Virus-like particle (VLP) platform represents a promising approach for the generation of efficient and immunogenic subunit vaccines. Here, the feasibility of using grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) VLPs ...as a new carrier for the presentation of human papillomavirus (HPV) L2 epitope was studied. To achieve this goal, a model of the HPV L2 epitope secondary structure was predicted and its insertion within 5 external loops in the GFLV capsid protein (CP) was evaluated.
The epitope sequence was genetically inserted in the αB-αB
domain C of the GFLV CP, which was then over-expressed in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli. The highest expression yield was obtained in E. coli. Using this system, VLP formation requires a denaturation-refolding step, whereas VLPs with lower production yield were directly formed using P. pastoris, as confirmed by electron microscopy and immunostaining electron microscopy. Since the GFLV L2 VLPs were found to interact with the HPV L2 antibody under native conditions in capillary electrophoresis and in ELISA, it can be assumed that the inserted epitope is located at the VLP surface with its proper ternary structure.
The results demonstrate that GFLV VLPs constitute a potential scaffold for surface display of the epitope of interest.
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) evaluation is an important measure of the impact of the disease. As more people with coronary heart disease (CHD) live longer, doctors and researchers want to ...know how they manage in day to day life. It looked like adults with CHD had a decrease QOL. The aim of this study was to comparison of HRQOL of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and to assess its main determinants in the whole sample of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.
The study was carried out to estimate HRQOL of 109 patients who underwent invasive coronary revascularization PCI (n = 75) and CABG (n = 34). We applied HRQOL after 6 months and 2 years in both groups and scores were compared. The HRQOL data were obtained using MacNew Heart Disease questionnaire with dimensions emotional, physical and social that estimated. Data entry and analysis were performed by SPSS.
A total MacNew scale in CABG and PCI group in 6 months after treatment were 45.32 ± 13.75 and 53.52 ± 15.63, respectively (P = 0.010). After 2 years HRQOL mean changed to 51.176 ± 14.80 and 49.55 ± 16.22, respectively, in CABG and PCI group (P = 0.428). Our results in within-group analysis showed total MacNew scale and its subscales were changed significantly after 2 years in CABG and PCI group's scores were detected. We found in the whole sample of CAD patients those who had a higher level of income and education and were not either overweight or obese experienced better HRQOL.
Our results showed that patients who underwent PCI experienced significantly higher HRQOL in 6 months after revascularization but over 24 months follow-up no difference was observed between the two groups.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate cost effectiveness of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting from Iran society ...perspective.
Methods: A retrospective study was carried out to estimate the annual cost and health related quality of life (HRQoL) of 109 patients who underwent coronary revascularization (PCI n = 75 and CABG n = 34). A Markov model has been developed to determine the cost effectiveness of CABG compared with PCI. We used the model to calculate lifetime costs, life-years (LYs), and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of each strategy. We also used probabilistic sensitivity analysis to test model robustness.
Results: We found that discounted QALY lived per person in CABG versus PCI group in 5 years, 10 years, and lifetime time horizon were (3.8 ± 0.13 versus 3.88 ± 0.14), (6.4 ± 0.23 versus 6.33 ± 0.22), and (8.74 ± 0.29 versus 8.33 ± 0.27), respectively. The estimated medical cost of CABG and PCI per patient in 5 years, 10 years, and lifetime time horizon were (USD 6,819 ± 765 versus 9,011 ± 1,816), (USD 8,852 ± 1,348 versus 12,034 ± 2,375), and (USD 14,037± 4,201 versus 18,798 ± 5,821), respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio results showed CABG is a dominate alternative in 10 years and lifetime time horizon.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that despite higher initial cost and lower HRQoL, CABG is a cost-effective revascularization strategy compared with PCI for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease in long-term.
Caffeine was applied as a green and natural catalyst for the one-pot,four-component sequential condensation between 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone,aromatic 1,2-diamines,ammonium thiocyanate and acid ...chlorides in the presence of a basic ionic liquid（l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide） to afford the corresponding benzoa1,3oxazino6,5-cphenazine derivatives.In this one-pot transformation,five bonds and two new rings are efficiently formed.This protocol has the advantages of operational simplicity,high yields,easy workup,avoidance of hazardous or toxic catalysts and organic solvents and high chemo-and regioselectivities.
