Urea breath test (UBT), as a leading preferred non-invasive diagnostic technology, but may not be able to detect oral H. pylori. With negative results of UBT, the patient may have an oral infection. ...On the basis of the fact of success, eradication rate may increase by 21% in the 95% Cl range after the elimination of oral H. pylori, the author believes oral H. pylori does exist and the oral cavity is the second colonized site aside its primary site of the stomach. H. pylori migrated out of Africa along with its human host circa 60 000 years ago; they are not lives in stomach only. In this review article, evidence established in recent years studies with use more appropriate technology had been listed and discussed. The author considers the oral cavity is a black hole for H. pylori infection that significant effective on gastroenterology and another medical field. The role of the oral cavity as the source of H. pylori infection is so controvert in past years. It seems like a human being having a second-time face to discover H. pylori in the history.
To identify the critical issues that affect the evolution of microstructure during additive manufacturing, we investigated the influence of process parameters on the evolution of the dimensional and ...surface quality, microstructure, internal defects, and mechanical properties in 316L stainless steel (SS) components fabricated using laser engineered net shaping (LENS®), a directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing (AM) technique. The results show that the accumulation of un-melted powder particles on the side walls of deposited sections can be avoided by selecting a laser under-focused condition. Moreover, we report that the variation of melt pool width is more sensitive to laser power than to the depth of the melt pool. The formation of a so-called “hierarchical” microstructure with cellular morphology is attributable to a combination of layer deposition and rapid solidification, which are characteristics of AM. Finally, we discuss microstructure evolution and defect formation, particularly the formation of multiple interfaces and the presence of un-melted powder particles and pores, in light of the dynamic convective fluid flow and rapid solidification that occur in the melt pool. X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) was used to precisely map the spatial distribution of pores in the DED components. The evolution of microstructure during DED is discussed in the context of related thermal phenomena in an effort to provide fundamental insight into the mechanisms that govern defect formation.
FDA and EMA approval of panobinostat offers an additional therapeutic option for multiple myeloma; however, adoption of panobinostat has been limited by its adverse event profile. Trials are ongoing ...to optimize the dosing of panobinostat and to identify its best partners, in order to fully realize the potential of this drug class.
Sensory selection and movement locally and globally modulate neural responses in seemingly similar ways. For example, locomotion enhances visual responses in mouse primary visual cortex (V1), ...resembling the effects of spatial attention on primate visual cortical activity. However, interactions between these local and global mechanisms and the resulting effects on perceptual behavior remain largely unknown. Here, we describe a novel mouse visual spatial selection task in which animals either monitor one of two locations for a contrast change (“selective mice”) or monitor both (“non-selective mice”) and can run at will. Selective mice perform well only when their selected stimulus changes, giving rise to local electrophysiological changes in the corresponding hemisphere of V1 including decreased noise correlations and increased visual information. Non-selective mice perform well when either stimulus changes, giving rise to global changes across both hemispheres of V1. During locomotion, selective mice have worse behavioral performance, increased noise correlations in V1, and decreased visual information, while non-selective mice have decreased noise correlations in V1 but no change in performance or visual information. Our findings demonstrate that mice can locally or globally enhance visual information, but the interaction of the global effect of locomotion with local selection impairs behavioral performance. Moving forward, this mouse model will facilitate future studies of local and global sensory modulatory mechanisms and their effects on behavior.
•Mice were trained in a spatially selective or non-selective visual task•Selective mice locally modulate V1, while non-selective mice globally modulate V1•Locomotion’s effect on behavior and neural activity depends on behavioral context•Locomotion impairs behavior and visual information in local, but not global mice
The effects of locomotion on mouse visual cortical activity are often compared to those of primate spatial attention. Here, McBride et al. show that behavioral and neural effects of locomotion differ depending on the trained visual task. Locally selective mice are impaired by global locomotion effects, while non-selective mice are unaffected.
As central nodes in cardiomyocyte signaling, nuclear AKT appears to play a cardio-protective role in cardiovascular disease. Here we describe a circular RNA, circ-Amotl1 that is highly expressed in ...neonatal human cardiac tissue, and potentiates AKT-enhanced cardiomyocyte survival. We hypothesize that circ-Amotl1 binds to PDK1 and AKT1, leading to AKT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. In primary cardiomyocytes, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, we found that forced circ-Amotl1 expression increased the nuclear fraction of pAKT. We further detected increased nuclear pAKT in circ-Amotl1-treated hearts. In vivo, circ-Amotl1 expression was also found to be protective against Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiomyopathy. Putative PDK1- and AKT1-binding sites were then identified
. Blocking oligonucleotides could reverse the effects of exogenous circ-Amotl1. We conclude that circ-Amotl1 physically binds to both PDK1 and AKT1, facilitating the cardio-protective nuclear translocation of pAKT.
