Channel bifurcations are common features observed in fluvial landforms from upstream gravel‐bed rivers to downstream deltas. Extensive research has been carried out to study the stability and ...equilibrium configurations of bifurcations in the last two decades. However, existing studies generally employed oversimplified flow resistance equations, and the influence of the development of bedforms on the stability of bifurcations is rarely explicitly considered. The morphological features of bedforms in sand‐bed rivers vary with flow conditions, which in turn affect flow resistance and sediment transport processes. Such a mutual feedback process is expected to exert a significant influence on the evolution of a bifurcation. A theoretical one‐dimensional (1D) model is built, based on the classical model proposed by Bolla Pittaluga et al. in 2003, to evaluate the influence of the development of dunes on the stability of bifurcations. Results show that the development of dunes enhances the stability of symmetric bifurcations for low Shields stress conditions, whereas it exhibits an opposite effect under the situation of high Shields stress. The response of flow resistance to the perturbations of the Shields stress dominates over the response to the perturbations of the flow depth. In addition, based on the two‐dimensional (2D) model proposed by Redolfi et al. in 2016, this study compared the results of the 1D and 2D models taking into account the development of dunes, and evident differences between the models present at small Shields stresses. Meanwhile, 2D models with or without considering the influence of dunes exhibit different results as well. The results of this study demonstrate that considering the development of dunes is of significance when analysing the stability of bifurcations in sand‐bed rivers.
Key findings: The development of dunes increases the range of stable symmetric solutions at relatively small Shields stress.The response of flow resistance to the perturbation of the Shields stress dominates over that introduced by the perturbation of the flow depth.Resonant aspect ratios obtained by 2D models with or without considering the development of dunes exhibit significant differences under small Shields stress conditions.
With the continuous development of modern information technology, the combination of intelligent audio processing technology and vocal music teaching has gradually become a research hot spot. In this ...paper, we first build a vocal music teaching system based on music emotion and instrument recognition, optimize the support vector machine using the PSO algorithm, construct the music emotion recognition and instrument recognition method based on SVM, and control and optimize the vocal music teaching system through multi-objective proportional integral differentiation algorithm. Through the comparison experiments of different models of music emotion recognition and musical instrument recognition, the performance of music emotion recognition and musical instrument recognition of this paper’s model is explored. Then, the application effect analysis of the vocal music teaching system is carried out. The results show that the SVM model optimized by PSO has a more satisfactory effect on music emotion recognition, with a recognition accuracy 16.67% higher than the comparison model and an average adaptability of 70%–90%. In addition, this model has a higher instrument recognition rate of 18.17% and 7.45% compared to the other two models. After using the vocal teaching system, 63.04% of the students thought that it could promote learning, 47.83% of the student’s classroom interest increased, and more than 70% of the students were more satisfied with its functions. In this paper, the vocal teaching system can be applied to college vocal teaching to promote the improvement of the vocal teaching effect.
Human hair and street dust from rural and urban areas in Chongqing were collected to analyze Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalate esters (PAEs). Concentrations of OPEs in urban hair were ...significantly higher than those in rural hair, whereas PAEs concentrations in rural hair were significantly higher than those in urban hair. Different composition patterns of OPEs were observed in rural and urban hair, where tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tris (butyl) phosphate (TNBP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) were the dominating analogues in rural hair, accounting for 62.1% of the OPEs burden, and tris (methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP) exhibited a high contribution in urban hair, responsible for 51.3% of total OPEs, which differed from the composition profiles in corresponding street dust. Analogous composition patterns of PAEs were found in hair of both areas. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DNBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were the most abundant analogues in hair samples, while DEHP was the predominant analogue in dust samples. No clear tendency was obtained between the increasing ages and the concentrations of both compounds. Most OPEs and PAEs congeners showed significantly positive correlation with one another in rural hair. On the contrary, different correlation patterns were observed in urban hair for OPEs and PAEs, indicating multiple or additional sources existed in urban areas. Significant correlations of OPEs and PAEs were found between hair and corresponding street dust samples, but poor correlations of OPEs and PAEs were observed between rural hair and rural indoor dust, suggesting that street dust may be a predominant exogenous source for human exposure to OPEs and PAEs in this area.
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•PAEs in rural street dust was approximately 10 times higher than rural indoor dust.•Composition profiles of OPEs and PAEs in hair differed from corresponding dust.•No clear tendency of OPEs and PAEs along with ages was obtained.•Street dust may be the major exogenous contributor for residents exposure to OPEs and PAEs.