An efficient,convenient and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of novel 3-oxo-3Hbenzoapyrano2.3-cphenazine-l-carboxylate and 3-（5-hydroxybenzoaphenazin-6-yl） acrylate derivatives has ...been developed by domino three-component condensation reaction between 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione,benzene-1,2-diamines and acetylenic esters in the presence of a catalytic amount of DABCO as an expedient,eco-friendly and reusable base catalyst in water.This green process produces biologically and pharmacologically significant heterocycles in a one-pot single operation and offers considerable advantages such as：operational simplicity,short reaction time,high yields,reusability of catalyst,absence of any tedious workup or purification and avoids hazardous reagents/solvents.
A green,convenient,high yielding and one-pot procedure for the synthesis of novel spirobenzoαpyrano2,3-cphenazinederivatives by domino multi-component condensation reaction between ...2-hydroxynaphthalene-l,4-dione,benzene-l,2-diamines,ninhydrine,and malononitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione（theophylline） as an expedient,eco-friendly and reusable solid base catalyst under thermal,microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions.This procedure has also been applied successfully for the synthesis of benzoαpyrano2,3-cphenazines.
Recently, the utilization of lithium has increased significantly, particularly in high-tech industries such as nuclear, aerospace, automotive, battery, military, glass and ceramic, and lubricants. ...However, lithium recovery methods from brines present certain drawbacks, making lithium exploitation a global challenge. A comparative analysis of lithium recovery methods from brine solutions indicates that the adsorption method holds promising potential for separating lithium from low-concentration solutions. Despite this, the quest for an effective and efficient adsorbent for lithium-ion adsorption remains a challenge, necessitating the development of an adsorbent, using readily available materials. In this study, carbon-active underwent chemical modification. Notably, the co-precipitation method was employed for the first time to create a composite adsorbent decorated with manganese dioxide (MnO
2
). Various analyses, including XRD, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and BET, were conducted to elucidate the structural, morphological, physical, and chemical properties of the adsorbent. This synthesized adsorbent was applied to the adsorption of lithium from an aqueous sample. Exploration of adsorption parameters affecting capacity led to the identification of optimal conditions: 14-hour duration, an adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, and an ambient temperature of 25°C, in a lithium solution with a concentration of 60.4 ppm. Under these conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was determined to be 30.5 mg/g. Based on experimental results, kinetic and adsorption isotherm models were investigated. The Pseudo-quadratic kinetic model, with an R
2
value of 0.999, emerged as the most suitable for describing the adsorbent's behavior. The Hill isotherm model with R2 = 0.9634 is the most appropriate isotherm model to describe the adsorbent behavior. Additionally, the selectivity of the adsorbent in the presence of other ions was investigated. The adsorbent's reusability was examined, and after two recycling periods, the adsorbent maintained an efficiency of up to 88%, demonstrating its stability. The CAC-MnO2-P composite adsorbent shows technical and economic promise for industrial use in lithium-ion recovery processes.
Various studies have shown the benefits of using distributed fog computing for healthcare systems. The new pattern of fog and edge computing reduces latency for data processing compared to cloud ...computing. Nevertheless, the proposed fog models still have many limitations in improving system performance and patients’ response time.
This paper, proposes a new performance model by integrating fog computing, priority queues and certainty theory into the Edge computing devices and validating it by analyzing heart disease patients' conditions in clinical decision support systems (CDSS). In this model, a Certainty Factor (CF) value is assigned to each symptom of heart disease. When one or more symptoms show an abnormal value, the patient’s condition will be evaluated using CF values in the fog layer. In the fog layer, requests are categorized in different priority queues before arriving into the system. The results demonstrate that network usage, latency, and response time of patients’ requests are respectively improved by 25.55%, 42.92%, and 34.28% compared to the cloud model. Prioritizing patient requests with respect to CF values in the CDSS provides higher system Quality of Service (QoS) and patients’ response time.
This was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial study.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein supplementation on vertebral fusion and enhanced recovery after posterior ...spine fusion (PSF) surgery.
Nonfusion is one of the most common complications of lumbar spine surgery. It has been shown that protein plays an important role in bone repair; however, its correlation to vertebral fusion following PSF surgery is unknown.
In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial study, the intervention group received a diet with 1.2 g of protein plus high-protein supplement (36 g whey protein), and the control group received a similar diet, except for starch as a placebo from 48 hours before to 1 month after surgery.
The intervention group showed a significantly higher rate of vertebral fusion compared with the control group (P=0.019). Surgical site infection and pain were significantly lower in the intervention group. A significant difference was found in the wound healing rate in favor of the intervention group. The rates of decrease in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and increase in serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1, albumin, total protein, and alkaline phosphatase were greater in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.001).
Increased protein intake improves vertebral fusion and enhances recovery in patients undergoing PSF. This was the first study to investigate the effect of protein on fusion and healing factors; as a result, further clinical trials are needed to confirm the current results.
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