We present microlensing events in the 2015 Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) data and our procedure for identifying these events. In particular, candidates were detected with a novel ..."completed-event" microlensing event-finder algorithm. The algorithm works by making linear fits to a grid of point-lens microlensing models. This approach is rendered computationally efficient by restricting u0 to just two values (0 and 1), which we show is quite adequate. The implementation presented here is specifically tailored to the commission-year character of the 2015 data, but the algorithm is quite general and has already been applied to a completely different (non-KMTNet) data set. We outline expected improvements for 2016 and future KMTNet data. The light curves of the 660 "clear microlensing" and 182 "possible microlensing" events that were found in 2015 are presented along with our policy for their public release.
It has been reported that the miR-106b∼25 cluster, a paralog of the miR-17∼92 cluster, possesses oncogenic activities. However, the precise role of each microRNA (miRNA) in the miR-106b∼25 cluster is ...not yet known. In this study, we examined the function of miR-93, one of the microRNAs within the miR-106b∼25 cluster, in angiogenesis and tumor formation. We found that miR-93 enhanced cell survival, promoted sphere formation and augmented tumor growth. Most strikingly, when miR-93-overexpressing U87 cells were co-cultured with endothelial cells, they supported endothelial cell spreading, growth, migration and tube formation. In vivo studies revealed that miR-93-expressing cells induced blood vessel formation, allowing blood vessels to extend to tumor tissues in high densities. Angiogenesis promoted by miR-93 in return facilitated cell survival, resulting in enhanced tumor growth. We further showed that integrin-β8 is a target of miR-93. Higher levels of integrin-β8 are associated with cell death in tumor mass and in human glioblastoma. Silencing of integrin-β8 expression using small interfering RNA promoted cell proliferation, whereas ectopic expression of integrin-β8 decreased cell growth. These findings showed that miR-93 promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis by suppressing, at least in part, integrin-β8 expression. Our results suggest that inhibition of miR-93 function may be a feasible approach to suppress angiogenesis and tumor growth.
Introduction La canagliflozine (CANA), un nouvel inhibiteur du co-transporteur sodium-glucose de type 2 a été développé pour le traitement du diabète de type 2 (DT2). Matériels et méthodes Dans cette ...étude de phase 3, randomisée, en double aveugle, contrôlée versus placebo (Schernthaner G, et al. Diabetes Care. 2013 36 (9) : 2 508-2 515), des patients avec un DT2 mal contrôlé sous metformine (MET) et sulfamide (SU) (N = 755 ; âge : 56,7 ans ; HbA1C : 8,1 % ; IMC : 31,6 kg/m2 ) ont reçu 300 mg de CANA ou 100 mg de sitagliptine (SITA) une fois par jour. Résultats À 52 semaines, CANA 300 mg a montré à la fois une non-infériorité et une supériorité vs. SITA 100mg en abaissant l’HbA1C (− 1,03 % vs. − 0,66%, respectivement). CANA a réduit le poids de manière significative, et a amélioré la glycémie à jeun et la pression artérielle systolique vs. SITA (p < 0,001 pour tous les paramètres). En outre, CANA a montré une amélioration du HDL cholestérol et une légère augmentation du LDL cholestérol. L’incidence globale des évènements indésirables (EIs) était comparable entre CANA (76,7 %) et SITA (77,5 %). Les taux d’EIs graves (6,4 % vs. 5,6 %) et des interruptions de traitements liés à des EIs (5,3 % vs. 2,9 %) étaient comparables entre CANA et SITA. Les incidences des EIs compatibles avec des mycoses génitales étaient plus élevées sous CANA vs. SITA chez les femmes (15,3 % vs. 4,3 %) et chez les hommes (9,2 % vs. 0,5 %). Les incidences des infections urinaires (4,0 % vs. 5,6 %) et des EIs liés à la diurèse osmotique (ex. pollakiurie ; < 2 % par EI spécifique) et le pourcentage de patients avec ≥ 1 hypoglycémie (43,2 % vs. 40,7 %) étaient comparables entre les groupes CANA et SITA. Conclusion CANA a montré des améliorations du contrôle glycémique et a permis de réduire le poids et la pression artérielle systolique comparativement à SITA. CANA a été bien tolérée.
Heterogeneity is a hallmark feature of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates. Following infection, naive T cells differentiate into various subsets of effector and memory T cells, which help to ...eliminate pathogens and maintain long-term immunity. The current model suggests there is a single lineage of naive T cells that give rise to different populations of effector and memory T cells depending on the type and amounts of stimulation they encounter during infection. Here, we have discovered that multiple sub-populations of cells exist in the naive CD8+ T cell pool that are distinguished by their developmental origin, unique transcriptional profiles, distinct chromatin landscapes, and different kinetics and phenotypes after microbial challenge. These data demonstrate that the naive CD8+ T cell pool is not as homogeneous as previously thought and offers a new framework for explaining the remarkable heterogeneity in the effector and memory T cell subsets that arise after infection.
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•Fate mapping reveals developmental layers in the CD8+ T cell response to infection•The fetal layer of CD8+ T cells exhibits rapid and innate-like functions in adults•The adult layer of CD8+ T cells preferentially gives rise to long-lived memory cells•CD8+ T cells with different developmental origins possess distinct regulomes
The discovery of multiple sub-populations of naive T cells, distinguished by their developmental origin and molecular profiles prior to microbial challenge, explains the heterogeneity observed in memory and effector pools.
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