The current study aimed to explore the role of the circular RNA circ‐TCF4.85 and its downstream target microRNA‐486‐5p (miR‐486‐5p) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Circ‐TCF4.85 was ...detected to be highly expressed in HCC tissues. Next, we found that silencing of circ‐TCF4.85 repressed HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while enhancing apoptosis. In addition, biotin‐coupled probe pull‐down and miRNA capture assays, as well as fluorescence
in situ
hybridization, confirmed that circ‐TCF4.85 could bind to miR‐486‐5p. In rescue experiments, miR‐486‐5p had the potential to eliminate the tumor‐suppressive effects of circ‐TCF4.85 knockdown in HCC. Moreover, miR‐486‐5p was shown to target
ABCF2
gene, which was positively regulated by circ‐TCF4.85. Finally, nude mice subcutaneously injected with si‐circ‐TCF4.85‐transfected HCC cells presented with inhibited xenograft tumor formation
in vivo
. Taken together, our results reveal that silencing of circ‐TCF4.85 suppresses HCC progression via miR‐486‐5p‐targeted inhibition of
ABCF2
.
Aberrant upregulation of POU2F2 expression has been discovered in metastatic gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanisms underlying the aberrant upregulation and the potential functions of POU2F2 ...remain uncertain.
The role and mechanism of POU2F2 in GC metastasis were investigated in gastric epithelial cells, GC cell lines and an experimental metastasis animal model by gain of function and loss of function. Upstream and downstream targets of POU2F2 were selected by bioinformatics and identified by luciferase reporter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR. The influence of miR-218 on its putative target genes (POU2F2, ROBO1 and IKK-β) and GC metastasis was further explored via in vitro and in vivo approaches.
Increased POU2F2 expression was detected in metastatic GC cell lines and patient samples. POU2F2 was induced by the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and, in turn, regulated ROBO1 transcription, thus functionally contributing to GC metastasis. Finally, miR-218 was found to suppress GC metastasis by simultaneously mediating multiple molecules in the POU2F2-oriented network.
This study demonstrated that NF-κB and the SLIT2/ROBO1 interaction network with POU2F2 as the central part may exert critical effects on tumour metastasis. Blocking the activation of the POU2F2-oriented metastasis network using miR-218 precursors exemplified a promising approach that sheds light on new strategies for GC treatment.
Most previous studies in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) focused on fecal samples, which limit the identification of the gut mucosal and luminal microbiome in depression. Here, ...we address this knowledge gap. Male cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were randomly assigned to a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, or to an unstressed control group. Behavioral tests were completed in both groups. At endpoint, microbe composition of paired mucosal and luminal samples from cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colons were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The levels of 34 metabolites involved in carbohydrate or energy metabolism in luminal samples were measured by targeted metabolomics profiling. CUMS macaques demonstrated significantly more depressive-like behaviors than controls. We found differences in mucosal and luminal microbial composition between the two groups, which were characterized by Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes at the phylum level, as well as Prevotellaceae and Lachnospiraceae at the family level. The majority of discriminative microbes correlated with the depressive-like behavioral phenotype. In addition, we found 27 significantly different microbiome community functions between the two groups in mucosa, and one in lumen, which were mainly involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism. A total of nine metabolites involved in these pathways were depleted in CUMS animals. Together, CUMS macaques with depressive-like behaviors associated with distinct alterations of covarying microbiota, carbohydrate and energy metabolism in mucosa and lumen. Further studies should focus on the mucosal and luminal microbiome to provide a deeper spatiotemporal perspective of microbial alterations in the pathogenesis of MDD.
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) were traditionally considered to participate in protein translation. Recent studies have identified a novel class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), produced by the specific ...cleavage of pre- and mature tRNAs, which have been named tRNA-derived fragments. tRNA-derived fragments are classified into diverse subtypes based on the different cleavage positions of the pre- and mature tRNAs. Recently, accumulated evidence has shown that these tRNA-derived fragments are frequently dysregulated in several cancers. Several tRNA-derived fragments were found to participate in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasive metastasis in several malignant human tumors. These dysregulated fragments are able to bind both Argonaute proteins and Piwi proteins to regulate gene expression. Some of the newly identified tRNA-derived fragments have been considered as the new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the biogenesis and biological functions of different subtypes of tRNA-derived fragments and discusses their molecular mechanisms in cancer progression.
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•tRNA-derived fragments are frequently dysregulated in several cancers.•Different types of tRNA-derived fragments have a variety of molecular functions.•tRNA-derived fragments are new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.
•Environmental and economic benefit comparison of coupled grey and green system was conducted.•The research considers both internal and external economic cost.•Environmental impacts from construction ...stage of coupled system are higher than grey system.•Payback time of related environmental impacts and total economic costs is 4 years.•Green building subsidy can significantly reduce 3.6 years of the economic cost payback time.
Green infrastructure is increasingly incorporated into the existing urban drainage system, i.e., grey infrastructure, for stormwater management in the context of rapid urbanization and climate change. Whether the coupled green–grey system can yield additional benefits requires quantification of environmental and economic performance. This study proposes a cost-combined life cycle assessment method to evaluate the environmental and economic benefits of coupled grey and green infrastructure system. Compared to traditional assessment methods, this method introduces internal (e.g., material cost, energy cost) and external (i.e., human health, ecological restoration, and pollutants emission) economic costs to conduct assessment. This research identifies key factors (i.e., categories, processes, and substances) of a coupled grey and green infrastructure system in a typical residential area in China. The coupled system is shown to generate higher environmental impacts and economic costs than grey system in the construction stage. The operation stage of coupled system can observe significant environmental and economic benefits. The payback time of related environmental impacts (except for non-carcinogens) and total economic costs is 4 years for the current case study. Noteworthy, a currently existing subsidy scheme would allow to reduce the payback time of total economic costs from 3.78 to 1.18 years. This study provides concrete evidence in support of urban stormwater management.
