We present the first enantioselective nickel-catalyzed borylative coupling of 1,3-dienes with aldehydes, providing an efficient route to highly valuable homoallylic alcohols in a single step. The ...reaction involves the 1,4-carboboration of dienes, leading to the formation of C–C and C–B bonds accompanied by the construction of two continuous stereogenic centers. Enabled by a chiral spiro phosphine-oxazoline nickel complex, this transformation yields products with exceptional diastereoselectivity, E-selectivity, and enantioselectivity. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction can be controlled by employing either (Z)-1,3-dienes or (E)-1,3-dienes.
It is understood that in a network with an in-band full-duplex (FD) access point (AP) simultaneously serving multiple half-duplex clients, various kinds of interference may severely degrade the ...network spectral efficiency (SE). In this paper, we first address the problem of canceling the inter-client interference (ICI) from multiple uplink clients to multiple downlink clients in such a scenario. The proposed ICI nulling approach, namely, multiuser ICI cancellation (MU-IC2), enables the AP to actively and completely eliminate the ICI for the downlink clients. With this method, the gain from FD processing can be achieved much efficiently. Design guideline is given and reduced-complexity implementation for use with a large number of antennas at the AP is also derived. Furthermore, in some circumstances, notable residual self-interference (SI) exists at the AP due to the imperfection of SI cancellation during the FD operation. This may enlarge the interference observed by the downlink clients. We provide new ways, i.e., two MU-SI-IC2 approaches, to deal with this case based on the possible knowledge of SI as well. As a result, both the SI-induced interference and ICI are effectively eliminated, and the overall throughput can still be benefited from FD and kept at a high level. The simulation results show that in terms of the network SE, our proposed MU-IC2 and MU-SI-IC2 can significantly outperform some baseline schemes and the state-of-the-art active ICI mitigation methods in various scenarios.
Millions of COVID-19 pediatric survivors are facing the risk of long COVID after recovery from acute COVID-19. The primary objective of this study was to systematically review the available ...literature and determine the pooled prevalence of, and risk factors for long COVID among the pediatric survivors.
Studies that assessed the prevalence of, or risk factors associated with long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 survivors were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to December 11th, 2022. Random effects model was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 patients. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression on the estimated prevalence of long COVID were performed by stratification with follow-up duration, mean age, sex ratio, percentage of multisystem inflammatory syndrome, hospitalization rate at baseline, and percentage of severe illness.
Based on 40 studies with 12,424 individuals, the pooled prevalence of any long COVID was 23.36 % (95 % CI 15.27–32.53). The generalized symptom (19.57 %, 95 % CI 9.85–31.52) was reported most commonly, followed by respiratory (14.76 %, 95 % CI 7.22–24.27), neurologic (13.51 %, 95 % CI 6.52–22.40), and psychiatric (12.30 %, 95% CI 5.38–21.37). Dyspnea (22.75 %, 95% CI 9.38–39.54), fatigue (20.22 %, 95% CI 9.19–34.09), and headache (15.88 %, 95 % CI 6.85–27.57) were most widely reported specific symptoms. The prevalence of any symptom during 3–6, 6–12, and> 12 months were 26.41 % (95 % CI 14.33–40.59), 20.64 % (95 % CI 17.06–24.46), and 14.89 % (95 % CI 6.09–26.51), respectively. Individuals with aged over ten years, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, or had severe clinical symptoms exhibited higher prevalence of long COVID in multi-systems. Factors such as older age, female, poor physical or mental health, or had severe infection or more symptoms were more likely to have long COVID in pediatric survivors.
Nearly one quarter of pediatric survivors suffered multisystem long COVID, even at 1 year after infection. Ongoing monitoring, comprehensive prevention and intervention is warranted for pediatric survivors, especially for individuals with high risk factors.
Cancer therapeutic nanovaccines are ideal tools to inhibit tumor growth and provide the body with continuous protecting immune surveillance. However, the conventional subcutaneous (SC) vaccination ...normally induces limited anti-tumor immune responses with low therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we devised clay-based nanovaccines and directly delivered them to the spleen via intravenous (IV) injection to induce the stronger anti-tumor immunity with higher efficacy for tumor prevention and treatment. The clay, i.e., layered double hydroxide (LDH) was prepared as nanoadjuvant with the average size from 77 to 285 nm and co-loaded with the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and bioadjuvant CpG to form CpG/OVA-LDH (CO-LDH) nanovaccines. We found that CO-LDH-215 (the size of LDH was 215 nm) promoted dendritic cells to present the most antigen, and moreover showed the highest spleen enrichment (~ 1.67% of CO-LDH-215 enriched in the spleen at 24 h post IV injection). The
in vivo
immunologic data showed that CO-LDH-215 induced the most potent anti-tumor immune responses and completely prevented the growth of E.G7-OVA tumor in the mouse model. Furthermore, IV injected CO-LDH-215 nanovaccine more effectively delayed tumor growth than that SC injected, largely due to the direct and quick delivery of more nanovaccines to the spleen. This study demonstrates that the therapeutic efficacy of nanovaccines can be greatly enhanced by targeted delivery of nanovaccines to the spleen via the proper vaccination route.
Controlling the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids across biological membranes plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of cells; one of the most important contributors that maintain this lipid ...asymmetry are phospholipid-transporting adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases). Although sufficient information regarding their association with cancer exists, there is limited evidence linking the genetic variants of phospholipid-transporting ATPase family genes to prostate cancer in humans.
In this study, we investigated the association of 222 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight phospholipid-transporting ATPase genes with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of 630 patients treated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer.