Different congeners patterns of OPEs and PAEs were demonstrated between hair and corresponding dust in rural and urban areas. Correlations and potential sources of OPEs and PAEs in human hair were demonstrated.
Using the cytomembranes (FMs) of hybrid cells acquired from the fusion of cancer and dendritic cells (DCs), this study offers a biologically derived platform for the combination of immunotherapy and ...traditional oncotherapy approaches. Due to the immunoactivation implicated in the cellular fusion, FMs can effectively express whole cancer antigens and immunological co‐stimulatory molecules for robust immunotherapy. FMs share the tumor's self‐targeting character with the parent cancer cells. In bilateral tumor‐bearing mouse models, the FM‐coated nanophotosensitizer causes durable immunoresponse to inhibit the rebound of primary tumors post‐nanophotosensitizer‐induced photodynamic therapy (PDT). The FM‐induced immunotherapy displays ultrahigh antitumor effects even comparable to that of PDT. On the other hand, PDT toward primary tumors enhances the immunotherapy‐caused regression of the irradiation‐free distant tumors. Consequently, both the primary and the distant tumors are almost completely eliminated. This tumor‐specific immunotherapy‐based nanoplatform is potentially expandable to multiple tumor types and readily equipped with diverse functions owing to the flexible nanoparticle options.
Using the cytomembranes of fused cells derived from tumor and dendritic cells, a tumor‐specific immunotherapeutic platform is engineered, which is capable of easy cooperation with other therapy means. The hybrid‐cytomembrane‐coated nanophotosensitizer demonstrates durable immunotherapy against primary tumors post‐photodynamic‐therapy (PDT) and PDT‐enhanced immunity toward irradiation‐free distant tumors.
The spread of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 for short) has caused a large number of deaths around the world. We summarized the data reported in the past few months and emphasized that the ...main causes of death of COVID-19 patients are DAD (Diffuse Alveolar Damage) and DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation). Microthrombosis is a prominent clinical feature of COVID-19, and 91.3% of dead patients had microthrombosis.Endothelial damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 cell invasion and subsequent host response disorders involving inflammation and coagulation pathways play a key role in the progression of severe COVID-19. Microvascular thrombosis may lead to microcirculation disorders and multiple organ failure lead to death.The characteristic pathological changes of DAD include alveolar epithelial and vascular endothelial injury, increased alveolar membrane permeability, large numbers of neutrophil infiltration, alveolar hyaline membrane formation, and hypoxemia and respiratory distress as the main clinical manifestations. DAD leads to ARDS in COVID-19 patients. DIC is a syndrome characterized by the activation of systemic intravascular coagulation, which leads to extensive fibrin deposition in the blood. Its occurrence and development begin with the expression of tissue factor and interact with physiological anticoagulation pathways. The down-regulation of fibrin and the impaired fibrinolysis together lead to extensive fibrin deposition.DIC is described as a decrease in the number of platelets and an increase in fibrin degradation products, such as D-dimer and low fibrinogen. The formation of microthrombus leads to the disturbance of microcirculation, which in turn leads to the death of the patient. However, the best prevention and treatment of COVID-19 microthrombosis is still uncertain.This review discusses the latest findings of basic and clinical research on COVID-19-related microthrombosis, and then we proposed the theory of microcirculation perfusion bundle therapy to explore effective methods for preventing and treating COVID-19-related microthrombosis. Further research is urgently needed to clarify how SARS-CoV-2 infection causes thrombotic complications, and how it affects the course and severity of the disease. To cultivate a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism of this disease. Raise awareness of the importance of preventing and treating microthrombosis in patients with COVID-19.
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn extensive research attention as a promising approach for tumor treatment. In this study, a bacteria‐assisted strategy relying on the selective reduction of ...perylene diimide derivative based supramolecular complex (CPPDI) to radical anions (RAs) by Escherichia coli in hypoxic tumors is developed to realize highly precise PTT of tumors. Noninvasive E. coli are first injected intravenously for selectively accumulating and replicating in the tumor due to the hypoxia tropism. Then, CPPDI is loaded in a peptide‐hybrid matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) responsive liposome (MRL) and injected intravenously. After accumulated and released from MRL in the tumor where MMP‐2 is overexpressed, CPPDI is reduced by E. coli in the hypoxic tumor environment to produce CPPDI RAs (CRAs), which serve as effective photothermal agents for tumor cells thermal ablation under near‐infrared light irradiation. Since E. coli accumulate and grow in tumor sites selectively, this strategy accurately limits the production of CRAs in tumors for highly selective PTT, which will find great potential for precise tumor inhibition.
