Auxin signalling is vital for plant growth and development, from embryogenesis to senescence. Recent studies have shown that auxin regulates biological processes by mediating gene expression through ...a family of functionally original DNA-binding auxin response factors, which exist in a large multi-gene family in plants. However, to date, no information has been available about characteristics of the ARF gene family in Brassica juncea var. tumida. In this study, 65 B. juncea genes that encode ARF proteins were identified in the B. juncea whole-genome, classified into three phylogenetical groups and found to be widely and randomly distributed in the A-and B-genome. Highly conserved proteins were also found within each ortholog based on gene structure and conserved motifs, as well as clustering level. Furthermore, promoter cis-element analysis of BjARFs demonstrated that these genes affect the levels of plant hormones, such as auxin, salicylic, gibberellin acid, MeJA, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Expression analysis showed that differentially expressed BjARF genes were detected during the seedling stage, tumor stem development and the flowering period of B. juncea. Interestingly, we found that BjARF2b_A, BjARF3b_A, BjARF6b_A, and BjARF17a_B were significantly expressed in tumor stem, and an exogenous auxin assay indicated that these genes were sensitive to auxin and IAA signaling. Moreover, eight of the nine BjARF10/16/17 genes and all of the BjARF6/8 genes were involved in post-transcriptional regulation, targeted by Bj-miR160 and Bj-miR167c, respectively. This analysis provides deeper insight of diversification for ARFs and will facilitate further dissection of ARF gene function in B. juncea.
HPV is detected in up to 47% of CIN and up to 70% of cervical cancers. It can cause intraepithelial neoplasia, which can eventually progress to invasive carcinoma. Almost all cervical cancers are ...caused by HPV. Therefore, it is especially important to treat high-risk HPV. For patients who have undergone LEEP surgery, this procedure can effectively treat CIN. However, it has not been studied in a meta-analysis whether HPV remains after the surgery and whether residual HPV increases the recurrence risk of CIN. To address this gap, our study collected all relevant literature to investigate the residual rate of HPV and its potential influence on the recurrence rate of CIN. We aim to provide valuable recommendations for clinicians and patients.
The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases were searched from the establishment of the database until October 2023. Stata 12.0 software was used for the statistical analysis.
Twelve studies were included, with a total sample size of 1192 cases. The meta-analysis found that the recurrence rate of CIN was quite low 95% CI = 0.5% (0.001, 0.012); P = 0.006 when the margins were negative after LEEP and there was no residual HPV. When HPV was present, the recurrence rate of CIN was significantly higher 95% CI = 18% (0.089, 0.291), P = 0.000, even if the margins were negative. The recurrence rate of CIN with residual HPV was 3.6 times higher than the recurrence rate of CIN without residual HPV. The residual rate of HPV after LEEP with negative margins was 22.7% 95% CI (0.167, 0.294), P = 0.000, which remained relatively high.
This meta-analysis found that the recurrence rate of CIN without residual HPV and with negative margins after LEEP was quite low, at 0.5%. However, when HPV was residual, the recurrence rate of CIN significantly increased to 18%, even if the margins were negative. The residual rate of HPV was 22.7%, even when the margins were negative after LEEP.
For transcriptome analysis, it is critical to precisely define all the transcripts across the whole genome. More and more digital gene expression （DGE） scannings have indicated the presence of huge ...amount of novel transcripts in addition to the known gene models. However, almost all these studies still depend crucially on existing annotation. Here, we present Gene2DGE, a Perl software package for gene model renewal with DGE data. We applied Gene2DGE to the mouse blastomere transcriptome, and defined 98,532 read-enriched regions （RERs） by read clustering supported by more than four reads for each base pair. Taking advantage of this ab initio method, we refined 2,104 exonic regions （4% of a total of 48,501 annotated transcribed regions） with remarkable extension into un-annotated regions （〉50 bp）. For 5% of uniquely mapped reads falling within intron regions, we identified 13,291 additional possible exons. As a result, we renewed 4,788 gene models, which account for 39% of a total of 12,277 transcribed genes. Furthermore, we identified 12,613 intergenic RERs, suggesting the possible presence of novel genes outside the existing gene models. In this study, therefore, we have developed a suitable tool for renewal of known gene models by ab initio prediction in transcriptome dissection. The Gene2DGE package is freely available at http：//bighapmap.big.ac.cn/.
Precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a rare type of malignant lymphoma, with clinical manifestations including diaphragmatic lymph node enlargement, accompanied by local oppression ...and/or systemic lymphoma symptoms. However, extensive involvement of the mediastinum, pleura and pericardium is rare in T-LBL cases. This is the case report of a T-LBL extensively involving the mediastinum, pleura and pericardium in a 54-year-old woman. The patient complained of anhelation, chest tightness and tiredness for ~3 months. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed a diffuse mass of soft tissue density involving the mediastinum, pleura and pericardium. Several thoracocenteses indicated inflammatory changes and cytological examination of the pleural fluid and pleural biopsy under CT guidance identified no heterotypic cells. As 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging revealed a diffused moderate FDG uptake (maximum standard uptake value of 4) by the mediastinum, pleura and cardiac sac, we diagnosed a malignant lymphoma. We subsequently successfully performed needle biopsy under PET/CT guidance according to the PET/CT images and the diagnosis of T-LBL was pathologically confirmed.
The effects of microwave (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 W/g) and explosion puffing combination drying (MDx-EPD) on cell wall polysaccharides modification was investigated, and the influences of these ...modification on the physical and physicochemical properties of pitaya fruit chips were analyzed. Compared with conventional hot air-explosion puffing drying, MDx-EPD significantly increased volume expansion, and yielded products with superior porous microstructure and crispier texture. The MDx-EPD dried chips showed faster rehydration rates, as well as decreasing Tg (14.01–15.33 °C). The anhydrouronic acid contents of the water extractable polysaccharide fractions of the MDx-EPD dried chips were increased by 8–16%, and this, together with the increase in the amount of pectic neutral sugars for the same fractions, were indicative of cell wall polysaccharides solubilization, which could contribute to the improvement of rehydration properties. Data from molar mass distribution suggested the occurrence of cell wall polysaccharide degradation, which could be partially responsible for the decreasing Tg. In conclusion, the relationship between the modification in composition, structure and extractability of cell wall polysaccharides and the alteration in volume expansion, microstructure, Tg and rehydration behaviors confirmed that cell wall polysaccharide played a significant role in the physicochemical and physical properties of pitaya fruit chips.
•Microwave-explosion puffing resulted in superior microstructure and texture.•Cell wall polysaccharides played a significant role in texture of pitaya chips.•Decreasing intercellular adhesion strength enhanced volume expansion.•Increasing cell wall polysaccharides hydrophilicity improved rehydration property.•Cell wall polysaccharides depolymerization contributed to a decreasing Tg.
•Dealloying, which was initially studied as an electrochemical phenomenon associated with alloy corrosion, has recently been developed as a robust and generic method for fabricating functional ...nanoporous materials.•A multitude of dealloying methods have been developed, allowing the fabrication of a vast library of nanoporous materials with a wide variety of materials chemistry for functional applications.•Dealloyed 3D nanoporous materials have remarkable properties due to their unique 3D bicontinuous nanoporous structure, making them advanced nanomaterials with enormous potential for electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications.
Dealloying, which is traditionally originated in the research of alloy corrosion, has recently been developed as a robust and generic method for fabricating functional 3D nanoporous materials. Endorsed by the unique 3D bicontinuous porous structure, they exhibit remarkable properties such as large surface area, high conductivity, efficient mass transport, and high catalytic activity, which render them as advanced nanomaterials with enormous potential for a variety of applications. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of dealloying and dealloyed nanoporous materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Beginning with an overview of the modern understanding of dealloying mechanisms, the unique structural and physical properties of dealloyed nanoporous materials are introduced. Then, we discuss the established dealloying techniques and how they enable the versatile fabrication of a diverse variety of nanoporous materials, ranging from unary metals and alloys to the latest high-entropy alloys and two-dimensional materials. Following that, the electrochemical applications of dealloyed nanoporous materials for fuel cells, supercapacitors, metal-ion batteries, alkali metal batteries, non-aqueous metal-oxygen batteries, electrochemical CO2 reduction, and electrocatalytic N2 reduction are highlighted. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges in this field and offer perspectives on potential directions for future research.