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head blight (FHB), a fungal disease caused by
species that produce food toxins, currently devastates wheat production worldwide, yet few resistance resources have been discovered in wheat germplasm. ...Here, we cloned the FHB resistance gene
by assembling the genome of
, a species used in wheat distant hybridization breeding.
encodes a glutathione S-transferase (GST) and confers broad resistance to
species by detoxifying trichothecenes through de-epoxidation.
GST homologs are absent in plants, and our evidence supports that
has gained
through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from an endophytic
species.
introgressions in wheat confers resistance to both FHB and crown rot in diverse wheat backgrounds without yield penalty, providing a solution for
resistance breeding.
Freeze-drying is known as one of the best methods to preserve bacterial strains. Protectant is the key factor affecting the survival rate of freeze-dried strains. In addition, salinity, bacterial ...suspension concentration, drying time, and other factors can also affect the survival rate of strains to varying degrees. At present, there are relatively few studies on freeze-drying preservation of marine bacteria. In the present study, we performed the freeze-drying protectant screening and optimized the preservation conditions for Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens, which is widely distributed in marine environment. The protective effects of the screened protectants were verified by 18 other marine bacterial strains.
The results indicated that the combination of 5.0% (w/v) lactose, 5.0% (w/v) mannitol, 5.0% (w/v) trehalose, 10.0% (w/v) skim milk powder, 0.5% (w/v) ascorbic acid and 0.5% (w/v) gelatin was the best choice for the preservation of P. nigrifaciens. The suggested salinity and concentration of initial cell suspension were 10 g/L NaCl and 1.0 × 109 CFU/mL, respectively. Furthermore, stationary-phase cells were the best choice for the freeze-drying process. The highest survival rate of P. nigrifaciens reached 52.8% when using 5–10% (w/v) skim milk as rehydration medium. Moreover, the other 18 marine strains belonging to Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, Photobacterium, Planomicrobium, Edwardsiella, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Saccharomyces were freeze-dried under the abovementioned conditions. Their survival rates were 2.3–95.1%.
Collectively, our results supported that the protectant mixture and parameters were beneficial for lyophilization of marine bacteria.
How to cite: Zhang Z, Yu Y, Wang Y, et al. Development of new protocol for freeze-drying preservation of Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens and its protective effect on other marine bacteria. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.12.006.
•Salting-out assisted DESs extraction method was developed for extraction SFN.•N8881Cl-EG DES showed excellent extraction performance of SFN.•Salting-out effect could effectively improve extraction ...efficiency of SFN.•Hydrogen-bond acceptor ability of DES is helpful for extracting SFN.•vdW and electrostatic interactions are the main interaction between DES and SFN.
In order to extract sulforaphane (SFN) from broccoli via green and efficient ways, a novel method based on salting-out assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been developed. Compared to known organic solvent- (such as dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, etc.) based liquid–liquid extraction, this new N8881Cl-based DES method exhibited excellent extraction efficiency for SFN, including a significant improvement due to the salting-out effect of KH2PO4. Under optimal conditions, 97.77 % of SFN was extracted by N8881Cl-EG DES and more than 82.5 % of SFN was recovered by activated carbon from DES. In addition, further studies with Kamlet-Taft parameters and density functional theory showed that the H-bond accepting capacity of hydrophobic DES, the existing vdW interaction, and the electrostatic interaction between N8881Cl-EG DES all contributed to efficient extraction of SFN. This is the first time that the underlying mechanism for SFN extraction by DES was revealed.
Background and Purpose
Stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) is the relative transient increase in glucose during a critical illness such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is likely to play an ...important role in the pathogenesis of remote diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion (R-DWIL) in primary ICH. We sought to determine the association between SIH and the occurrence of R-DWILs.
Methods
We prospectively enrolled primary ICH patients within 14 days after onset from November 2016 to May 2018. In these patients, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 14 days after ICH onset. R-DWIL was defined as a hyperintensity signal in DWI with corresponding hypointensity in apparent diffusion coefficient, and at least 20 mm apart from the hematoma. SIH was measured by stress-induced hyperglycemia ratio (SHR). SHR was calculated by fasting blood glucose (FBG) divided by estimated average glucose derived from glycosylated hemoglobin. The included patients were dichotomized into two groups by the 50th percentile of SHR, and named as SHR (−P50) group and SHR (P50+) group, respectively. We evaluated the association between SHR and R-DWIL occurrence using multivariable logistic regression modeling adjusted for potential confounders.
Results
Among the 288 patients enrolled, forty-six (16.0%) of them had one or more R-DWILs. Compared with the patients in the lower 50% of SHR (SHR −P50), the odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI) for the higher 50% of SHR (SHR P50+) group for R-DWIL occurrence was 3.13 (1.39–7.07) in the total population and 6.33 (2.19–18.30) in population absent of background hyperglycemia after adjusting for potential covariates. Similar results were observed after further adjusted for FBG.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that SIH was associated with the occurrence of R-DWILs in patients with primary ICH within 14 days of symptom onset.
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