Resonant characteristics of a circular patch microstrip antenna on the uniaxially anisotropic substrate are determined via spectral domain analysis. Green's functions of the structure in Hankel ...transform domain are determined by using Hertz vector formulation. The variations in the resonant characteristics depending on the replacement of the isotropic substrate with the uniaxially anisotropic one are analyzed for different permittivity tensor element cases. The results of the study indicate that resonant frequency and bandwidth characteristics of the antenna can be considerably changed due to proper selection of substrate anisotropy ratio and other structural parameters. Depending on the arrived results, operational performance of the antenna will be improved in future studies.
In this paper, fast, accurate, and simple analytic closed-form expressions are presented in order to calculate the quasi-TEM parameters of multilayer elliptical coplanar stripline (CPS), multilayer ...cylindrical CPS, and multilayer CPS, with finite dielectric dimensions by using conformal mapping techniques. The obtained computer-aided-design-oriented expressions are quite accurate and easy to apply in designing microwave integrated circuits and antenna applications. The results have also been compared with the ones of another conformal mapping method available in the literature and also confirmed analytically.
Until recently, what was known about the trade of tin in the ancient Near East was based in large part on information derived from the extensive commercial archives found at the archaeological site ...of Kültepe (ancient Kaneš) in Turkey dating to the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) c. 1900-1750 BC. These archives were produced by an expatriate community of traders native to the city of Assur in modern-day Iraq and document an extensive shipping of tin ingots from unnamed sources east of their hometown. Tin was carried by donkeys through northern Syria and across the Taurus Mountains to Anatolia where it was sold for silver.
This paper presents the first set of tin isotope analyses of bronze objects from Kültepe to test the image provided by these ancient archives, finding that all artifacts dated to the main period of Assyrian trade excavated in the residential areas of the site indeed have high tin content and high values of δ124Sn (0.77–1.74‰) relative to the NIST 3161a standard. Such high values currently compare best with ores from Central Asia. The isotopic analysis of artifacts from the Assyrian Trading Colony Period of Kültepe is therefore consistent with the textual evidence.
However, Early Bronze Age samples recovered at the site are instead characterized by lower ranges that extend to neutral δ124Sn values (0.02–1.31‰). Likewise, one artifact coming from Mound Level 7 (c. 1830-1700) at the center of the site where public buildings were concentrated, and one object dated to the Hellenistic Period (Mound Level 2), when the site saw a resurgence in political importance, likewise have lower δ124Sn compositions of 0.11 and 0.31‰, respectively. Both samples also have low to moderate tin content.
The Early Bronze Age artifacts form a linear array between artifacts from low δ124Sn-low Sn wt% to high δ124Sn-high Sn wt% that suggests a mixing of two compositional groups – not simply the mixing of two isotopically distinct reservoirs of tin, but also distinct in the amount of tin present in the alloy. This would be consistent with the recycling of low tin bronze objects with local tin, together with high tin bronzes containing tin from Central Asia. The two samples from Mound Levels 7 and 2 suggest that although Central Asian tin was predominant in the MBA, Anatolian tin may have continued to be used in a separate bronze production system that remained active at shifting varying of intensity throughout antiquity.
•The first Sn isotope data from Kültepe, a site central to the story of Bronze Age tin trade.•Sn Isotopes reveal that trade patterns and connectivity change over time.•Sn Isotopes support the written record of imports of Central Asian tin in the MBA.•A combination of local and Asian tin is evident in the EBA.
In this paper, the quasi-TEM characteristic parameters of elliptical coplanar coupled waveguides and coupled coplanar waveguide with a finite ground width configuration are presented and analyzed. ...Computer-aided design (CAD)-oriented fast, simple, and accurate analytic formulas are derived by using conformal mapping techniques, which provide satisfactory accuracy at microwave frequencies and lead to closed-form analytical solutions suitable for CAD software packages. The results for the odd- and even-mode characteristic impedance, effective dielectric constant, and coupling coefficient have been computed by these formulas. Good agreement between the present results and published results is observed. For the planar case, simulations have also been undertaken with Sonnet electromagnetic-circuit solver software. The computed results agree well with those of the simulation ones.
The present study was conducted to estimate the (co)variance components for birth and weaning weight (BW and WW) in 8142 Awassi sheep between 2015 and 2017. Estimates were calculated with ...single-trait analysis by the average information restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) method, using a derivative-free algorithm by fitting six different univariate animal models. The negative of the log-likelihood function (LogL), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) tests were used for selecting the best fitted model. In addition, the goodness of fit between the two models was compared with the likelihood ratio test (LRT). Depending on the models,
and
ranged from 0.230 to 0.240 and 0.015 to 0.033 for BW, and 0.108 to 0.168 and 0.024 to 0.081 for WW, respectively. Model 3 for BW and Model 2 for WW were chosen as the best models by LogL comparison criteria. According to the LRT ratio test Model 2, Model 3, and Model 4 for BW and Model 2, Model 3, Model 4, Model 5, and Model 6 for WW were significant (
). Including maternal genetic or maternal permanent environmental effects in these models was found to be significant in terms of parameter estimates.
A new dynamic permittivity expression is formulated to be used in the cavity analysis to determine the resonant frequency of an equilateral triangular microstrip patch. The proper sidelength ...extension expressions are given for low and high substrate permittivity cases. Better accuracy with respect to the moment method and other previous models is obtained for various structural parameters and operational modes. The proposed computation is also extended for the analysis of the two-layer structure in order to determine the air-gap tuning effect on the resonant frequency.
We investigate the limitations on the use of the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) slope-diffraction method for propagation past knife edges. The settled field that is diffracted past rows of ...buildings, as computed by numerical integration, has the characteristics of amplitude and phase variation with a scale length that is large compared to the wavelength and has small amplitude near the edges. Using this field, it is shown that the error in the UTD slope-diffraction method for diffraction past a final screen is connected with the Fresnel width, as compared to the scale length of the settled field.
We present the potential for discovering the standard model Higgs boson produced via the vector-boson fusion mechanism. We considered the decay of Higgs bosons to the W
+
W
-
final state, with both ...W-bosons subsequently decaying leptonically. The main background is tt̄ produced in association with one or more jets. This study is based on a full simulation of the CMS detector. The result is that a signal of 5σ significance can be obtained with an integrated luminosity of 12–72 fb
-1
for Higgs boson masses in the range 130<m
H
< 200 GeV. In addition, the major background can be measured directly to 7% from the data with an integrated luminosity of 30 fb
-1
. We also suggest a method to determine the Higgs mass using template transverse mass distributions.
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