This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in the development of dealloying and dealloyed nanoporous materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Display omitted
Design and fabrication of highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts remain key challenges in green energy technologies such as low-temperature direct liquid fuel cells. Based on in-depth ...theoretical calculations, here we demonstrate that surface Pd atoms with high coordination numbers (HCNs) can effectively modulate their adsorption energies for CO and OH, and thus achieve very high performance for formic acid electro-oxidation reaction (FAOR). Based on epitaxial coating Pd atomic layers onto nanoporous gold (NPG) thin membranes and a slight further decoration of Au clusters on top, the resulted core-shell structured NPG-Pd-Au electrocatalyst can demonstrate Pd intrinsic and mass activities of 8.62 mA·cm
−2
and 27.25 A·mg
−1
respectively at the peak potential around 0.33 V versus saturated calomel electrode toward FAOR, which are far better than those of commercial Pd/C catalysts (1.09 mA·cm
−2
and 0.32 A·mg
−1
) tested under the same conditions. Moreover, the membrane electrode assemblies based on these low precious metal loading electrodes can achieve an anode Pd power efficiency over 10 W·mg
−1
in a direct formic acid fuel cell, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the commercial Pd/C. These results provide new inspirations for the development of revolutionary electrodes for energy technologies in a rational manner.
Polymyxins remain the last line treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. As polymyxins resistance emerges, there is an urgent need to develop effective antimicrobial agents capable of ...mitigating MDR. Here, we report biodegradable guanidinium-functionalized polycarbonates with a distinctive mechanism that does not induce drug resistance. Unlike conventional antibiotics, repeated use of the polymers does not lead to drug resistance. Transcriptomic analysis of bacteria further supports development of resistance to antibiotics but not to the macromolecules after 30 treatments. Importantly, high in vivo treatment efficacy of the macromolecules is achieved in MDR A. baumannii-, E. coli-, K. pneumoniae-, methicillin-resistant S. aureus-, cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial peritonitis, and P. aeruginosa lung infection mouse models while remaining non-toxic (e.g., therapeutic index-ED
/LD
: 1473 for A. baumannii infection). These biodegradable synthetic macromolecules have been demonstrated to have broad spectrum in vivo antimicrobial activity, and have excellent potential as systemic antimicrobials against MDR infections.
Sepsis is a severe and complicated syndrome that is characterized by dysregulation of host inflammatory responses and organ failure, with high morbidity and mortality. The literature implies that ...autophagy is a crucial regulator of inflammation in sepsis. In this article, we report that autophagy-related protein 7 (Atg7) is involved in inflammasome activation in
abdominal infection. Following i.p. challenge with
,
mice showed impaired pathogen clearance, decreased survival, and widespread dissemination of bacteria into the blood and lung tissue compared with wild-type mice. The septic
mice also exhibited elevated neutrophil infiltration and severe lung injury. Loss of Atg7 resulted in increased production of IL-1β and pyroptosis, consistent with enhanced inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that
flagellin is a chief trigger of inflammasome activation in the sepsis model. Collectively, our results provide insight into innate immunity and inflammasome activation in sepsis.
To investigate the occurrence of antibiotics in urban rivers and their association with antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, 20 (fluoro)quinolone antibiotics (FQs), 16 tetracycline antibiotics ...(TCs) and their degradation products, and 25 sulfonamides (SAs) and some degradation products were determined in 45 river samples and 13 discharged wastewater samples collected from Wenyu River and its tributaries and 4 composite effluent samples from sewage treatment plants in Beijing, China. Fifteen FQs, eight TCs, including four degradation chemicals, and sixteen SAs, including four acetylated products, were detected in the river water. The SAs were the dominant antibiotic (total concentrations up to 3164.0 ng/L) in river water, followed by FQs (1430.3 ng/L) and TCs (296.6 ng/L). The sum concentrations for each class of detected antibiotic in the 13 discharge site samples were higher than those in river samples, up to 12326.7 ng/L for SAs, 6589.2 ng/L for FQs, and 730.1 ng/L for TCs, largely contributing to the high concentrations in the river basin. Log–linear regression analysis confirmed that the concentrations of FQs, TCs, and SAs in the Wenyu River basin were strongly correlated with the number of E. coli resistant to FQs (p < 0.05), TCs (p < 0.05), and SAs (p < 0.05), providing evidence for the environmental impacts of antibiotic usage.
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