Today's Internet has witnessed an increase in the popularity of mobile video streaming, which is expected to exceed 3/4 of the global mobile data traffic by 2019. To satisfy the considerable amount ...of mobile video requests, video service providers have been pushing their content delivery infrastructure to edge networks-from regional content delivery network (CDN) servers to peer CDN servers (e.g., smartrouters in users' homes)-to cache content and serve users with storage and network resources nearby. Among the edge network content caching paradigms, Wi-Fi access point caching and cellular base station caching have become two mainstream solutions. Thus, understanding the effectiveness and performance of these solutions for large-scale mobile video delivery is important. However, the characteristics and request patterns of mobile video streaming are unclear in practical wireless network. In this paper, we use real-world data sets containing 50 million trace items of nearly 2 million users viewing more than 0.3 million unique videos using mobile devices in a metropolis in China over two weeks, not only to understand the request patterns and user behaviors in mobile video streaming, but also to evaluate the effectiveness of Wi-Fi and cellular-based edge content caching solutions. To understand the performance of edge content caching for mobile video streaming, we first present temporal and spatial video request patterns, and we analyze their impacts on caching performance using frequency-domain and entropy analysis approaches. We then study the behaviors of mobile video users, including their mobility and geographical migration behaviors, which determine the request patterns. Using trace-driven experiments, we compare strategies for edge content caching, including least recently used (LRU) and least frequently used (LFU), in terms of supporting mobile video requests. We reveal that content, location, and mobility factors all affect edge content caching performance. Moreover, we design an efficient caching strategy based on the measurement insights and experimentally evaluate its performance. The results show that our design significantly improves the cache hit rate by up to 30% compared with LRU/LFU.
Abstract
At present, the effects of chronic ankle instability (CAI) on the biomechanics of the ankle joint in the three-step layup of basketball players are not clear. This work aims to thoroughly ...investigate the impact of CAI on the biomechanical characteristics of the ankle during the execution of a three-step layup in basketball players. Thirty male basketball players were stratified into distinct groups—namely, a CAI group and a non-CAI group—comprising 15 individuals each, based on the presence or absence of CAI. Demographic attributes, including age, weight, height, and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score, were subjected to rigorous statistical examination within both athlete cohorts. The research employed four Whistler 9281CA 3D force measuring platforms (Switzerland), recording at 1000 Hz, in conjunction with eight camera motion analysis systems (USA), functioning at a frequency of 200 Hz. The study recorded maximal plantarflexion angle, inversion angle, dorsiflexion angle, and peak ankle dorsiflexion moment across the subjects during the distinct phases of push-off, landing, and the ensuing landing period. The findings notably exhibited that within the context of the one-foot push-off phase, the maximum ankle inversion angle was notably diminished in the CAI group as contrasted with the non-CAI group, demonstrating statistical significance (t = − 3.006,
P
< 0.01). The CAI group exhibited a lesser alteration in ankle inversion angle compared to the non-CAI group. Notably, during the one-foot landing period, the CAI group demonstrated a significantly greater maximum ankle inversion angle in contrast to the non-CAI group (t = 8.802,
P
< 0.001). Furthermore, the CAI group displayed a substantially larger maximum dorsiflexion angle at the ankle joint compared to the non-CAI group (t = 2.265,
P
< 0.05). Additionally, the CAI group exhibited a prolonged peak time for ankle dorsiflexion moment as compared to the non-CAI group (t = − 2.428,
P
< 0.05). Collectively, the findings elucidated a reduction in the maximum ankle joint inversion angle during the one-foot push-off phase in individuals with CAI. Furthermore, increased maximum inversion angle and maximum dorsiflexion angle of the ankle joint were observed during the one-foot landing period, alongside a lengthening of the peak time of ankle dorsiflexion moment. These results contribute valuable insights into the selection of training methodologies for basketball players afflicted by CAI.