After multivariate Cox regression analysis and multiple testing correction, we found that ATP8B1 rs7239484 was remarkably associated with CSS and OS after ADT. A pooled analysis of multiple independent gene-expression datasets demonstrated that ATP8B1 was under-expressed in tumor tissues and that a higher ATP8B1 expression was associated with a better patient prognosis. Moreover, we established highly invasive sublines using two human prostate cancer cell lines to mimic cancer progression traits in vitro. The expression of ATP8B1 was consistently downregulated in both highly invasive sublines.
Our study indicates that rs7239484 is a prognostic factor for patients treated with ADT and that ATP8B1 can potentially attenuate prostate cancer progression.
Cataracts are often considered to be an unavoidable consequence of aging. Oxidative damage is a major cause or consequence of cortical and nuclear cataracts, the most common types of age-related ...cataracts.
In this review, we consider the different risk factors, natural history and etiology of each of the 3 major types of age-related cataract, as well as the potential sources of oxidative injury to the lens and the mechanisms that protect against these insults. The evidence linking different oxidative stresses to the different types of cataracts is critically evaluated.
We conclude from this analysis that the evidence for a causal role of oxidation is strong for nuclear, but substantially lower for cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts. The preponderance of evidence suggests that exposure to increased levels of molecular oxygen accelerates the age-related opacification of the lens nucleus, leading to nuclear cataract. Factors in the eye that maintain low oxygen partial pressure around the lens are, therefore, important in protecting the lens from nuclear cataract.
Maintaining or restoring the low oxygen partial pressure around that lens should decrease or prevent nuclear cataracts.
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•The p and pz band centers, electron transfer, and deformation charge density are successfully applied to be descriptors of the hydrogen adsorption ability.•The occupied behavior of ...antibonding state is the key to explain the descriptor of p and pz band centers.•S2NV2-G@Mo2C, N1-G@Mo2C, and N2-G@Mo2C exhibit high exchange current density, which are much close to that of 20% Pt(111).
Defect and substrate introduced into catalyst are two feasible routes toward design of heterogeneous catalysts. It is vital to identify and understand the relationships among atomic, electronic structures and adsorbate binding ability of the catalytic surfaces. Herein, hydrogen evolution on different defect graphene with and without two-dimensional (2D) Mo2C substrate are selected as examples to explore the relationships. Three feasible electronic structural descriptors, including p and pz band centers of local atoms, electron transfer to local atoms, and deformation charge densities of composite structures, are exacted from electronic properties of the defect and substrate-supported graphene. It is found that those descriptors could predict the hydrogen binding energy quantitatively, and the hydrogen adsorption order qualitatively. The descriptor of local p and pz band centers originate from hybridization between the site atom and adsorbate. It is believed that the relationship of atomic structure, electronic structure and binding energy may be applied to other surfaces, and shed light on the nature origin of the structure–activity on electrochemistry. By tuning the descriptors by atomic structure of defect or substrate, suitable hydrogen binding ability and superior hydrogen evolution performance of graphene could be achieved. Several structures based on graphene own superior hydrogen evolution activity: the exchange current densities of S3NV1-G, S2NV2-G@Mo2C, N1-G@Mo2C, and N2-G@Mo2C are predicted to be 0.811, 0.963, 0.712, and 1.860 mA/cm2, respectively. Especially the last two ones, their negative interfacial binding energies, and the energy favorability of forming N1 and N2 defects, ensure their stabilities and easy syntheses in experiment, and enhance their potential applications.
In this study, an outdoor automated guided vehicle (AGV) with an absorbent vibration system was designed, and a 7-degrees of freedom (DOF) model was established for this system. We built a simulation ...model in Simulink software that serves as the 7-DOF model. The three indicators for evaluating the stability of the AGV are simulated and analyzed in the simulation model when one side of the AGV crosses a sloping obstacle. A vibration absorptive property experiment of the AGV was performed, and the average maximum displacement of the AGV sprung mass was 13.42 mm. The maximum predicted amplitude of sprung mass in the Simulink simulation model is 12.8 mm, and its prediction error is about 4.6%. The prediction accuracy of the Simulink model is higher than that of the Adams simulation method. According to the efficiency comparison experiment of the AGV obstacle crossing simulation method, the obstacle crossing simulation method based on Simulink designed in this paper saves about 28% of the working time of the designer compared with the traditional Adams simulation method, which provides a new idea for the simulation method of outdoor AGV obstacle crossing before the 3D model is established.
Vitrectomy, when followed by cataract surgery, increases the risk of open-angle glaucoma. This study was conducted in patients to determine whether these procedures are associated with increased ...exposure of the trabecular meshwork to oxygen.
Oxygen distribution was recorded with a fiberoptic probe in patients undergoing surgery for cataract, glaucoma, or retinal disease. pO(2) was measured beneath the central cornea, in the mid-anterior chamber, and in the anterior chamber angle. In patients who were pseudophakic or were scheduled for cataract extraction, pO(2) was also measured in the posterior chamber and near the lens.
Eyes with no previous cataract or vitrectomy surgery had steep oxygen gradients in the aqueous humor between the cornea and lens. pO(2) was low in the posterior chamber and near the lens. Previous vitrectomy was associated with significantly increased pO(2) in the posterior chamber. Eyes with previous cataract surgery had significantly elevated pO(2) only in the posterior chamber and in front of the intraocular lens (IOL). Eyes that had both vitrectomy and previous cataract surgery had increased pO(2) in the posterior chamber, anterior to the IOL, and in the anterior chamber angle. pO(2) in the posterior chamber and the anterior chamber angle correlated strongly.
Oxygen metabolism by the lens and cornea establishes oxygen gradients in the anterior segment. Vitrectomy and cataract surgery increase pO(2) in the anterior chamber angle, potentially damaging trabecular meshwork cells. We propose that oxygen levels in the anterior chamber angle are strongly influenced by oxygen derived from the ciliary body circulation.
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