•We compare storage technologies which have limitations on modern solar telescope.•The first attempt to use distributed storage system (DSS) in real-time observation.•The low-cost DSS can meet the ...requirements of NVST real-time observation.•The number of simultaneously writing and the file size improve the performance of DSS.•The different storage strategies have significant impacts on the access performance of DSS.
The New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) is a 1-m solar telescope that aims to observe the fine structures in both the photosphere and the chromosphere of the Sun. The observational data acquired simultaneously from one channel for the chromosphere and two channels for the photosphere bring great challenges to the data storage of NVST. The multi-channel instruments of NVST, including scientific cameras and multi-band spectrometers, generate at least 3 terabytes data per day and require high access performance while storing massive short-exposure images. It is worth studying and implementing a storage system for NVST which would balance the data availability, access performance and the cost of development. In this paper, we build a distributed data storage system (DDSS) for NVST and then deeply evaluate the availability of real-time data storage on a distributed computing environment. The experimental results show that two factors, i.e., the number of concurrent read/write and the file size, are critically important for improving the performance of data access on a distributed environment. Referring to these two factors, three strategies for storing FITS files are presented and implemented to ensure the access performance of the DDSS under conditions of multi-host write and read simultaneously. The real applications of the DDSS proves that the system is capable of meeting the requirements of NVST real-time high performance observational data storage. Our study on the DDSS is the first attempt for modern astronomical telescope systems to store real-time observational data on a low-cost distributed system. The research results and corresponding techniques of the DDSS provide a new option for designing real-time massive astronomical data storage system and will be a reference for future astronomical data storage.
Background Acute subdural haematoma （ASDH） is a common traumatic brain injury with a relatively high mortality rate. However, few studies have examined the factors predicting the outcome of isolated ...traumatic ASDH. This clinical study examined the hospital mortality and analyzed the risk factors for mortality in patients treated surgically for isolated traumatic ASDH.
Methods We collected 308 consecutive patients who underwent neurosurgery for isolated traumatic ASDH between January 1999 and December 2007 and used multivariate Logistic regression analysis to evaluate the influence of 11 clinical variables on hospital mortality.
Results The overall hospital mortality was 21.75% （67/308）. Age （OR=1.807）, preoperative Glasgow Coma Score （OR=0.316）, brain herniation （OR=2.181） and the time from trauma to decompression （OR=1.815） were independent predictors of death, while no independent association was observed between hospital mortality and haematoma volume, midline shift, acute brain swelling or brain herniation duration, although these variables were correlated with hospital mortality in univariate analyses.
Conclusions This study identified the risk factors for hospital mortality in patients who underwent surgical treatment for isolated traumatic ASDH. An increased risk of death occurs in patients who are over 50 years of age and have lower preoperative Glasgow Coma Scores, the presence of brain herniation and a long interval between trauma and decompression. The findings should help clinicians determine management criteria and improve survival.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effects of intact vitreous gel on the lens after pharmacologic vitreolysis and hyperoxia exposure in rats in vivo.
Methods: ...Eyes of Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by pharmacologic vitreolysis, and the rats with and without PVD were treated with hyperoxia 3 h per day for 5 months. Lens transparency was monitored by a slit-lamp biomicroscope. A series of biochemical measurements were made in extracts of the lens cortex and nucleus. Ascorbate levels were measured in the aqueous and vitreous humors.
Results: No significant differences in lens transparency or morphology were observed in all groups, and no significant biochemical changes were observed in the cortex or nucleus of lenses of the PVD group. In the lens nucleus, the values of water-soluble protein concentration in PVD + hyperoxia group were lower than that of the PVD group. The levels of water-soluble proteins, glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate decreased in the hyperoxia group with an intact vitreous body. Vitreolysis enhanced the effect of hyperoxia, decreasing soluble protein, GSH and ascorbate below the levels seen in eyes with vitreolysis alone. The levels of antioxidants and soluble proteins were lower in the lens nucleus, and the effects of vitreolysis plus hyperoxia were more significant in the nucleus. Hyperoxia and hyperoxia plus vitreolysis reduced catalase activity and increased oxidized GSH to a greater extent in the lens cortex, although these treatments increased protein-GSH mixed disulfides in both regions. Long-term hyperoxia also lowered ascorbate levels in the vitreous and aqueous humors, an effect that was enhanced by vitreolysis.
Conclusions: Exposure to excess molecular oxygen produces significant oxidative damage to the lens, especially the lens nucleus. These effects were enhanced by pharmacologic vitreolysis, indicating that intact vitreous gel protects the lens from oxidative damage.
Aims The purposes of the present study were to both evaluate the protective effects of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and to determine the possible molecular mechanisms by which Sal B protects ...endothelial cells from damage caused by oxidative stress. Methods and results Pretreatment with Sal B markedly attenuated H2O2-induced viability loss, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The mechanism of Sal B protection was studied using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Database searching implicated that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a central regulator for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, was up-regulated in Sal B-exposed HUVECs. GRP78 expression regulation was confirmed by western blot and RT–PCR (reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction) analyses. Additionally, GRP94, which shares significant sequence homology with GRP78, was also up-regulated in Sal B-treated cells. Sal B caused pancreatic ER kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) activation followed by the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Knockdown of endogenous ATF4 expression partially repressed Sal B-induced GRP78 induction. Further investigation showed that ATF6 was also activated by Sal B. Knockdown of GRP78 by siRNA significantly reduced the protective effects of Sal B. Conclusion The results suggest that Sal B induces the expression of GRP78 by activating ATF6 and the PERK–eIF2α–ATF4 pathway. Furthermore, up-regulation of GRP78 by Sal B may play an important role in protecting human endothelial cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damage.
