In this work, we present systematical characterizations of iron doped alumina substrates produced by solid state sintering of ball milled powders. It was found that the doped samples have higher ...fracture toughness, lower thermal conductivity, smaller coefficient of thermal expansion and higher relative dielectric constant than undoped ones. A reduction in thermal conductivity could arguably give extra protection to the package chip in a high temperature application environment and can be attributed to an increase in phonon scattering. Furthermore, the decrease in coefficient of thermal expansion also helps to reduce thermal induced stress between the substrates and device chip. The observed improvement in fracture toughness cannot be explained by the common toughening mechanism, such as crack bridging or due to the increase in crystallite size, and is the subject of further investigation.
Labial adhesions seldom occur following vaginal delivery. We report the case of a large labial adhesion forming after an uneventful pregnancy and normal delivery in a multiparous patient.
We report the results of field surveys conducted by the Earthquake Research Institute, to measure tsunami heights from the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan Earthquake (M 9.0), on March 11. ...Measurements were taken at 296 points on the Sanriku coasts of Aomori, Iwate, and Miyagi Prefectures, and the Pacific coasts of Ibaraki and Chiba Prefectures. The data are included in the results of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group. We did not cover the Sendai plain in the southern Miyagi Prefecture because other parties extensively measure there, nor Fukushima Prefecture because of the accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. The twelve surveys first sought traces indicating tsunami runup or inundation heights. Reliability was classified into A (most reliable based on clear physical evidence and eyewitness accounts), B (mostly based on natural traces), and C (least reliable based on equivocal evidence). Most physical evidence obtained after June was not significant; therefore, reliance was mostly placed on eyewitness accounts. Locations and relative heights above sea level were measured using handheld GPS receivers, auto-level, or total station. The measured heights were corrected for differences in tide level between measurement time and tsunami arrival time. The results are shown on table and four regional maps; however, the details of each measurement, including locations shown on 1:25,000 maps and photographs of evidence are shown in the Appendix. Along the northern Sanriku coast (Aomori and Iwate), most of the 141 heights range between 10m and 30m. Runup heights exceeding 30m were measured at one location in Noda Village and nine locations in Miyako City. On the southern Sanriku coast in Miyagi, most of the 76 measurements range between 4 and 20 m. On the Ibaraki coast, 36 measurements range from 2.8 to 8.1 m, and the heights generally decease toward the south. On the Chiba coast, 43 measurements range from 0.7 to 7.9 m, with the maximum height near Iioka, Asahi City.
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