A bacteria‐assisted photothermal therapy is reported, to realize highly precise tumor treatment. The therapy relies on the selective reduction of perylene diimide derivative based supramolecular complex to radical anions by Escherichia coli in hypoxic tumors.
The light-sensitive albino tea plant can produce pale-yellow shoots with high levels of amino acids which are suitable to process high-quality tea. In order to understand the mechanism of the albino ...phenotype formation, the changes in the physio-chemical characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, chlorophyll-binding proteins, and the relevant gene expression were comprehensively investigated in the leaves of the light-sensitive albino cultivar 'Huangjinya' ('HJY') during short-term shading treatment. In the content of photosynthetic pigments, the ultrastructure of the chloroplast, and parameters of the photosynthesis in the leaves of 'HJY' could be gradually normalized along with the extension of the shading time, resulting in the leaf color transformed from pale yellow to green. BN-PAGE and SDS-PAGE revealed that function restoration of the photosynthetic apparatus was attributed to the proper formation of the pigment-protein complexes on the thylakoid membrane that benefited from the increased levels of the LHCII subunits in the shaded leaves of 'HJY', indicating the low level of LHCII subunits, especially the lack of the Lhcb1 might be responsible for the albino phenotype of the 'HJY' under natural light condition. The deficiency of the Lhcb1 was mainly subject to the strongly suppressed expression of the
which might be modulated by the chloroplast retrograde signaling pathway GUN1 (GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1)-PTM (PHD type transcription factor with transmembrane domains)-ABI4 (ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4).
Authoritarian regimes rely on fiscal resources to build patronage networks. And so it is with China. Budget making is usually dominated by government leaders. However, some local governments in ...recent years have invited ordinary people to review budgets and even to determine parts of budgets. Why would local leaders make themselves accountable to their constituencies in an authoritarian setting? Why would local governments in China tie their own hands? Using detailed description of a township government, this article argues that fiscal affluence based on land is an important factor for local governments in launching fiscal reform. Richer areas have become more fiscally accountable by opening up new discussion and encouraging citizen participation.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of noncoding RNA (ncRNA), are covalently linked circular configurations that form via a loop structure. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs are ...potential biomarkers and key regulators of tumor development and progression. However, the precise roles of circRNAs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unknown.
Through circRNA high-throughput sequencing of RCC cell lines, we identified the circRNA TLK1 (circTLK1) as a novel candidate circRNA derived from the TLK1 gene. qRT-PCR detected the mRNA, circRNA and miRNA expression levels in RCC tissues and cells. Loss-of function experiments were executed to detect the biological roles of circTLK1 in the RCC cell phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. RNA-FISH, RNA pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of circTLK1.
circTLK1 is overexpressed in RCC, and expression is positively correlated with distant metastasis and unfavorable prognosis. Silencing circTLK1 significantly inhibited RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. circTLK1 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and positively regulated CBX4 expression by sponging miR-136-5p. Forced CBX4 expression reversed the circTLK1 suppression-induced phenotypic inhibition of RCC cells. Moreover, CBX4 expression was positively correlated with VEGFA expression in RCC tissues. CBX4 knockdown significantly inhibited VEGFA expression in RCC cells.
Collectively, our findings demonstrate that circTLK1 plays a critical role in RCC progression by sponging miR-136-5p to increase CBX4 expression. circTLK1 may act as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for RCC.
Chiral pesticides comprise a new and important class of environmental pollutants nowadays. With the development of industry, more and more chiral pesticides will be introduced into the market. But ...their enantioselective ecotoxicology is not clear. Currently used synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, acylanilides, phenoxypropanoic acids and imidazolinones often behave enantioselectively in agriculture use and they always pose unpredictable enantioselective ecological risks on non-target organisms or human. It is necessary to explore the enantioselective toxicology and ecological fate of these chiral pesticides in environmental risk assessment. The enantioselective toxicology and the fate of these currently widely used pesticides have been discussed in this review article.
Chiral pesticides could pose unpredictable enantioselective toxicity on non-target organisms.
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