionsFatal VTE may be a rare outcome, particularly in patients exhibiting SM, and may share poorly understood immunological mechanisms with AQP4-positive NMOSD severity.
Orientadores: Fernando Cendes, Helder Tedeschi
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Objetivo: A cirurgia para pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial refratária oferece um controle de crises para aproximadamente 70% dos pacientes. Neste estudo comparamos a eficácia entre o tratamento clínico e cirúrgico e investigamos a relação entre as alterações estruturais (atrofia de substância branca, SB e cinzenta, SC) nas imagens de ressonância magnética (RM) pré-operatórias e o resultado cirúrgico; bem como evidências estruturais de neuroplasticidade nas imagens de RM pós-operatórias. Métodos: Realizamos uma curva de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier para comparar a eficácia entre os dois tipos de tratamento, para o grupo clínico (85 pacientes, 30 mulheres) e grupo cirúrgico (46 pacientes, 16 mulheres). Avaliamos as imagens de RM através da técnica de Morfometria Baseada em Voxel com o software SPM2 (Statistical Parametric Mapping)/MATLAB 7.0, comparando pacientes com indivíduos normais através de um Teste-T. Para essa análise dividimos os pacientes operados em grupos de acordo com o controle de crises obtido. Para investigar as alterações plásticas pós-operatórias realizamos um teste-T pareado entre as imagens pré e pós-operatórias. Resultados: A análise de sobrevivência confirmou a superioridade do tratamento cirúrgico (84% de pacientes controlados) em longo razo em comparação ao tratamento medicamentoso (7% de pacientes controlados), p< 0,001. Os pacientes com melhor resultado cirúrgico apresentavam um padrão restrito de atrofia de SC em comparação aos pacientes com crises após a cirurgia. Apenas os pacientes controlados tiveram evidências de recuperação de SB e SC após a cirurgia. Conclusão: A cirurgia oferece um melhor controle de crises que o tratamento medicamentoso e a chance de recuperar áreas com atrofia de SB e SC.
Abstract: Objective: Surgery for refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) generally offers good seizure control for approximately 70% of patients. In this study we compared the efficacy between surgical and clinical treatments and investigated the relationship between pre-operative structural abnormalities (white matter and grey matter atrophy) and surgical outcome. We also investigated the structural evidences of brain plasticity on post-operative MRI scans. Methods: We performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to compare the efficacy between surgical and medical groups. Clinical group included 85 patients (30 women) and the surgical group included 46 patients (16 women). We applied Voxel Based Morphometry technique on SPM2 (Statistical Parametric Mapping)/MATLAB 7.0 and compared patients with normal individuals with T-Test. For this analysis we separated patients according to post-operative surgical control. In order to investigate plastic changes after surgery we performed paired T-Test between pre and postoperative MR scans. Results: Survival analysis confirmed the superiority of surgical treatment for long-term seizure control (seizure control in 84% of patients) compared to medical treatment (seizure control in 7% of patients), p<0.001. Patients with better seizure control presented a restricted pattern of Grey matter atrophy, compared to patients with poorer seizure control which presented a widespread pattern of Grey matter atrophy. Our analysis showed that only patients with good seizure control presented structural evidences of white matter and grey matter recovery after surgery. Conclusion: Surgical treatment offers better chances of seizure control for refractory MTLE as well as the opportunity of relative white matter and grey matter recovery.