Neural stem cell (NSCs) transplantation has been one of the hot topics in the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is considered a promising nerve injury therapy after ...SCI. However, owing to a hostile hypoxia condition in SCI, there remains a challenging issue in implementing these tactics to repair SCI. In this report, we used adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2), a prototype AAV used in clinical trials for human neuron disorders, basic FGF (bFGF) gene under the regulation of hypoxia response element (HRE) was constructed and transduced into NSCs to yield AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs. Our results showed that its treatment yielded temporally increased expression of bFGF in SCI, and improved scores of functional recovery after SCI compared to vehicle control (AAV2-5HRE-NSCs) based on the analyses of the inclined plane test, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale and footprint analysis. Mechanistic studies showed that AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs treatment increased the expression of neuron-specific neuronal nuclei protein (NeuN), neuromodulin GAP43, and neurofilament protein NF200 while decreased the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as compared to the control group. Further, the expressions of autophagy-associated proteins LC3-II and Beclin 1 were decreased, whereas the expression of P62 protein was increased in AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs treatment group. Taken together, our data indicate that AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs treatment improved the recovery of SCI rats, which is accompanied by evidence of nerve regeneration, and inhibition of SCI-induced glial scar formation and cell autophagy. Thus, this study represents a step forward towards the potential use of AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs for future clinical trials of SCI repair.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of digital dental casts from plaster cast scanning (PCS), impression scanning (IPS), intraoral scanning (IOS), and cone-beam computed ...tomography (CBCT) scanning (CCS) methods. The maxillary and mandibular dental casts of 15 patients who needed CBCT scans for oral examination or treatment were digitized via four methods. 12 linear distance measurements of all digital dental casts were selected and acquired with software and compared to those of the reference plaster cast to evaluate the dimensional accuracy. Three-dimensional deviation analysis of the IPS, IOS and CCS groups with respect to the reference PCS group was performed to evaluate the morphological accuracy. The discrepancy in linear distances between the digital dental casts and reference plaster casts was statistically significant (p<0.01). The dimensional accuracies of the PCS (0.06+-0.12mm) and IPS (0.03+-0.05mm) casts were better than those of the IOS (0.37+-0.30mm) and CCS (0.54+-0.40mm) casts. The one-sample t test showed that there were statistically significant differences between the discrepancies in 8 of the linear distances for the PCS group and 9 of the linear distances for the IPS group between the digital dental casts and reference plaster casts, with an ideal error of 0.00 (p<0.05). The sequence of morphological accuracy from good to poor was maxillary and mandibular IPS, mandibular IOS; maxillary IOS; and maxillary and mandibular CCS. The accuracy of the digital dental casts from the PCS and IPS methods was greater than that of IOS and CCS methods. Although accuracy of the digital dental cast from IOS was low, it satisfied the clinical requirements for fixed restorations in small units. The accuracy of the digital dental cast from CCS was poorest and could only be used for procedures with lower accuracy requirements.
Solid tumors consist of various types of stromal cells in addition to cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor stroma and play an essential role in tumor ...progression and metastasis in a variety of malignancies, including gastric cancer. However, the effects of CAFs on gastric cancer cells' progression and metastasis are not well studied. Here we show that matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) in exosomes secreted from CAFs can be delivered into gastric cancer cells. Gastric CAFs promote gastric cancer cell migration partially through exosomal MMP11. Moreover, MMP11 is overexpressed in exosomes purified from plasma of gastric cancer patients and tumor tissues and associated with overall survival of gastric patients. We also find that MMP11 is negatively regulated by exosomal miR-139 in the CAFs of gastric cancer. Exosomal miR-139 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by decreasing the expression of MMP11
and
. Thus, we propose that exosomal miR-139 derived from gastric CAFs could inhibit the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer by decreasing MMP11 in tumor microenvironment.
Facile and effective detection of dopamine (DA) plays a significant role in current clinical applications. Substantially, special optical nanomaterials are important for fabricating easy-to-control, ...cheap, selective, and portable fluorescence DA sensors with superior performance. Herein, carbon dots (CDs) prepared from melting method were applied as signal to establish a simple but effective fluorescence strategy for DA determination based on the enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), which induces DA to form polydopamine (pDA). The formed pDA caused by the enzymatic oxidization of ACP toward DA can interact with CDs through the inner filter effect. Such behavior effectively quenched the CDs’ fluorescence. The degree of fluorescence quenching of CDs was positively correlated with the DA content. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the proposed fluorescence method exhibited a comparable analytical performance with other DA sensors with good selectivity. Furthermore, this method has been successfully applied to detect DA in DA hydrochloride injection and human serum samples. It shows that this method features potential practical application value and is expected to be used in clinical research.