To evaluate the safety of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in rabbits using electrophysiological testing and histopathologic analysis.
New Zealand albino rabbits were injected in one eye with ...control antibody (n = 2), 0.05 mL of bevacizumab (n = 3), or 0.2 mL of bevacizumab (n = 3). Electroretinograms were obtained 1 week and 4 weeks after injection. Histologic analysis was performed after completion of the electroretinographic studies.
No statistical differences were seen in scotopic and photopic a- and b-wave amplitudes between untreated control and bevacizumab-injected eyes. No histopathologic differences were identified between untreated control and bevacizumab-injected eyes.
Our study did not find evidence of retinal toxicity from a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in rabbits.
The present study applied 2D electrophoresis to analyze the proteins involved in luteolin (50
μM)-induced CH27 cell apoptosis. We found 7 proteins to be markedly changed. According to the data of ...analysis of these protein spots, we hypothesized that ATP synthetic pathway and heat shock proteins were involved in luteolin-induced CH27 cell apoptosis. In this study, luteolin induced a significant change in intracellular ATP levels and mitochondrial activity of CH27 cells. Further experiments demonstrated that pretreatment with forskolin blocked the luteolin-induced cell death. P38 and heat shock protein 27 may be important participants in the luteolin-induced changes in organization of actin microfilaments in this study. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum stress is also important in the luteolin-induced CH27 cell apoptosis. Our findings suggested that the function of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum is the integral factor in luteolin-induced CH27 cell apoptosis.
Aging and regeneration represent complex biological phenomena that have long captivated the scientific community. To fully comprehend these processes, it is essential to investigate molecular ...dynamics through a lens that encompasses both spatial and temporal dimensions. Conventional omics methodologies, such as genomics and transcriptomics, have been instrumental in identifying critical molecular facets of aging and regeneration. However, these methods are somewhat limited, constrained by their spatial resolution and their lack of capacity to dynamically represent tissue alterations. The advent of emerging spatiotemporal multi-omics approaches, encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics, furnishes comprehensive insights into these intricate molecular dynamics. These sophisticated techniques facilitate accurate delineation of molecular patterns across an array of cells, tissues, and organs, thereby offering an in-depth understanding of the fundamental mechanisms at play. This review meticulously examines the significance of spatiotemporal multi-omics in the realms of aging and regeneration research. It underscores how these methodologies augment our comprehension of molecular dynamics, cellular interactions, and signaling pathways. Initially, the review delineates the foundational principles underpinning these methods, followed by an evaluation of their recent applications within the field. The review ultimately concludes by addressing the prevailing challenges and projecting future advancements in the field. Indubitably, spatiotemporal multi-omics are instrumental in deciphering the complexities inherent in aging and regeneration, thus charting a course toward potential therapeutic innovations.
We explored the neurochemical mechanism of electroacupuncture's (EA) protective effect on brain function in focal cerebral ischemia rats, using cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats established by the ...middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, Sham+EA, MCAO and MCAO+EA. The rats in Sham+EA and MCAO+EA were accepted EA treatment at 'GV26' and 'GV20' acupoints for 30 min. Electric stimulation was produced by a G-6805 generator and neurological deficit scores were recorded. Mitochondria respiratory function and the activities of respiratory enzymes were measured by a computer-aided Clark oxygen electrode system. Results showed that EA treatment might reduce the neurological deficit score, and significantly improve respiratory control ratio (RCR), the index of mitochondrial respiratory function, and increase the activities of succinic dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase in the MCAO rats. Results suggest that EA might markedly decrease the neurological deficit score, promote the activities of respiratory enzymes and reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in improvement of respiratory chain function and anti-oxidative capability of brain tissues in the infarct penumbra zone. This be a mechanism of EA's anti-injury effect on brain function in MCAO rats.
The present study aimed to explore whether gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding after receiving palliative chemotherapy could benefit from gastrectomy and to identify patients with ...peritoneal seeding who should be selected to receive gastrectomy.
A total of 201 gastric cancer patients were diagnosed with peritoneal seeding and received palliative chemotherapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the selection bias.
After PSM, compared with non-gastrectomy group, gastrectomy group had a longer median overall survival (OS) (23.60 vs. 13.80 moths; P=0.034). Patients with R0 resection had a median OS of 43.60 months compared with 11.27 months in patients who underwent R1/2 resection (P<0.001). The median OS times between the R1/2 resection and non-gastrectomy groups were not different (P=0.139). Subgroup analysis revealed that only patients receiving more than 4 periods of first-line chemotherapy benefited from gastrectomy (P=0.018), whereas patients receiving 1-4 periods of first-line chemotherapy did not (P=0.275). Multivariate analysis showed that gastrectomy (P=0.012) and the period of first-line chemotherapy (P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors. The overall postoperative morbidity was 3.03% (1/33) in the gastrectomy group, and no treatment-related death was observed.
The present study indicated that gastrectomy after palliative chemotherapy is a safe procedure and showed a survival benefit for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding. Moreover, clinically curative R0 gastrectomy and more than 4 periods of palliative chemotherapy resulted in better clinical outcomes.
A series of amido-substituted triazolopyrrolo2,1-c1,4benzodiazepine (PBDT) derivatives was synthesized from isatoic anhydride, and their cytotoxicity against the MRC-5 and Mahlavu cell lines was ...evaluated. The results suggest that compound PBDT-7i with the meta-trifluoromethylbenzoyl substituent can selectively inhibit the growth of Mahlavu cells and has low toxicity towards MRC-5 cells.
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