Doutorado
Neurologia
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Orientador: Helder Tedeschi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: A epilepsia é uma doença crônica que acomete 0,5% a 2% da população em geral, sendo considerada a segunda patologia neurológica mais freqüente. A epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial (ELTM) com atrofia hipocampal é a forma mais freqüente das epilepsias parciais refratárias ao tratamento medicamentoso. Nestes pacientes, o tratamento cirúrgico é capaz de proporcionar uma redução da freqüência ou o controle total de crises. Com o objetivo de comparar a eficácia dos tratamentos cirúrgico e clínico realizamos um estudo prospectivo com 26 pacientes com ELTM que foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico e 75 pacientes com ELTM submetidos a tratamento medicamentoso entre agosto de 2002 e outubro de 2004 . Todos os pacientes apresentavam critérios de refratariedade, ou seja, controle inadequado de crises parciais com uso em doses máximas toleradas de pelo menos duas drogas antiepilépticas, durante pelo menos um ano. Utilizamos a análise de curva de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier em função do tempo de recorrência das crises para obter o intervalo de confiança dos pacientes sem crises e o teste log-rank para comparação do estado de controle de crises entre os grupos. A proporção acumulada dos pacientes sem crise (classe IA de Engel) foi maior no grupo submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico (73.1%) comparando-se com o grupo clínico (12%) (p<0.0001). No grupo cirúrgico, 2 de 26 pacientes (7.7%) apresentaram alterações neurológicas transitórias e 2 dos 26 (7.7%), alterações neurológicas permanentes relacionados ao procedimento cirúrgico. No grupo clínico, sete pacientes (9.3%) apresentaram eventos adversos graves durante o seguimento, tais como queimaduras e estado de mal epiléptico. O tratamento cirúrgico para ELTM refratária ao tratamento clínico prévio com duas DAEs foi mais eficiente que o tratamento clínico, incluindo novas tentativas de mono ou politerapia
Abstract: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects 0.5% to 2% of the general population, and is considered the second most frequent neurological condition in outpatient clinics. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated to hippocampal sclerosis is the most frequent type of partial epilepsy in adult. A significant proportion of these patients do not respond to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). For patients with MTLE and refractory seizures, surgery is considered an efficient treatment option. We prospectively studied 26 patients with MTLE who underwent surgical treatment and 75 patients with MTLE who underwent medical treatment between August 2002 and October 2004. All patients failed to achieve seizure control with at least two first line AED for partial seizures before entering the study. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis as a function of time of seizure recurrence to obtain estimates of 95% confident interval of seizure freedom and log-rank test to compare the status of seizure control between the two groups. The cumulative proportion of patients free of all seizures (Engel¿s class IA) was higher in the surgical group (73.1%) compared to the clinical group (12%) (p<0.0001). In the surgical group, 2 of 26 patients (7.7%) had transient adverse effects and 2 of 26 patients (7.7%) had a permanent deficit related to the surgical procedure. In the clinical group 7 patients had (9.3%) major adverse events during follow-up, including burns and status epilepticus. Surgical treatment for patients with MTLE who failed to achieve seizure control with two previous AED regimens was more efficient than medical treatment with further trials of AED
Mestrado
Neurologia
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
To characterize clinical and interictal electroencephalographic aspects of children and adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to tumoral lesions.
We performed a retrospective analysis of the ...clinical and interictal electroencephalographic aspects of 16 children (64 exams) and 12 adults (78 exams) with lesions in the temporal lobe.
The most frequent etiologies were gangliogliomas, DNETs, followed by astrocytomas. Auras occurred in both groups, the most common being epigastric sensation. Other findings such as myoclonias, behavioral arrest and vomiting were more frequent in children. Temporal epileptiform and nonepileptiform activities, mostly unilateral, were found in both groups. Extratemporal epileptiform activities (frontal, parietal, central, occipital and generalized) were also found equally in both groups.
Our data show that children and adults with TLE due to expansive lesions present with similar EEG findings.
To evaluate both cosmetic and functional effects of temporalis muscle atrophy, by means of clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electromyographic (EMG) activity in patients who ...underwent craniotomy in order to treat refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).
A total of 18 controls and 18 patients who underwent surgery for MTLE were investigated. The temporalis muscle volume of the patients was assessed by a 3D reconstruction. The image analysis software (ITK-SNAP) was used for the 3D reconstruction. In addition, the amplitude of the EMG signal during a maximum voluntary clench was recorded from both temporalis muscles by surface electrodes. The presence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) signs was assessed by clinical examination that was performed only after surgery. Data were analyzed statistically by means of the Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test, Pearson χ² and linear regression.
The volume of the temporalis muscle of the operated side was significantly reduced (P = .004). The EMG results confirmed the presence of muscle atrophy, the amplitude of the EMG signal being significantly decreased on the operated side (P < .05). Also the patients' maximum mouth opening after surgery was significantly reduced compared to that of the controls (P < .0001). Patients presented facial asymmetry, signs of TMD (pain, disc displacement, and joint sounds), and masticatory abnormalities.
These preliminary results showed that, despite the good control of seizures, some patients may experience cosmetic and functional abnormalities of temporalis muscle secondary to atrophy and fibrosis.
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