Despite radiotherapy ability to significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, acquired resistance to radiotherapy poses a serious clinical ...challenge. Protein disulfide isomerase exists in endoplasmic reticulum and plays an important role in promoting protein folding and post-translational modification. However, little is known about the role of protein disulfide isomerase family member 4 (PDIA4) in TNBC, especially in the context of radiotherapy resistance.
We detected the presence of PDIA4 in TNBC tissues and paracancerous tissues, then examined the proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells with/without radiotherapy. As part of the validation process, xenograft tumor mouse model was used. Mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were used to identify PDIA4-mediated molecular signaling pathway.
Based on paired clinical specimens of TNBC patients, we found that PDIA4 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. In vitro, PDIA4 knockdown not only increased apoptosis of tumor cells with/without radiotherapy, but also decreased the ability of proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of PDIA4 induced the opposite effects on apoptosis and proliferation. According to Co-IP/MS results, PDIA4 prevented Tax1 binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) degradation by binding to TAX1BP1, which inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Moreover, PDIA4 knockdown suppressed tumor growth xenograft model in vivo, which was accompanied by an increase in apoptosis and promoted tumor growth inhibition after radiotherapy.
The results of this study indicate that PDIA4 is an oncoprotein that promotes TNBC progression, and targeted therapy may represent a new and effective anti-tumor strategy, especially for patients with radiotherapy resistance.
ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of TiRobot-assisted and C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) via pedicle of vertebra in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral ...compression fracture (OVCF) of thoracic vertebrae. MethodsThe clinical data of 85 patients with OVCF of thoracic vertebrae who were admitted between January 2020 and March 2023 and met the selection criteria was retrospectively analyzed including 40 patients (50 vertebrae) undergoing PKP assisted by TiRobot (group A) and 45 patients (50 vertebrae) undergoing PKP assisted by C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy (group B). There was no significant difference in the comparison of baseline data such as gender, age, body mass index, bone mineral density T-value, fracture segment, trauma history, and preoperative numerical rating scale (NRS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Cobb angle of injured vertebra between the two groups ( P>0.05). The effectiveness evaluation indexes of the two groups, including the operation time, the v
In the present work, we report a convenient method for preparing non-stoichiometric cobalt sulfide with one-pot solvothermal method. Different Co
x
S
y
nanomaterials are synthesized for ...supercapacitor application. This experiment explores the influence of ethanol and
N
,
N
-dimethylformamide (DMF) on the microstructure and properties of Co
x
S
y
. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) measurements demonstrated that Co
x
S
y
(ethanol) and Co
x
S
y
(DMF) have different structures and morphologies. Electrochemical supercapacitor performance of Co
x
S
y
(ethanol) and Co
x
S
y
(DMF) is characterized via cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. These results show that Co
x
S
y
(DMF) has better electrochemical performance than Co
x
S
y
(ethanol), and its capacitance can reach 347.4 F/g at the current density of 0.5 A/g. Moreover, Co
x
S
y
(DMF) also delivers a better cycling stability of about 70.8% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at a current density of 4 A/g. In addition, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor of Co
x
S
y
(DMF)//active carbon shows an excellent energy density of 66.4 Wh/kg at a power density of 483.1 W/kg. These results indicate that Co
x
S
y
(DMF) has a good application prospect in the field of supercapacitor.
Ethane, the second major component of shale gas, is a prospective raw feedstock to valuable chemicals and fuels. Innovative pillared ZSM-5 with various lamellar thicknesses and Si/Al ratios were ...successfully synthesized with the dual-template method; 0.67 wt % Mo were dispersed over these lamellar ZSM-5, and evaluated for ethane dehydroaromatization. The influence of zeolite morphology and the texture property for the reduction/acidity nature of MoO x species were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2-sorption, H2-temperature programmed reduction/oxidation, and NH3-temperature-programmed desorption. The high concentration of acidic sites not only increases ethane conversion and aromatic selectivity, but intensely induces surface coking. Therefore, a moderate Si/Al ratio is utilized to balance catalytic reactivity and stability. Thicker zeolite layers with a long diffusion path exhibited fair ethane conversion, but high aromatization yield. It is of significant importance that the lamellar Mo/MFI catalyst, with Si/Al = 50 and 210 nm layer thickness, demonstrated excellent regenerability during a multicycle reaction/oxidation operation, which could be a promising system for industrial optimization and process deployment.
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